scholarly journals Digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies and the almost fixed point property in $ DTC_k^\blacktriangle $

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 11550-11567
Author(s):  
Jeong Min Kang ◽  
◽  
Sang-Eon Han ◽  
Sik Lee ◽  
◽  
...  

<abstract><p>Given two digital images $ (X_i, k_i), i \in \{1, 2\} $, first of all we establish a new $ PN_k $-adjacency relation in a digital product $ X_1 \times X_2 $ to obtain a relation set $ (X_1 \times X_2, PN_k) $, where the term $ ''$$ PN $" means $ ''$pseudo-normal". Indeed, a $ PN $-$ k $-adjacency is softer or broader than a normal $ k $-adjacency. Next, the present paper initially develops both the notion of $ PN $-$ k $-continuity and a $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism. Furthermore, it proves that these new concepts, the $ PN $-$ k $-continuity and a $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism, need not be equal to the typical $ k $-continuity and a $ k $-isomorphism, respectively. Precisely, we prove that none of the typical $ k $-continuity (<italic>resp.</italic> typical $ k $-isomorphism) and the $ PN $-$ k $-continuity (<italic>resp.</italic> $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism) implies the other. Then we prove that for each $ i \in \{1, 2\} $, the typical projection map $ P_i: X_1 \times X_2 \to X_i $ preserves a $ PN_k $-adjacency relation in $ X_1 \times X_2 $ to the $ k_i $-adjacency relation in $ (X_i, k_i) $. In particular, using a $ PN $-$ k $-isomorphism, we can classify digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies. Furthermore, in the category of digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies and $ PN $-$ k $-continuous maps between two digital products with $ PN_k $-adjacencies, denoted by $ DTC_k^\blacktriangle $, we finally study the (almost) fixed point property of $ (X_1 \times X_2, PN_k) $.</p></abstract>

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Hazewinkel ◽  
Marcel Van De Vel

Let X be a topological space, a finite covering of X (the words ‘covering’ and ‘cover’ are used interchangeably). We say that has the almost fixed point property for a class of continuous maps f : X → X if for all there is an x ∈ X and such that x ∈ U and f(x) ∈ U, or, equivalently, if there is a such that .


Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Sang-Eon Han

Given a Khalimsky (for short, K-) topological space X, the present paper examines if there are some relationships between the contractibility of X and the existence of the fixed point property of X. Based on a K-homotopy for K-topological spaces, we firstly prove that a K-homeomorphism preserves a K-homotopy between two K-continuous maps. Thus, we obtain that a K-homeomorphism preserves K-contractibility. Besides, the present paper proves that every simple closed K-curve in the n-dimensional K-topological space, S C K n , l , n ≥ 2 , l ≥ 4 , is not K-contractible. This feature plays an important role in fixed point theory for K-topological spaces. In addition, given a K-topological space X, after developing the notion of K-contractibility relative to each singleton { x } ( ⊂ X ) , we firstly compare it with the concept of K-contractibility of X. Finally, we prove that the K-contractibility does not imply the K-contractibility relative to each singleton { x 0 } ( ⊂ X ) . Furthermore, we deal with certain conjectures involving the (almost) fixed point property in the categories KTC and KAC, where KTC (see Section 3) (resp. KAC (see Section 5)) denotes the category of K-topological (resp. KA-) spaces, KA-) spaces are subgraphs of the connectedness graphs of the K-topology on Z n .


2011 ◽  
Vol 158 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Marsh ◽  
J.R. Prajs

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wiśnicki

A Banach space X is said to have property (Sm) if every metrically convex set A ⊂ X which lies on the unit sphere and has diameter not greater than one can be (weakly) separated from zero by a functional. We show that this geometrical condition is closely connected with the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings in superreflexive spaces.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Fetter Nathansky ◽  
Enrique Llorens-Fuster

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