scholarly journals Incompressible limit of a continuum model of tissue growth with segregation for two cell populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 5804-5835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Chertock ◽  
◽  
Pierre Degond ◽  
Sophie Hecht ◽  
Jean-Paul Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Model ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Incompressible Limit

scholarly journals Incompressible limit of a continuum model of tissue growth for two cell populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Degond ◽  
◽  
Sophie Hecht ◽  
Nicolas Vauchelet ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuum Model ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Incompressible Limit

scholarly journals Modeling cellular crosstalk and organotypic vasculature development with human iPSC-derived endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmi Helle ◽  
Minna Ampuja ◽  
Alexandra Dainis ◽  
Laura Antola ◽  
Elina Temmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing

AbstractRationaleCell-cell interactions are crucial for the development and function of the organs. Endothelial cells act as essential regulators of tissue growth and regeneration. In the heart, endothelial cells engage in delicate bidirectional communication with cardiomyocytes. The mechanisms and mediators of this crosstalk are still poorly known. Furthermore, endothelial cells in vivo are exposed to blood flow and their phenotype is greatly affected by shear stress.ObjectiveWe aimed to elucidate how cardiomyocytes regulate the development of organotypic phenotype in endothelial cells. In addition, the effects of flow-induced shear stress on endothelial cell phenotype were studied.Methods and resultsHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) -derived cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were grown either as a monoculture or as a coculture. hiPS-endothelial cells were exposed to flow using the Ibidi-pump system. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to define cell populations and to uncover the effects on their transcriptomic phenotypes. The hiPS-cardiomyocyte differentiation resulted in two distinct populations; atrial and ventricular. Coculture had a more pronounced effect on hiPS-endothelial cells compared to hiPS-cardiomyocytes. Coculture increased hiPS-endothelial cell expression of transcripts related to vascular development and maturation, cardiac development, and the expression of cardiac endothelial cell -specific genes. Exposure to flow significantly reprogrammed the hiPS-endothelial cell transcriptome, and surprisingly, promoted the appearance of both venous and arterial clusters.ConclusionsSingle-cell RNA sequencing revealed distinct atrial and ventricular cell populations in hiPS-cardiomyocytes, and arterial and venous-like cell populations in flow exposed hiPS-endothelial cells. hiPS-endothelial cells acquired cardiac endothelial cell identity in coculture. Our study demonstrated that hiPS-cardiomoycytes and hiPS-endothelial cells readily adapt to coculture and flow in a consistent and relevant manner, indicating that the methods used represent improved physiological cell culturing conditions that potentially are more relevant in disease modelling. In addition, novel cardiomyocyte-endothelial cell crosstalk mediators were revealed.

scholarly journals The essentials of developmental apoptosis

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Voss ◽  
Andreas Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Embryonic And Fetal Development ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Hands And Feet

Apoptotic cells are commonly observed in a broad range of tissues during mammalian embryonic and fetal development. Specific requirements and functions of programmed cell death were inferred from early observations. These inferences did not hold up to functional proof for a requirement of apoptosis for normal tissue development in all cases. In this review, we summarize how the appraisal of the importance of developmental apoptosis has changed over the years, in particular with detailed functional assessment, such as by using gene-targeted mice lacking essential initiators or mediators of apoptosis. In recent years, the essentials of developmental apoptosis have emerged. We hypothesize that apoptosis is predominantly required to balance cell proliferation. The two interdependent processes—cell proliferation and apoptosis—together more powerfully regulate tissue growth than does each process alone. We proposed that this ensures that tissues and cell populations attain the appropriate size that allows fusion in the body midline and retain the size of cavities once formed. In addition, a limited number of tissues, albeit not all previously proposed, rely on apoptosis for remodeling, chiefly aortic arch remodeling, elimination of supernumerary neurons, removal of vaginal septa, and removal of interdigital webs in the formation of hands and feet.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling of the branchial arches reveals cell type composition and a conserved signature of neural crest cell invasion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A Morrison ◽  
Rebecca McLennan ◽  
Jessica M Teddy ◽  
Allison R Scott ◽  
Jennifer C Kasemeier-Kulesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mesoderm Cell ◽  
Branchial Arches

ABSTRACTThe vertebrate branchial arches that give rise to structures of the head, neck, and heart form with very dynamic tissue growth and well-choreographed neural crest, ectoderm, and mesoderm cell dynamics. Although this morphogenesis has been studied by marker expression and fate-mapping, the mechanisms that control the collective migration and diversity of the neural crest and surrounding tissues remain unclear, in part due to the effects of averaging and need for cell isolation in conventional transcriptome analysis experiments of multiple cell populations. We used label free single cell RNA sequencing on 95,000 individual cells at 2 developmental stages encompassing formation of the first four chick branchial arches to measure the transcriptional states that define the cellular hierarchy and invasion signature of the migrating neural crest. The results confirmed basic features of cell type diversity and led to the discovery of many novel markers that discriminate between axial level and distal-to-proximal cell populations within the branchial arches and neural crest streams. We identified the transcriptional signature of the most invasive neural crest that is conserved within each branchial arch stream and elucidated a set of genes common to other cell invasion signatures in types in cancer, wound healing and development. These data robustly delineate molecularly distinct cell types within the branchial arches and identify important molecular transitions within the migrating neural crest during development.

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC ANGIOGENESIS BY GROWTH FACTORS AND BONE MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS ADMINISTRATION: BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION AND CLINICAL PROSPECTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
D. V. Bulgin ◽  
O. V. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Angiogenesis ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Angiogenesis is the process of new capillary formation by migration and proliferation of differentiated endothelial cells from pre-existing microvascular network. A number of angiogenic molecules and cell populations are involved in this complex of new vessel formation cascades resulting in the determination and organization of new tridimensional vascular network. The goal of therapeutic angiogenesis is to stimulate angiogenesis to improve perfusion, to deliver survival factors to sites of tissue repair, to mobilize regenerative stem cell populations, andultimately to restore form and function to the tissue. Growth factors and bone marrow as a source of bone marrow mononuclear cells represent a very interesting research fi eld for the realization of therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. They provide a potential key component in the healing processes of ischemic injured tissues.

Electron microscopy of endocardial cell populations

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
T. G. Sarphie ◽  
C. R. Comer ◽  
D. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Endocardial Cell

Previous ultrastructural studies have characterized surface morphology during norma cell cycles in an attempt to associate specific changes with specific metabolic processes occurring within the cell. It is now known that during the synthetic ("S") stage of the cycle, when DNA and other nuclear components are synthesized, a cel undergoes a doubling in volume that is accompanied by an increase in surface area whereby its plasma membrane is elaborated into a variety of processes originally referred to as microvilli. In addition, changes in the normal distribution of glycoproteins and polysaccharides derived from cell surfaces have been reported as depreciating after cellular transformation by RNA or DNA viruses and have been associated with the state of growth, irregardless of the rate of proliferation. More specifically, examination of the surface carbohydrate content of synchronous KB cells were shown to be markedly reduced as the cell population approached division Comparison of hamster kidney fibroblasts inhibited by vinblastin sulfate while in metaphase with those not in metaphase demonstrated an appreciable decrease in surface carbohydrate in the former.

Rheometers, Bioreactors, and Vocalization Forces: Using Basic Science Investigations to Help the Voices of Teachers

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Sarah Klemuk
Keyword(s):  
Basic Science ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Professional Voice Users ◽  
The University ◽  
Science Investigations ◽  
Professional Voice

Abstract Collaborative studies at the University of Iowa and the National Center for Voice and Speech aim to help the voices of teachers. Investigators study how cells and tissues respond to vibration doses simulating typical vocalization patterns of teachers. A commercially manufactured instrument is uniquely modified to support cell and tissue growth, to subject tissues to vocalization-like forces, and to measure viscoelastic properties of tissues. Through this basic science approach, steps toward safety limits for vocalization and habilitating rest periods for professional voice users will be achieved.

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