scholarly journals Evaluation of different strategic planning approaches in a forest plantation in the North of Misiones Province, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 918-935
Author(s):  
Diego Broz ◽  
◽  
Mathías López ◽  
Enzo Sanzovo ◽  
Julio Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Misiones Province ◽  
Planning Approaches

<abstract> <p>In this paper we evaluate different models and constraints to define strategic planning approaches. In addition, we analyze the best models to meet the expectations generated by the organization. A forest company situated in the province of Misiones, Argentina, provided the data. Hence, forest growth was simulated and, ultimately, optimized planning was used to evaluate different scenarios with 50-year horizon. The best results to stabilize log production were obtained when the harvest is relaxed in ±2 years. Relaxing the clear-cut age leads to a better balance in planting, thinning (1, 2, 3 and 4) and clear felling operations. We found that when maximizing the economic benefit, the NPV is slightly higher, however, this is not significant. In this sense, the planner chooses an economic or volumetric objective function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that model 1 presented better results than model 2 because it manages to stabilize production in the planning horizon. The results allow forest companies to see the implication of choosing the model for strategic planning.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals War and peace in liberated North Korea: Soviet military administration and the creation of North Korean police force in 1945

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Vasilii Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Military

Abstract The North Korean police were arguably one of the most important organisations in liberated North Korea. It was instrumental in stabilising the North Korean society and eventually became one of the backbones for both the new North Korean regime and its military force. Scholars of different political orientation have attempted to reconstruct its early history leading to a set of views ranging from the “traditionalist” sovietisation concept to the more contemporary “revisionist” reconstruction that portrayed it as the cooperation of North Korean elites with the Soviet authorities in their bid for the control over the politics and the military, in which the Soviets merely played the supporting role. Drawing from the Soviet archival documents, this paper presents a third perspective, arguing that initially, the Soviet military administration in North Korea did not pursue any clear-cut political goals. On the contrary, the Soviet administration initially viewed North Koreans with distrust, making Soviets constantly conduct direct interventions to prevent North Korean radicals from using the police in their political struggle.

Evaluation of planting sites common to a southeast Alaska clear-cut. IV. Nutrient levels in ectomycorrhizal Sitka spruce seedlings

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Charles G. Shaw III
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
North Side ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) seedlings colonized by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccarialaccata (Scop. ex Fr.) Berk and Br., Hebelomacrustuliniforme (Bull, ex St. Amans) Quel., or Cenococcumgeophilum Fr. and a noninoculated control were planted on rotten wood, undisturbed duff, undisturbed duff on the north side of large stumps, and exposed mineral soil in an area recently clear-cut on Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska. Uptake and concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and several micronutrients in foliage, stems, and roots were determined 2 years after outplanting. There were no significant interactions between fungal treatments and microsite types for uptake or concentration of any nutrient. Uptake and concentrations of N and P in foliage and roots did not differ significantly among fungal treatments. Foliar K and Cu concentrations were significantly higher in control seedlings than in those with L. laccata ectomycorrhizae. Calcium was the only nutrient analyzed that was present in higher concentrations in seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme than in controls. Concentrations of foliar P, Mn, and Zn were significantly greater in seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (protected north side) than in seedlings grown on exposed mineral soil. However, foliar concentrations of all nutrients tested were not significantly different between seedlings grown on undisturbed duff (unprotected sites) and those grown on mineral soil. Seedlings grown on rotten wood had significantly greater concentrations of foliar Ca than seedlings grown on either exposed mineral soil or undisturbed duff. The on-site colonization of control seedlings after outplanting indicates that resident ectomycorrhizal fungi readily establish and appear to provide equal if not improved nutrient benefits compared to inoculated seedlings. Greater nutritional benefits were derived by planting on certain microsite types (duff and protected duff) than by inoculating with specific ectomycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of managed boreal forests in Finland to climate change, with implications for adaptive management

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1501) ◽  
pp. 2339-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Tuula Nuutinen ◽  
Kari T Korhonen ◽  
Harri Strandman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Climate Change Model

This study investigated the sensitivity of managed boreal forests to climate change, with consequent needs to adapt the management to climate change. Model simulations representing the Finnish territory between 60 and 70° N showed that climate change may substantially change the dynamics of managed boreal forests in northern Europe. This is especially probable at the northern and southern edges of this forest zone. In the north, forest growth may increase, but the special features of northern forests may be diminished. In the south, climate change may create a suboptimal environment for Norway spruce. Dominance of Scots pine may increase on less fertile sites currently occupied by Norway spruce. Birches may compete with Scots pine even in these sites and the dominance of birches may increase. These changes may reduce the total forest growth locally but, over the whole of Finland, total forest growth may increase by 44%, with an increase of 82% in the potential cutting drain. The choice of appropriate species and reduced rotation length may sustain the productivity of forest land under climate change.

Because of previous isolated reports of swimmer’s itch at the stage 1 lake, periodic surveys by sweep netting commenced in July 1990. For each of six localities covering three distinct habitat types (open bays within the lake, along the margins of permanent creeks, temporary ponds), 1 m quadrats containing all vegetation types were scoured for snails. Austropeplea snails were not present in the lake proper until February 1991, but in November 1990 they were first located in ponds along the north-east, east and south-western shorelines. Egg masses were often found attached to the undersides of nardoo (Marsilea mutica) and sometimes wrapped around the stalks and ventral surfaces of the water lily, Nymphaea gigantea. Thus its absence from the lake was attributed to the lack of established vegetation in the stage 2A lake, and from this we developed a working hypothesis that host snails were possibly vegetation-specific. Thus to facilitate recreational use, control of infected Austropeplea could be achieved by simply clearing the appropriate water plant. By July to August 1991, however, schistosome-infected Austropeplea were collected from various types of vegetation along the margins of Ross River, close to the lake. A few Amerianna and Gyraulus gilberti were found in Ti-Tree Bay contiguous with Big Bay and Round Island, which were still negative for snails. By February 1992, planorbids were present in all three habitat types, with Austropeplea in two, i.e. ponds and creeks around the lake. Until 1993, 2,365 snails were dissected to detect both patent and pre-patent Trichobilharzia infection. Four different species of snails were identified, size classed according to shell length or width using vernier calipers. Snails were crushed on a microscope slide or in a Petri dish with a few drops of water under a warm light. A heavy infection of cercariae is evident to the naked eye, but any worm-like animals were removed on to another slide, stained with two to three drops of 0.1 per cent neutral red dye, covered with a coverslip and examined microscopically. Schistosome cercariae are distinctive with their eye spots, forked tail and presence of oral and ventral suckers (see Figure 9.4). Schistosomes were recovered from 4.5 per cent and 1.7 per cent of Austropeplea and Gyraulus gilberti snails, but not from Amerianna nor Thiara. In terms of management solutions, several questions seemed paramount: • Which habitat types presented the greatest (and lowest) risk? • Which time of the year presented the greatest hazard? • Can certain indicators be used to predict infection? Statistical analysis of the presence and abundance of Austropeplea snails did not correlate with any particular vegetation type (Hurley et al. 1995) but was connected with vegetation generally. There was no clear-cut relationship with snail density and physicochemical parameters including temperature, biomass of periphyton or with percentage surface coverage. However, highest densities of Austropeplea lessoni (45/m and Amerianna

1998 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Temporary Ponds ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Stage 1

Stemodia diplohyptoides (Plantaginaceae, Gratiolae): a new diploid species from South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (5) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mercedes Sosa ◽  
Massimiliano Dematteis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Corolla Length ◽  
The North ◽  
Misiones Province ◽  
Northeastern Argentina ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Stemodia diplohyptoides (Plantaginaceae), a new species from Gratiolae tribe is described and illustrated. This taxon is found in northeastern Argentina, at the edge of the Parana River that surrounds the north and center of Misiones province (Argentina). It is a diploid that has been traditionally treated under Stemodia hyptoides, which is here re-circumscribed to include only autopolyploid plants (tetraploid and hexaploid). The diploid specimens may be distinguished from the polyploid S. hyptoides by several morphological features such as shape, pubescence and margin of the leaves, corolla length and corolla tube pubescence. In addition, scanning electron microphotographs of seeds, chromosomes numbers, a distribution map and a key to distinguish the related species are also provided. On the basis of morphological, cytological and geographical data, some evolutionary considerations are inferred.

scholarly journals Influence of Plantation Establishment on Discharge Characteristics in a Small Catchment of Tropical Forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aisah Shamsuddin ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
Shoji Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Water Yield ◽  
Plantation Establishment ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Forested Catchment ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hopea Odorata ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted on the impact of forest clearance on discharge from newly established Hopea odorata plantations catchment (14.4 ha). The stands were two years old when this study commenced in year 2006 and the data collection was carried out for two years. The forested catchment (C3) was clear-cut during the preparation of the forest plantation and catchment C1 was left undisturbed. Discharge and rainfall were measured continuously for two years. The discharge measured from years 1997 to 2003 was used also to determine the water yield before and after forest clear-cut. This study showed that the plantation catchment is more responsive to storm with higher total water yield than in the forested catchment. The effect of forest clear cutting to discharge was clearly shown by the increment in the amount following the clear-cut activities and time taken for the recovery of the discharge back to its original state was almost three years. The peak discharge in C3 also was affected in which the biggest change was obtained during the forest clear-cutting period compared with during calibration and after clearing periods. This study is useful as basis for improving the existing guidelines on forest plantation establishment.

Prehistoric Llama Breeding and Herding on the North Coast of Peru

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Shimada ◽  
Izumi Shimada
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Horizon ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

There is no clear-cut consensus or reliable body of published data in the Andean literature indicating whether llamas were bred and herded on the prehistoric North Coast of Peru or periodically imported from the highlands. Based on four lines of evidence—ethnographic, archaeozoological, physiological, and ethnohistoric—we argue that llamas (and perhaps even alpacas) were successfully bred and maintained on the North Coast from the early Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 600) and perhaps since the Early Horizon. More specifically, we discuss population structure, representation of body parts, climatic and dietary adaptability, and abundance of coastal forage. Both llamas and alpacas are physiologically well-adapted for the coastal environment and can efficiently process a wide range of forage. By the Middle Horizon, domestic camelids served a wide range of functions including transport, sacrifice, tools, and meat. Species identification, coastal herd management, effects of disease vectors, and other related issues are also discussed.

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