Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Nitrogen Fixing Marine Bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thavasi . ◽  
S. Jayalakshmi . ◽  
T. Balasubramanian . ◽  
Ibrahim M. Banat .
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing

Application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and poultry droppings for enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted-soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
V.C Wokem ◽  
E.D. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Enhanced Bioremediation ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The exploration, production and refining of crude oil has led to severe environmental degradation in the oil producing communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Enhanced bioremediation of tropical rainforest soil artificially polluted with crude oil, bioaugmented with nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and biostimulated with poultry droppings was carried out ex situ. Soil sample was collected at 15cm depth from tropical rainforest soil of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The NFB was isolated from roots of leguminous plant Arachis hypogea, identified as Nitrobacter species. Bioaugmentation by application of NFB served as option A, option B (biostimulation by application of poultry droppings), option C (No amendment) served as the control. Bioremediation was monitored for 28 days for interval of 14 days, and determined using the percentage ratio of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) losses for each period to TPH at initial day (day zero). Results of total culturable heterotrophic bacterial (TCHB) counts showed that highest range in option B (1.9×104- 2.4×109Cfu/g) than in option A (7.8×106 -2.29×107Cfu/g) and C (6.75×106 -2.6×107Cfu/g) respectively. Similarly, hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB) counts had higher range in option B (1.20×105 - 1.9×107Cfu/g) than in option A (8.30×104 - 2.30×105Cfu/g) and option C control (4.3×104 −1.69×105 Cfu/g) respectively. Changes in physicochemical parameters during the study showed reductions in nitrate, phosphate and TPH in all the options expect pH which showed slight increase in option C (6.20-6.24). Characterization and identification for bacteria revealed the following HUB genera Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Staphylocuccus and Nitrobacter). The percentage losses in TPH from gas chromatography (GC) results showed the following; option A (44.24%) option B (61.08%) and option C - control (27.28%) respectively. The results from this study showed that option B, the application of poultry droppings as biostimulant was more efficient than the application of NFB in enhanced bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil, hence the use of poultry droppings which is available as organic waste, eco-friendly and cost-effective is recommended asbiostimulant for enhanced bioremediation in environmental cleanup of crude oil impacted-sites of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Key Words: Bioremediation, Crude oil polluted-soil, Biostimulation, Bioaugumentation, Poultry droppings, Nitrogen fixing bacteria.

Ultrastructure of two species of oil-degrading marine bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Atlas ◽  
C. E. Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Marine Agar ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Presence And Absence

Two species of marine bacteria with the ability to degrade crude oil were compared ultrastructurally after growing in the presence and absence of oil. Large electron-dense inclusions, which were located predominantly at the cell terminus, characterized species of Flavobacterium and Brevibacterium when growing on oil. Cells of Flavobacterium sp. had smaller inclusions when grown on marine agar, while inclusion bodies were not found in Brevibacterium sp. grown on marine agar. Sudan black B staining indicated the inclusions are stored lipids.

Influence of Zeolites On The Degradation of Arabian Light Crude Oil

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
J. R. Bergueiro ◽  
A. Pita ◽  
M. A. Mayol ◽  
M. Rallo ◽  
J. López-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similar Sample

ABSTRACT The authors have studied the biodegradation of an Arabian Light crude oil in sterile marine water by the CUES229 marine bacteria and the BIOLEN IG30 biologic activator, both in the presence and the absence of zeolites. Two different types of zeolites, a natural one (NZ) and an artificial one (Zestek56), were used to degrade the crude in the first experiment, arising a 20% increment in the degradation in the presence of natural zeolite when compared with a similar sample without zeolites, and a 9% in the artificial zeolite. Next set of experiment were made using reactors filled with 250 g of sea water and 0.02 g of zeolite and injecting CUES 229 bacteria up to 108 cells/ml. Samples were introduced in a shaker at 110 rpm and with regulated temperature at 30-C. Time evolution of the biodegradation was deduced from gas chromatography at the time intervals 1; 7 and 15 days. Later, a similar experiment, but with BIOLEN IG30, was also made. Biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons was observed –after 15 days- until the C14 fractions, using zeolites plus Biolen IG30, and until the C18 fractions, using zeolite plus CUES 229 bacteria.

The hydrogen cycle in nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum

Biochimie ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Walker ◽  
M. Geoffrey Yates
Keyword(s):  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Hydrogen Cycle

The growth of nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum in continuous culture under intense aeration

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hine ◽  
H. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Intense Aeration

Azotobacter chroococcum (ATCC 7493) was grown in continuous culture with intense vortex aeration (stirring rate 1750 rpm) with up to 50% O2 in the gas phase. Under these conditions the dissolved O2 generally remained at zero while the cell growth rose to about twice the normally accepted value. The meaning of the term "O2-limitation" in N2-fixing A. chroococcum cultures is critically examined.

l-Glutamic acid induced the colonization of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing strain Ac63 (Azotobacter chroococcum) in roots of Amaranthus tricolor

2020 ◽  
Vol 451 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 357-370
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Wang ◽  
Jun-Feng Wang ◽  
Zhi-Min Xu ◽  
Shao-Hua She ◽  
Jun-Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor

scholarly journals Extracellular Polysaccharides of Rhodococcus rhodochrous S-2 Stimulate the Degradation of Aromatic Components in Crude Oil by Indigenous Marine Bacteria

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2337-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Michio Sunairi ◽  
Makoto Urai ◽  
Chiaki Itoh ◽  
Hiroshi Anzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Rhodococcus Rhodochrous ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT Rhodococcus rhodochrous S-2 produces extracellular polysaccharides (S-2 EPS) containing d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, and lipids, which is important to the tolerance of this strain to an aromatic fraction of (AF) Arabian light crude oil (N. Iwabuchi, N. Sunairi, H. Anzai, M. Nakajima, and S. Harayama, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:5073-5077, 2000). In the present study, we examined the effects of S-2 EPS on the growth of indigenous marine bacteria on AF. Indigenous bacteria did not grow significantly in seawater containing AF even when nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron nutrients were supplemented. The addition of S-2 EPS to seawater containing nutrients and AF resulted in the emulsification of AF, promotion of the growth of indigenous bacteria, and enhancement of the degradation of AF by the bacteria. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses show that addition of S-2 EPS to the seawater containing nutrients and AF changed the composition of the bacterial populations in the seawater and that bacteria closely related to the genus Cycloclasticus became the major population. These results suggest that Cycloclasticus was responsible for the degradation of hydrocarbons in AF. The effects of 15 synthetic surfactants on the degradation of AF by indigenous marine bacteria were also examined, but enhancement of the degradation of AF was not significant. S-2 EPS was hence the most effective of the surfactants tested in promoting the biodegradation of AF and may thus be an attractive agent to use in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated marine environments.

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