scholarly journals Effect of rotational grazing on plant and animal production

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayee Chen ◽  
Junping Shi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Production ◽  
Rotational Grazing

Effects of grazing method and fertiliser inputs on the productivity andsustainability of phalaris-based pastures in Western Victoria

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Chapman ◽  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
P. E. Quigley ◽  
A. N. Thompson ◽  
J. F. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Rotation Length ◽  
Western Victoria

The effects of combinations of different fertiliser rates and grazing methods applied to phalaris-based pastures on an acid, saline, yellow sodosol on the Dundas Tablelands of western Victoria (mean annual rainfall 623�mm) were measured from 1997 to 2000. The objective was to help identify management systems that improve phalaris growth and persistence, water use, and animal production, and thereby the productivity and sustainability of grazing systems. Pastures were either set stocked with low [mean 6.4 kg phosphorus (P)/ha.year] or high (mean 25 kg P/ha.year) fertiliser rates, or rotationally grazed with high fertiliser (mean 25 kg P/ha.year). Rotational grazing was implemented as either a simple '4-paddock' system (fixed rotation length), or a more intensive system where rotation length varied with pasture growth rate. Unreplicated paddocks of volunteer pasture (dominated by onion grass and annual grass weeds) receiving an average of 8 kg P/ha.year were also monitored. All treatments were stocked with spring-lambing Merino ewes. Stocking rate was an emergent property of each treatment, and was driven by pasture quality and availability. Total pasture herbage accumulation ranged from 7150 to 9750 kg DM/ha.year and was significantly lower on the set-stocked, low-fertility treatment than on all other treatments. A significant treatment.day effect in the spline analysis of herbage mass was explained by a trend toward higher pasture mass in the rotationally grazed treatments than set-stocked treatments from the break of season until mid-spring. Rotational grazing led to significantly higher phalaris herbage accumulation than set stocking (mean 3680 v. 2120 kg DM/ha.year), but significantly lower subterranean clover herbage accumulation (1440 v. 2490 kg DM/ha.year). Despite the stronger growth of deep-rooted phalaris in the rotationally grazed treatments, maximum soil water deficits at the end of summer differed only slightly between treatments, with the difference between driest and wettest treatments amounting to only 14 mm. Summer growth of phalaris was apparently insufficient to generate significant differences in soil water extraction at depth, even when phalaris content was increased by rotational grazing, and re-wetting of the soil profile occurred at a similar rate for all treatments. Rotationally grazed treatments supported higher stocking rates than set-stocked treatments at high fertiliser rates (mean 14.9 v. 13.7 ewes/ha), but apparent losses in pasture feeding value due to lower legume content under rotational grazing meant that there were few significant differences between treatments in lamb production per hectare. The experiment showed that grazing method can have a substantial and rapid effect on pasture botanical composition. There are clear opportunities for producers to use temporal and spatial combinations of set stocking and rotational grazing to manipulate herbage mass and pasture composition within broad target ranges for achieving both animal production (e.g. high per-head animal performance) and sustainability (e.g. persistence of perennial grasses) objectives. Rigid application of either set stocking or rotational grazing imposes limitations on both pasture and animal production, and neither grazing method will optimise system performance under all conditions. The experiment also demonstrated that management and land-use changes that have much greater potential to increase water use than those examined here will be needed to ensure the sustainability of pasture systems in the high rainfall zone of western Victoria.

The utilization of irrigated pastures by dairy cows. I. A comparison of rotational and strip grazing

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Strip Grazing

1. An experiment was carried out from 1 August 1953 to 31 July 1955 to compare strip grazing with rotational grazing on the basis of the total animal production obtained from dairy cattle on irrigated pasture.2. The same overall stocking rate was used for both treatments. Herbage surplus to grazing requirements at any time was conserved as hay and fed back to the appropriate group of cows at the end of the grazing season.3. The aim was to manage the area under each technique as efficiently as the technique permitted.4. The average production from the rotationally grazed group during the main pasture season of 260 days was 8740 lb. milk per acre (including 354 lb. of butterfatand 766 lb. of solids-not-fat) and from the strip-grazed group 8867 lb. milk per acre (including 358 lb. of butterfat and 766 lb. of solidsnotfat).The average weight of pasture nutrients utilized per annum by the rotationally grazed group was 5887 lb. starch equivalent per acre and by the stripgrazed group 5896 lb. starch equivalent per acre.None of the treatment differences in animal production was significant.5. The differences between the results of this experiment and those obtained by other workers are discussed.

The effect of intensity of rotational grazing with breeding ewes on phalaris-subterranean clover pastures

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
FHW Morley ◽  
D Bennett ◽  
GT McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
The One

Animal production and pasture amount and composition are presented from an experiment at Canberra in which one-, three-, and nine- subdivisions were rotationally grazed throughout the year in 1963, from December to September 1964, and from March to September in 1965, 1966, and 1967, at 20, 25, or 30 Merino ewes per hectare for three years, and at 17 ewes per hectare for a further two years. Intense subdivision resulted in pastures in which perennials, rather than the annual components, predominated. Moderate subdivision produced a pasture in which both perennials and annuals contributed substantially. Under a one-paddock (set stocked) system the annuals yielded more in spring than did perennials. Intensive subdivision favoured winter production, but resulted in less growth from pastures during spring, less dry feed in summer, and hence an increased need for supplementary feeding in years with dry autumns. The three-paddock system resulted in more winter production than the one-paddock, and about the same production in spring. Intensity of subdivision had little effect on animal production, except in increased frequency of deaths from Phalaris poisoning, some reduction in pre-lambing mortality, and increased requirement for supplementary feeding for survival. These results indicate that intensive subdivision of such pastures is unlikely to be worthwhile in environments such as that at Canberra. A moderate amount of subdivision as exemplified in a three paddock rotation, may give worthwhile increases in winter production, without the penalty of decreased spring growth.

Comparison of winter-active phalaris with the Australian cultivar under rotational grazing. 2. Dry matter on offer, pasture composition and animal production

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Culvenor ◽  
JT Wood ◽  
RN Oram
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Second Year ◽  
A Site ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Made In

Composition and amount of pasture on offer and animal productivity are presented from an experiment in which 2 'winter-active' cultivars (Sirosa, Holdfast) and a breeding population (Perla Retainer) of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) bred for rapid growth in autumn and winter were compared with the original cultivar, Australian, under rotational grazing at 15 wethersfha for 3 years at 2 sites near Canberra. A change of cultivar rank in phalaris herbage on offer occurred in winter of the second year, whereby Australian became the highest ranked cultivar, reflecting its 50-70% higher basal area and 70% higher tiller density. However, pastures of the winter-active lines had an average 30% more phalaris on offer per unit basal area and per tiller, and a larger component of other, mainly annual, grass. This resulted in total pasture on offer at least equivalent to that of Australian pastures, and possibly more herbage production in autumn and winter. Sheep on the winter-active phalaris pastures were slightly heavier on average due mainly to higher weight gains in the first half of the year. These sheep produced an average over both sites of 7% more wool than sheep on Australian pastures, the advantage being higher at a site with dense phalaris (10%, P<0.01) than at a site with shallow, coarse-textured soil and less phalaris (3.5%, P = 0.11). It was concluded that pastures of the winter-active phalaris lines can give higher wool production than pastures of Australian phalaris, but not necessarily because of higher amounts of phalaris in the pasture. Benefits in the long term would also depend on persistence. Breeders of phalaris should aim to increase yield per unit of basal area if animal production gains in the short term are to be made in this environment, but compromises may be necessary between productivity and long-term persistence.

scholarly journals GRAZING EFFECTS ON PASTURE AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION FROM OVERSOWN TUSSOCK GRASSLAND

1985 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
B.E. Allan
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Stocking Rates

Continuous stocking was compared with intermittent (two paddock) and rotational (six paddock) grazing at low, medium and high stocking rates equivalent to 1.0x, 1.5x and 2.0x conventional rates for oversown tussock country (500 mm annual rainfall). 'By the sixth year liveweight gain/ha from Merino wether hoggets was improved 26% by intermittent and rotational grazing at medium stocking rates from that at conventional stocking rates. A strong interaction was demonstrated, with advantage in liveweight gain from intermittent and rotational grazing strengthening with increasing stocking rate. Total vegetative cover (75.8%) remained unchanged. Cocksfoot increased under low stocking while ryegrass increased under high stocking. A 60% overall loss in ryegrass during 1982 was attributed to unusually low winter soil temperatures. White clover cover was affected more b y climate than by grazing. A!!hough ?here *were interim differences, herbage production by the sixth year was similar for all treatments. Keywords: Tussock country, oversown, grazing, stocking rate, subdivision, pasture development, utilisation, Merino, liveweight.

scholarly journals BEEF PRODUCTION FROM LUCERNE AND LUCERNE/PRAIRIE GRASS SWARDS ON THE PUMICE SOILS OF THE TAUPO REGION

1977 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
K. Marsh ◽  
L.F.C. Brunswick
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Stocking Rates

Lucerne and lucerne/prairie grass swards were compared at three stocking rates using yearling beef cattle. A 35 day rotational grazing system was used and the experiment ran for 130 days from early October, 1976. Pasture DM yields were higher on the mixed sward but animal production was greater on the lucerne only sward, particularly from December onwards. Increasing stocking rate tended to reduce herbage DM yield and per-animal production. There was no significant interaction between sward type and stocking rate on either sward or animal yield. Lucerne and lucerne/ prairie grass swards on pumice soil compared favourably with fertile Waikato permanent pastures in terms of carcass gain per hectare over the grazing period.

MICROBIOLOGICAL RISKS RELATED TO THE INDUSTRIAL POULTRY AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1130
Author(s):  
V.I. Fisinin ◽  
◽  
V.I. Trukhachev ◽  
I.P. Saleeva ◽  
V.Yu. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Production
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