Synergistic Relationship of Bacterial Blight and Anthracnose Disease Pathogen in Cassava Multiple Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.N. Fokunang . ◽  
A.G.O. Dixon . ◽  
T. Ikotun .
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synergistic Relationship

scholarly journals Assessing the synergistic relationship of mycorrhiza and bacteria for the degradation of spent engine oil in maize grown soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayokunle Samuel Bolaji ◽  
Mojeed Olaide Liasu ◽  
Abiodun Ayanfemi Ayandele ◽  
John Ayobami Amao
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Spent Engine Oil ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synergistic Relationship

scholarly journals Absorptive Routines and the Economic Impact of Incremental Innovations: Developing Continuous Improvement Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Rocío González-Sánchez ◽  
Eva Pelechano-Barahona ◽  
Sara Alonso-Muñoz ◽  
Fernando E. García-Muiña
Keyword(s):  
Specific Model ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Complex Knowledge ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synergistic Relationship ◽  
Minor Improvement

The important influence that incremental innovation has, both on the organization’s results and on the development of disruptive innovations in a synergistic relationship of positive sum, makes it necessary to deepen its study. In the context of absorptive capacity, this paper aims to contribute to the construction of a specific model of routines for more efficient exploitation. The empirical study was carried out in a sample of Spanish manufacturing companies of the PITEC Panel. The results show the superiority of the market as a source of knowledge compared to other sources with more complex knowledge, but not adjusted to the needs of a minor improvement. In addition, the management of external knowledge is a process whose phases are interrelated, so the routines and resources used must contribute to enriching the external knowledge previously acquired and not be redundant. Therefore, that would mean an inefficient allocation of resources for obtaining and exploiting continuous innovation.

scholarly journals Avirulence gene based RFLP and rep-PCR distinguish the genetic variation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes in Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahbubul Haque ◽  
Md. Mostafa Masud ◽  
Samrin Bashar ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Md. Zahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Repeat Domain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pcr Techniques

Bacterial blight (BB) caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the devastating diseases of rice mostly in Asia. Genomes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae is highly variable due to rearrangement of the large contents of transposable elements and dynamic changes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae population regulated efficiency of the control measures used for BB management of rice worldwide. In this study, genetic variation of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes of Bangladesh was studied using aviruelnce gene based RFLP and rep-PCR techniques aimed to formulate pathogen targeted effective control measures against BB of rice. Eight pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae field isolates were identified based on their reactions against 10 Near Isogenic Lines (NILs). Among eight pathotypes, pathotypes IV and V contained higher number of isolates which were 30.13% and 23.01% respectively while pathotype VIII revealed as minimum containing only 2.51% of total isolates. These eight pathotypes were studied for their genetic variation by RFLP using avrBs3 repeat domain as probe. The results conceded that Bangladeshi X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains seem carrying a minimum of two and maximum of nine avrBs3 family genes homologs. The resistance phenotype on IRBB7 and IRBB10 NILs also indicated presence of two major avrBs3 family genes viz. avrxa7 and avrXa10 in some pathotypes. Relationship of phylogenicity exhibited that X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes assorted into two RFLP haplotypes as well as these haplotypes are largely distributed in Bangladesh. Phylogenetic analyses carried out by (REP, ERIC), rep-PCR and BOX depicted the presence of two main molecular haplotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes. The relationship between pathotypes and molecular haplotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in Bangladesh indicated that the same lineage possesses different pathotypes and different lineage possesses different pathotypes. The results indicated that eight different pathotypes might have originated from common inherited haplotypes with a wide genetic variation.

scholarly journals The main directions in the implementation of organic agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 05003
Author(s):  
N.P. Zuev ◽  
N.N. Shvetsov ◽  
Y.P. Breslavets ◽  
V.A. Shumsky ◽  
Y.P. Masalykina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synergistic Relationship ◽  
Synthetic Growth

Measures for the introduction of organic agriculture, along with the use of appropriate techniques in agriculture, imply the rejection of the use of chemical-synthetic growth regulators or hormones; limited, strictly tied to the area, livestock; feeding animals, if possible, with their own feed, minimum purchase of feed and avoiding antibiotics. However, there is currently no way to permanently stop using antibiotics. Therefore, a gradual decrease in doses, frequency and timing of their application is relevant. The work is devoted to the implementation of this direction. A synergistic relationship of gentamicin and tylosin was established with an increase in the efficiency of using the created composite preparation with a decrease in the dose and the possibility of the formation of drug-resistant populations of bacteria - causative agents of animal diseases.

scholarly journals Interpret The Synergistic Mechanism of Shenfu Decoction in Treating Sick Sinus Syndrome From the Perspective of Systematic Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihua Li ◽  
Zhiyun Luo ◽  
Yupeng Chen ◽  
Kexin Wang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Sick Sinus Syndrome ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Synergistic Relationship

Abstract Introduction: Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a common cardiovascular disease without available oral drugs for a long-term routine treatment, which can be treated by Shenfu Decoction (SFD) according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical applications. The purpose of this research is to decode the therapeutic mechanisms of SFD in treating SSS as well as interpret the synergistic relationship of herbs in SFD through the method of systematic pharmacology.Methods: We established a novel systematic pharmacological model, which integrate pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacological data and network topology analysis, to effectively screen the key components of SFD. Based on the key components, gene ontology, pathway enrichment and molecular docking were used to clarify and validate the therapeutic mechanisms of SFD in treating SSS and the synergistic relationship of herbs in SFD. Results: Through our proposed mathematical model, we retrieved 55 components which were defined as synergistic functional components group (SFCG) from 209 potential active components of SFD screened by ADME parameters. Pathway analysis of SFCG targets indicated that RS and FZ could synergistically target to neuroactive ligand-receptor reaction, cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway and other pathways to treat SSS. Additionally, molecular docking analysis showed that the average affinity of SFCG and targets involved in the key pathways reached -6.36 kcal/mmol, validating the synergistic effect of RS and FZ in treating SSS.Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of SFD on SSS may be due to its functions of regulating ion channel function, signal transduction and energy metabolism. Besides, we found that the synergistic relationship between RS and FZ can be described at the levels of target, function and pathway.

Investigating the Roles of Crystallizable and Glassy Switching Segments within Multiblock Copolymer Shape-Memory Materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (63) ◽  
pp. 3741-3749
Author(s):  
Wan Yan ◽  
Liang Fang ◽  
Ulrich Noechel ◽  
Oliver E. C. Gould ◽  
Marc Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Memory Mechanism ◽  
Multiblock Copolymer ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Synergistic Relationship ◽  
Vapor Treatment ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThe variation of the molecular architecture of multiblock copolymers has enabled the introduction of functional behaviour and the control of key mechanical properties. In the current study, we explore the synergistic relationship of two structural components in a shape-memory material formed of a multiblock copolymer with crystallizable poly(ε-caprolactone) and crystallizable poly[oligo(3S-iso-butylmorpholine-2,5-dione)] segments (PCL-PIBMD). The thermal and structural properties of PCL-PIBMD films were compared with PCL-PU and PIBMD-PU, investigated by means of DSC, SAXS and WAXS measurements. The shape-memory properties were quantified by cyclic, thermomechanical tensile tests, where deformation strains up to 900% were applied for programming PCL-PIBMD films at 50 °C. Toluene vapor treatment experiments demonstrated that the temporary shape was fixed mainly by glassy PIBMD domains at strains lower than 600%, with the PCL contribution to fixation increasing to 42±2% at programming strains of 900%. This study into the shape-memory mechanism of PCL-PIBMD provides insight into the structure-function relation in multiblock copolymers with both crystallizable and glassy switching segments.

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