scholarly journals Economic and environmental packaging sustainability: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván González Boubeta ◽  
Mar Fernández Vázquez ◽  
Pablo Domínguez Caamaño ◽  
José Carlos Prado Prado
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Process Cost ◽  
Packaging Strategy ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyze the suitability of the packaging strategy of an important Spanish agro-food company, regarding to economic and environmental sustainability.Design/methodology/approach: Three different types of packaging are analyzed to obtain a diagnostic of the initial situation. In this process, cost and carbon footprint are calculated in order to measure the economic and environmental impacts, respectively. Then, a new packaging allocation logic is proposed with the aim of improving both aspects.Findings: The results show that the carbon footprint is strongly and positively affected by the cost reduction, showing the viability of a win-win relationship between both aspects.Research limitations/implications: The strength of this win-win relationship may be conditioned by the input values considered in this case study. Conversion factors used to calculate carbon footprint vary a lot among researchers, showing the need of standardization in this topic.Practical implications: Since the existence of a positive relationship between economic and environmental sustainability has been demonstrated, organizations should find this kind of situations in themselves to satisfy their own stakeholders.Originality/value: This article shows the potential of unite waste elimination with eco-friendly activities with the aim of increasing the competitiveness of companies. This paper also contributes to the knowledge of economic and environmental sustainability and reinforces theoretical aspects, paving the way for further research on these topics.

scholarly journals Game-Theoretic Decision Support for Cyber Forensic Investigations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5300
Author(s):  
Antonia Nisioti ◽  
George Loukas ◽  
Stefan Rass ◽  
Emmanouil Panaousis
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Bayesian Games ◽  
Bayesian Game ◽  
Cyber Forensics ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Cost

The use of anti-forensic techniques is a very common practice that stealthy adversaries may deploy to minimise their traces and make the investigation of an incident harder by evading detection and attribution. In this paper, we study the interaction between a cyber forensic Investigator and a strategic Attacker using a game-theoretic framework. This is based on a Bayesian game of incomplete information played on a multi-host cyber forensics investigation graph of actions traversed by both players. The edges of the graph represent players’ actions across different hosts in a network. In alignment with the concept of Bayesian games, we define two Attacker types to represent their ability of deploying anti-forensic techniques to conceal their activities. In this way, our model allows the Investigator to identify the optimal investigating policy taking into consideration the cost and impact of the available actions, while coping with the uncertainty of the Attacker’s type and strategic decisions. To evaluate our model, we construct a realistic case study based on threat reports and data extracted from the MITRE ATT&CK STIX repository, Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), and interviews with cyber-security practitioners. We use the case study to compare the performance of the proposed method against two other investigative methods and three different types of Attackers.

scholarly journals GESTÃO DE CUSTOS E ENERGIA: EVIDÊNCIAS, OPORTUNIDADES E RESULTADOS OBTIDOS EM UM CASO CONCRETO

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Nilmaer Souza da Silva ◽  
César Daltóe Berci
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Organizational Costs

The acquisition of electricity in the Free Contracting Environment -FCE -is a consolidated alternative of cost reduction, since it allows the previous contracting of the energy to be consumed at a freely negotiated price among market players.The objective of this study was to demonstrate, through a case study, how the acquisition of electric energy in the FCEcan help reduce organizational costs and generate significant economic results.Methodologically, it was an explanatory research, with quanti-qualitative approach, whose instruments of data collection were the bibliographical research and documentary analysis coming from a case study. The analysis of the data occurred through electronic spreadsheets, graphics, and, finally, content and comparative analysis. The results demonstrate the cost reduction, of theR$ 5,000,000.00 (fivemillion “reais”),a lower payback in less than two months, and also an Internal Rate of Return -IRR -of 365%.

scholarly journals Analysis on carbon footprint: A case study of Gorkhapatra national daily in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Anukram Sharma ◽  
Khem N Poudyal ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Cost

Study of carbon footprint is an emerging field which provides statistical analysis about the contribution of an activity on global climate change. Every human activity in daily life is achieved at the expense of those substances which directly or indirectly contribute to global warming. In this era of global communication, humans are habitual to know about the ongoing changes in the world. Newspapers are one of the reliable sources for getting updated about the global information. Paper-based newspapers come at the cost of greenhouse gas emissions. So, this article based upon an analysis of carbon footprint of Nepal’s national daily newspaper provides evaluation of each of the following: carbon emission during the manufacturing of raw materials, carbon emission from fuel consumption during transportation of raw materials, carbon emissions during the printing of newspaper and carbon emission from the fuel consumption during the transportation of printed newspaper. During the study period of 2019 A.D., the result shows that the total carbon emission of Gorkhapatra newspaper was found to be 2308.5 kg CO2e per ton. The upshot of this study provides not only thorough information about carbon emissions but also builds a foundation for calculation of carbon emissions from paper used in various sectors.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE PURCHASING PORTFOLIO MODEL – A JUST-IN-SEQUENCE APPROACH INCREASING MANUFACTURING EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
János Juhász ◽  
Tamás Dr. Bányai
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Manufacturing Efficiency ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technology Processes ◽  
Model Approach

Just-in-sequence supply solutions are highly searched problems of the scheduling the manufacturing and logistics resources. The cost reduction, efficiency and capacity utilization are based on the controlled and designed parameters of the participants' supply processes and services. To increase logistic operations and other services in supply chain’s inventory activities, the optimization of the supply process is unavoidable. The aim of this article to measure the efficiency of the supply chain’s inventory activities in manufacturing technology processes. Based on the results of the application of our ABC-XYZ model approach to defines the importance of product values in the inventory management systems. The case study and computational results validate the matrix model and evaluates its efforts to renewing manufacturing and delivery processes's efficiency in inventory strartegies based on just-in-sequence strategy.

Multi-Objective Optimizer for Multimodal Distribution Networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 330-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Gamberi ◽  
Marco Bortolini ◽  
Francesco Pilati ◽  
Alberto Regattieri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
The Cost

A multi-objective optimizer Decision Support System (DSS) to minimize the operating cost, the carbon footprint and the delivery time in the design of multi-modal Distribution Networks (DNs) is presented to overcome the widely adopted methodologies focused on the cost minimization, only. The proposed approach simultaneously assesses three independent objective functions, evaluating the network costs, the Carbon Footprint (CO2 emissions) and the shipping time from the producers to the final retailers. The DSS manages multimodal four-level (three-stage) DNs, best connecting the producers to the final retailers, through a set of Distribution Centres (DCs). It allows multiple transport modes and inter-modality options looking to the most effective DN configuration from the introduced multi-objective perspective. The three optimization criteria can be considered independently or solved simultaneously, through the so-called Pareto frontier approach. Finally, the proposed DSS is validated against a case study about the delivery of Italian fresh food to several European retailers.

scholarly journals The Potential of Carbon Footprint Reduction of a Mid-Rise Residential Building in Sarawak

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurdiyanah Yaman ◽  
Ahmad Faiz Abd Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Cost Implication ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint Reduction

Carbon emission is released into the atmosphere as the result of various activities due to rapid urbanisation and thus contributed to global warming and climate change. The government has taken various initiatives to reduce the impact, including from the construction industry in order to support the carbon footprint reduction of 40% as pledged by the Prime Minister. Various strategies, such as the Malaysian Carbon Reduction and Environmental Sustainability Tool (MyCREST), have been established to promote green building development in Malaysia. Recent studies suggested that the selection of sustainable materials can reduce the overall carbon emission of a building, but the cost has been identified as the main barriers. This paper aims to analyse the potential of carbon footprint reduction by using sustainable material in mid-rise residential building and subsequently to evaluate the cost implication. The impact of the conventional and the selected sustainable materials was assessed using data from the MyCREST tool while the data for cost analysis were taken from various sources of cost data such as JKR Rates online (RATOL), JKR Sarawak Schedule of Rates (SOR), and previous research. The results show that the sustainable materials such as 30% of Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) concrete mixture, Aerated Autoclaved Concrete (AAC) block, and recycled steel roof truss has the potential to reduce the carbon emission. The findings also show that sustainable materials are slightly cheaper than the conventional materials except for the AAC block and clay roof tiles. Therefore, the potential of carbon emission reduction approach by using MyCREST as a guideline tool can assist in the reduction of the environmental impact of buildings.Keywords: Carbon emission, sustainable building materials, cost implication.

Rational or Confused Polluters? Evidence from Hazardous Waste Compliance

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Environmental Compliance ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
Compliance Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAlthough most models of environmental compliance are based on a variation of the rational polluter model, regulated entities may not always intentionally decide to violate based on the relative costs and benefits of doing so. According to the complexity critique, a significant amount of noncompliance may be the result of ignorance about the requirements of the law. Using hazardous waste regulations as a case study, this paper examines the role that rationality and complexity play in environmental compliance. The results suggest that both are necessary to explain hazardous waste compliance behavior. In support of the rational polluter model, the results show that factors which increase the cost of compliance also increase the likelihood of a violation while factors that increase the likelihood of inspections and detection decrease the probability of a violation. In support of the complexity critique, the results show that larger facilities and facilities of multi-plant companies are less likely to violate, while facilities that are subject to more complex regulations are more likely to violate. Also in support of the complexity critique, facilities learn from past inspections and facilities in states with programs directed toward reducing complexity are less likely to violate. This mixed support holds across various subgroup of facilities, although there does appear to be some difference in the factors that contribute to different types of violations. In particular, non-management violations appear to be driven less by a rational comparison of the costs and benefits of violations than by the complexity of regulations.

scholarly journals A Methodological Proposal for Corporate Carbon Footprint and Its Application to a Wine-Producing Company in Galicia, Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Carballo Penela ◽  
María do Carme García-Negro ◽  
Juan Luís Doménech Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Corporate Carbon Footprint

Corporate carbon footprint (CCFP) is one of the most widely used indicators to synthesise environmental impacts on a corporate scale. We present a methodological proposal for CCFP calculation on the basis of the “method composed of financial accounts” abbreviated as MC3, considering the Spanish version “metodo compuesto de las cuentas contables”. The main objective is to describe how this method and the main outputs obtained work. This latter task is fulfilled with a practical case study, where we estimate the carbon footprint of a wine-producing company for the year 2006. Results show the origin of impacts generated, providing this firm with disaggregated information on the contribution to its CCFP of each one of its activities and consumptions.

scholarly journals Business Integration as a Service

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chang ◽  
Robert John Walters ◽  
Gary Wills
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

This paper presents Business Integration as a Service (BIaS) which enables connections between services operating in the Cloud. BIaS integrates different services and business activities to achieve a streamline process. The authors illustrate this integration using two services; Return on Investment (ROI) Measurement as a Service (RMaaS) and Risk Analysis as a Service (RAaaS) in two case studies at the University of Southampton and Vodafone/Apple. The University of Southampton case study demonstrates the cost-savings and the risk analysis achieved, so two services can work as a single service. The Vodafone/Apple case study illustrates statistical analysis and 3D Visualisation of expected revenue and associated risk. These two cases confirm the benefits of BIaS adoption, including cost reduction and improvements in efficiency and risk analysis. Implementation of BIaS in other organisations is also discussed. Important data arising from the integration of RMaaS and RAaaS are useful for management of University of Southampton and potential and current investors for Vodafone/Apple.

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