scholarly journals A Review of Methods, Issues and Challenges of Small-scale Fire Testing of Tunnel Lining Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Azim Mohd Radzi ◽  
Roszilah Hamid ◽  
Azrul A. Mutalib
Keyword(s):  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Testing

Smoke measurements in large- and small-scale fire testing — Part I

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Testing

Predicting and comparing the fire performance of a small-scale composite structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Burak Kaan Cirpici
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Fire Testing ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Steel Columns ◽  
Reduced Scale

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a strategy for the fire testing of reduced scale structural models which will help engineers design safer structures and reduce the loss from fires. The concept of this work is how composite frame floor arrangements, beam-column connections might be modelled at a small scale suitable for fire testing. Testing full-scale is expensive, besides the testing of scaled model produces reasonable results which help us to understand the failure mechanism and all significant thermo-structural responses involved in a fire. Thermal effects within a structural element generate fire curve, thermal input and structural displacement output, in other words cause and impact. Dimensional analysis, which is a condition for dynamic similarity between prototype and model, can be achieved when all the dimensionless groups are set equal for both model and prototype. On the other hand, scaling rules are used to decide how much insulating material will be used on a structure. 5-storey composite building with composite floors and steel columns has been modelled at small scale with 1/5. The obtained results from various parametric investigations show that the reduced scale model fire test method would be a feasible way to investigate the fire performance of composite structures.

Smoke measurements in large-and small-scale fire testing — Part II

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Testing

scholarly journals Can They Take the Heat?

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (02) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Michael Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Testing ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Codes ◽  
Standard Tests

This article describes that fire researchers apply old and new tests to assure that materials meet safety requirements. Baltimore-based Hughes Associates Inc., a fire research firm, uses standard tests and computer modeling, and, in some cases, will develop tests to ensure that new building products satisfy the safety requirements of existing building codes. Hughes Associates also facilitates contact between its client and the appropriate code-making organizations, whether local, state, federal in the case of governmental agencies, or internationally through its offices in Singapore and in Milan, Italy. The data derived from the small-scale tests are also used in flame spread computer modeling testing. These tests use a series of proprietary computer modeling programs to predict the behavior of the product’s flames—for example, how high the flames would reach, and how quickly they would spread. The development of amusement park attractions is driving fire testing to prove that these attractions meet the stringent public assembly provision in fire codes.

scholarly journals A Review on Large-Scale Fire Testing of Concrete Tunnel Lining

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2891-2897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husen Alhawat ◽  
Roszilah Hamid ◽  
Shahrizan Bahroom ◽  
Mohamed H. Mussa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
Fire Testing

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

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