scholarly journals Long time strong convergence to Bose-Einstein distribution for low temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Lu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Strong Convergence ◽  
Einstein Distribution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bose Einstein

BOSE–EINSTEIN STATISTICS IN A DISCRETE SPECTRUM TRAP

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRICO CELEGHINI ◽  
MARIO RASETTI
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Discrete Spectrum ◽  
Harmonic Trap ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
The Continuum

A detailed description of the statistical properties of a system of bosons in a harmonic trap at low temperature, which is expected to bear on the process of BE condensation, is given resorting only to the basic postulates of Gibbs and Bose, without assuming equipartition nor continuum statistics. Below Tc such discrete spectrum theory predicts for the thermo-dynamical variables a behavior different from the continuum case. In particular a new critical temperature Td emerges where the specific heat exhibits a λ-like spike.

Effect of Low-Temperature Long-Time Thermal Processing of Beef-Cuts on the Survival of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO O. MASANA ◽  
NORBERTO A. FONDEVILA ◽  
MARIA M. GALLINGER ◽  
JORGE A. LASTA ◽  
H. RICARDO RODRIGUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Commercial Process

We determined the virucidal effectiveness against foot-and-mouth disease virus of the low-temperature long-time cooking of virus-contaminated semitendinosus muscle (ST). Of the 11 time and temperature combinations examined, over a range of 63°C to 75°C for extended periods, the respective processing conditions of 71°C for 10.66 h and 75°C for 5.75 h were virucidal. Samples cooked under these temperature-time combinations were more tender (P<0.01) and had better overall acceptability (P<0.05) than beef cuts cooked by conventional commercial processes currently used in Argentina for meat to be exported. Product yields were increased from 60% for the commercial process to 67.8% or 68.6%, respectively, for the two virucidal thermal processes.

Combined effects of aging and low temperature, long time heating on pork toughness

Meat Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjie Li ◽  
Renchao Ma ◽  
Jinfeng Pan ◽  
Xinping Lin ◽  
Xiuping Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Effects Of Aging

scholarly journals Stimulated emission of relic gravitons and their super-Poissonian statistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (23) ◽  
pp. 1950185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Giovannini
Keyword(s):  
Coherent State ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Einstein Distribution ◽  
Hubble Radius ◽  
Initial States ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Final Degree ◽  
Poissonian Statistics

The degree of second-order coherence of the relic gravitons produced from the vacuum is super-Poissonian and larger than in the case of a chaotic source characterized by a Bose–Einstein distribution. If the initial state does not minimize the tensor Hamiltonian and has a dispersion smaller than its averaged multiplicity, the overall statistics is by definition sub-Poissonian. Depending on the nature of the sub-Poissonian initial state, the final degree of second-order coherence of the quanta produced by stimulated emission may diminish (possibly even below the characteristic value of a chaotic source) but it always remains larger than one (i.e. super-Poissonian). When the initial statistics is Poissonian (like in the case of a coherent state or for a mixed state weighted by a Poisson distribution) the degree of second-order coherence of the produced gravitons is still super-Poissonian. Even though the quantum origin of the relic gravitons inside the Hubble radius can be effectively disambiguated by looking at the corresponding Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations, the final distributions caused by different initial states maintain their super-Poissonian character which cannot be altered.

scholarly journals A strategy to speed up formation and strengthen activity of biofilms at low temperature

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (37) ◽  
pp. 22788-22796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huizhi Hu ◽  
Junguo He ◽  
Huarong Yu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Speed Up

The start-up period of biofilm reactors often takes a long time to obtain a mature and stable biofilm, especially at low temperature.

scholarly journals Temperature dependence of the dielectric function and critical points of α-SnS from 27 to 350 K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Tung Nguyen ◽  
Van Long Le ◽  
Thi Minh Hai Nguyen ◽  
Tae Jung Kim ◽  
Xuan Au Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Dielectric Function ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Phonon Interaction ◽  
Electron Phonon Interaction ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Exciton Effect ◽  
Bose Einstein ◽  
Temperature Gradient Method

Abstract We report the temperature dependence of the dielectric function ε = ε1 + iε2 and critical point (CP) energies of biaxial α-SnS in the spectral energy region from 0.74 to 6.42 eV and temperatures from 27 to 350 K using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Bulk SnS was grown by temperature gradient method. Dielectric response functions were obtained using multilayer calculations to remove artifacts due to surface roughness. We observe sharpening and blue-shifting of CPs with decreasing temperature. A strong exciton effect is detected only in the armchair direction at low temperature. New CPs are observed at low temperature that cannot be detected at room temperature. The temperature dependences of the CP energies were determined by fitting the data to the phenomenological expression that contains the Bose–Einstein statistical factor and the temperature coefficient for describing the electron–phonon interaction.

scholarly journals The influence of difference temperature against the rate of embryonic development and larval abnormality of Cantik Grouper (Epinephelus sp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Aprisianus Julkarman Simbolon ◽  
Ganjar Adhywirawan Sutarjo ◽  
Hariyadi Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Difference Temperature ◽  
F 31

Cantikgrouper is the hybridization results grouper or cross-breeding between Epinephelus fuscoguttatus as a female and Epinephelus microdon as a male. The main barriers faced in the development of this commodity is still low levels of spawning up to seeding grouper. Based on the background, this study aimed to investigate optimum temperature observations against the rate of embryonic development Epinephelus sp.larvae. This study used the results of artificial spawning eggs.The fertilized eggs were incubated on six pieces of the container temperature treatment;each treatment there was repeated three times.The incubation temperature was kept on (A) 21-22°C; (B) 23-24°C; (C) 25-26°C; (D) 27-28°C; (E) 29-30°C; (F) 31-32°C. Results showed that eggswere incubated at a temperature of 21-22 ℃ embryonic development to a halt in the blastula, and temperature 23-24°C stalled on phasemyomere embryos. The low-temperature incubation period lasts a long time. Temperature 25-26°C needed 18 hours 6 minutes by 8.33% abnormality rate. Temperature 27-28°C needed 16 hours to hatch witha degree of abnormality of 7.6%. Temperature 29-30°C needed 15 hours 1 minute for the hatch tothe degree of abnormality of 5.33%. The 31-32°C temperature needed 14 hours 6 minutes to hatch witha degree of abnormality of 17.3%. The limits of tolerance for the incubation of the eggs ofcantik grouper (Epinephelusspp.) were 26-32°C.The best temperature of each treatment were obtained at a temperature of 29-30°C. Based on our results, it concluded that the changing temperature affected how long eggs could hatch.

scholarly journals On Boundedness of Entropy of Photon Gas in Noncommutative Spacetime

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Ashraful Alam ◽  
Mir Mehedi Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Distribution Function ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Partition Function ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Einstein Distribution ◽  
Entropy Bound ◽  
Photon Gas ◽  
Noncommutative Spacetime ◽  
Bose Einstein

Entropy bound for the photon gas in a noncommutative (NC) spacetime where phase space is with compact spatial momentum space, previously studied by Nozari et al., has been reexamined with the correct distribution function. While Nozari et al. have employed Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function to investigate thermodynamic properties of photon gas, we have employed the correct distribution function, that is, Bose-Einstein distribution function. No such entropy bound is observed if Bose-Einstein distribution is employed to solve the partition function. As a result, the reported analogy between thermodynamics of photon gas in such NC spacetime and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes should be disregarded.

Experimental study of low-temperature long-time relaxation in epoxy resin

1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koláč ◽  
B. S. Neganov ◽  
A. Sahling ◽  
S. Sahling
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Time Relaxation ◽  
Long Time
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