Artifical MicroRNA Mediated Gene Silencing of Phytophthora infestans Single Effector Avr3a Gene Imparts Moderate Type of Late Blight Resistance in Potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Thakur ◽  
Suman Sanju ◽  
Sundaresha Siddappa ◽  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Pradeep K. Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Single Effector

scholarly journals Virulence of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potato in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Jose Ignacio Ruiz de Galarreta ◽  
Alba Alvarez-Morezuelas ◽  
Nestor Alor ◽  
Leire Barandalla ◽  
Enrique Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Incompatibility Reactions

The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is responsible for the disease known as late blight in potato and tomato. It is the plant pathogen that has caused the greatest impact on humankind so far and, despite all the studies that have been made, it remains the most important in this crop. In Spain during the last years a greater severity of the disease has been observed in both, potato and tomato, probably due to genetic changes in pathogen populations described recently. The aim of this study was the characterization of the physiological strains of 52 isolates of P. infestans obtained in different potato-growing areas in Spain. For this purpose, inoculations on detached leaves were performed in order to determine compatibility or incompatibility reactions. A total of 17 physiological races were found. The less frequent virulence factors were Avr5 and Avr8. By studying the epidemiology of the pathogen, a specific breeding program for late blight resistance can be implemented.

scholarly journals Competition between Phytophthora infestans Effectors Leads to Increased Aggressiveness on Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e10536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Halterman ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Jiraphan Sopee ◽  
Julio Berduo-Sandoval ◽  
Amilcar Sánchez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance

Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23 in Potato Cultivars and Its Relationship with Early Blight Resistance and Tuber Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiya Xue ◽  
Kathleen G. Haynes ◽  
Xinshun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Progress Curve

Resistance to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23, in 217 old and modern potato cultivars was evaluated in field trials in 2016 and 2017 in Pennsylvania. Significant differences in resistance were found among these cultivars (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between cultivars and environments was found (P < 0.0001). The values of relative area under the disease progress curve ranged from 0 to 0.5841 in 2016 and from 0 to 0.5469 in 2017. Broad-sense heritability of late blight resistance was estimated to be 0.91 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88 to 0.93. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into 5 groups: resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Thirty cultivars showing resistance and 32 cultivars showing moderate resistance were identified. The 217 cultivars were also evaluated for foliar maturity, tuber yield and resistance to early blight, caused by Alternaria solani. A few cultivars with late blight resistance independent of late maturity were found. Late blight resistance and early blight resistance were positively correlated, and 17 cultivars possessed resistance to both diseases. Yield tradeoff associated with late blight resistance was not observed among the cultivars in the absence of disease pressure.

STUDIES ON FERTILITY AND LATE BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOLANUM BULBOCASTANUM DUN. IN MEXICO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Graham ◽  
J. S. Niederhauser ◽  
Leopoldo Servin
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Mexican Isolate

Solanum balbocastanum Dun. was collected extensively throughout its range in Mexico and Guatemala. Experimental self- and cross-pollinations showed that the species is highly self-sterile and consists of cross-sterile and cross-fertile individuals. Self-sterility may be due to the presence of incompatibility factors or to triploidy. Authentic hybrids were produced between S. bulbocastanum and S. trifidum Correll, and between S. bulbocastanum and S. pinnatisectum Dun.After inoculation with race 1.2.3.4 of Phytophthora infestans three types of reaction were observed among 1148 seedlings of S. bulbocastanum: immunity with no perceptible lesions, resistance expressed by non-sporulating lesions of the hypersensitive type, and susceptibility indicated by large sporulating necrotic lesions. Seedlings resistant to an isolate of race 1.2.3.4 of Canadian origin did not always show the same level of resistance to a Mexican isolate of the same race. Varying degrees of field resistance were observed among seedling plants, while tuber-propagated plants were generally field immune. Solanum bulbocastanum is considered a mixture of resistant and susceptible genotypes.

scholarly journals Expression of the Potato Late Blight Resistance Gene Rpi-phu1 and Phytophthora infestans Effectors in the Compatible and Incompatible Interactions in Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Sylwester Sobkowiak ◽  
Marta Brylińska ◽  
Jadwiga Śliwka
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Additional Resistance

This study describes late blight resistance of potato breeding lines resulting from crosses between cultivar ‘Sárpo Mira’ and Rpi-phu1 gene donors. The progeny is investigated for the presence of Rpi-Smira1 and Rpi-phu1 resistance (R) genes. Interestingly, in detached-leaflet tests, plants with both R genes withstood the infection of the Phytophthora infestans isolate virulent to each gene separately, due to either interaction of these genes or the presence of additional resistance loci. The interaction was studied further in three chosen breeding lines on the transcriptional level. The Rpi-phu1 expression, measured over 5 days, revealed different patterns depending on the outcome of the interaction with P. infestans: it increased in infected plants whereas it remained low and stable when infection was unsuccessful. The expression patterns of P. infestans effectors Avr-vnt1, AvrSmira1, and Avr8, recognized by the Rpi-phu1, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2 genes, respectively, were evaluated in the same experimental setup. This is the first report that the Avr-vnt1 effector expression is not switched off permanently in virulent isolates to avoid recognition by an R protein but can reappear in a postbiotrophic phase and is present constantly when infecting plants without the corresponding R gene. Both a plant and a pathogen can react to the other interacting side by changing the transcript accumulation of R genes or effectors.

scholarly journals Resistance to Phytophthora Infestans in Three Solanum Nigrum F3 Families

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Śliwka ◽  
Iga Tomczyńska ◽  
Marcin Chmielarz ◽  
Emil Stefańczyk ◽  
Renata Lebecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Complex Inheritance

AbstractSolanum nigrumis a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a fewSolanaceaespecies native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host forPhytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.),S. nigrumcan suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistantS. nigrumgenotypes have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2plants and 15 F3lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3lines, originating from crosses between a susceptible and three different resistantS. nigrumaccessions followed by two self-pollinations. Parental accessions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48P. infestansisolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance toP. infestans. Laboratory detached leaf assays were performed in two dates and two replications of three leaves each. Segregation of the trait within the line allowed us to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible homozygotes was 1:2:1, indicating that a single gene is most likely underlying the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.

scholarly journals Testing Taxonomic Predictivity of Foliar and Tuber Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Wild Relatives of Potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khiutti ◽  
D. M. Spooner ◽  
S. H. Jansky ◽  
D. A. Halterman
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Tuber Resistance ◽  
Solanum Spp ◽  
Wild Solanum

Potato late blight, caused by the oomycete phytopathogen Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease found in potato-growing regions worldwide. Long-term management strategies to control late blight include the incorporation of host resistance to predominant strains. However, due to rapid genetic changes within pathogen populations, rapid and recurring identification and integration of novel host resistance traits is necessary. Wild relatives of potato offer a rich source of desirable traits, including late blight resistance, but screening methods can be time intensive. We tested the ability of taxonomy, ploidy, crossing group, breeding system, and geography to predict the presence of foliar and tuber late blight resistance in wild Solanum spp. Significant variation for resistance to both tuber and foliar late blight was found within and among species but there was no discernable predictive power based on taxonomic series, clade, ploidy, breeding system, elevation, or geographic location. We observed a moderate but significant correlation between tuber and foliar resistance within species. Although previously uncharacterized sources of both foliar and tuber resistance were identified, our study does not support an assumption that taxonomic or geographic data can be used to predict sources of late blight resistance in wild Solanum spp.

New Findings on the Resistance Mechanism of an Elite Diploid Wild Potato Species JAM1-4 in Response to a Super Race Strain of Phytophthora infestans

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375-1387
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zheng ◽  
Shaoguang Duan ◽  
Miles R. Armstrong ◽  
Yanfeng Duan ◽  
Jianfei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Potato Disease ◽  
New Findings

Late blight is a devastating potato disease worldwide, caused by Phytophthora infestans. The P. infestans strain 2013-18-306 from Yunnan is a “supervirulent race” that overcomes all 11 known late blight resistance genes (R1 to R11) from Solanum demissum. In a previous study, we identified a diploid wild-type potato JAM1-4 (S. jamesii) with high resistance to 2013-18-306. dRenSeq analysis indicated the presence of novel R genes in JAM1-4. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the late blight resistance response genes and defense regulatory mechanisms of JAM1-4 against 2013-18-306. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that many disease-resistant pathways were significantly enriched. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed an active disease resistance mechanism of JAM1-4, and the essential role of multiple signal transduction pathways and secondary metabolic pathways comprised of SA-JA-ET in plant immunity. We also found that photosynthesis in JAM1-4 was inhibited to promote the immune response. Our study reveals the pattern of resistance-related gene expression in response to a super race strain of potato late blight and provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of potato disease resistance mechanisms, discovery of new late blight resistance genes, and disease resistance breeding.

Late blight resistance status in wild potato species against Indian population of Phytophthora infestans

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Bhardwaj ◽  
Dalamu ◽  
A.K. Srivastava ◽  
Sanjeev Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Wild Potato ◽  
Wild Potato Species ◽  
Potato Species
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