Tillage Parameters and Economic Analysis of Direct Seeding, Minimum and Conventional Tillage in Wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Yalcin ◽  
Engin Cakir . ◽  
Erdem Aykas .
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Direct Seeding

scholarly journals Impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems on soil nematodes in a long-term experiment in Madagascar

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Villenave ◽  
Bodovololona Rabary ◽  
Jean-Luc Chotte ◽  
Eric Blanchart ◽  
Djibril Djigal
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Kikuyu Grass ◽  
Structure Indices

The objective of this work was to assess the effects of conventional tillage and of different direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) on soil nematofauna characteristics. The long-term field experiment was carried out in the highlands of Madagascar on an andic Dystrustept soil. Soil samples were taken once a year during three successive years (14 to 16 years after installation of the treatments) from a 0-5-cm soil layer of a conventional tillage system and of three kinds of DMC: direct seeding on mulch from rotation soybean-maize residues; direct seeding of maize-maize rotation on living mulch of silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum); direct seeding of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-soybean rotation on living mulch of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The samples were compared with samples from natural fallows. The soil nematofauna, characterized by the abundance of different trophic groups and indices (MI, maturity index; EI and SI, enrichment and structure indices), allowed the discrimination of the different cropping systems. The different DMC treatments had a more complex soil food web than the tillage treatment: SI and MI were significantly greater in DMC systems. Moreover, DMC with dead mulch had a lower density of free-living nematodes than DMC with living mulch, which suggested a lower microbial activity.

scholarly journals Impact of tillage and crop establishment methods on rice yields in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Fuxian Xu ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Mao Liu ◽  
Hong Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Cultivation Methods

AbstractSimplified cultivation methods for rice production offer considerable social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, limited information is available on yield components of rice grown using simplified cultivation methods in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system. A field experiment using two hybrid and two inbred rice cultivars was conducted to compare four cultivation methods (conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP; conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP; no-tillage and direct seeding, NTDS) in a rice-ratoon rice system from 2017 to 2020. Main season yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively; whereas ratoon season yields for CTDS and NTDS were equal to or higher than for CTTP. Annual grain yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 4.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The higher CTDS and NTDS yields were associated with higher panicle numbers per m2 and biomass production. Rice hybrids had higher yields than inbred cultivars by 15.8–19.3% for main season and by 15.6–19.4% for ratoon season, which was attributed to long growth duration, high grain weight and biomass production. Our results suggest that CTTP can be replaced by CTDS and NTDS to maintain high grain yields and save labor costs. Developing cultivars with high grain weight could be a feasible approach to achieve high rice yields in the rice-ratoon rice cropping system in southwest China.

Economic Analysis of Four Weed Management Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Lybecker ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Robert P. King
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Income Risk ◽  
Pinto Bean ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
System 1

An economic analysis of four weed management systems employed on four crop sequences in a barley-corn-pinto bean-sugarbeet rotation in eastern Colorado was computed. Weeds were controlled in each crop with only conventional tillage or conventional tillage plus minimum levels of herbicides (systems 3 and 4), moderate levels of herbicides (system 1), or intensive levels of herbicides (system 2). Adjusted gross returns were higher for systems 3 and 4 where herbicide use was less/year and decreased over 4 yr than for systems 1 and 2 where herbicide use was higher/year and constant. When the four crop sequences were aggregated using yield and sucrose indices, the least herbicide-intensive weed management system had $440/ha/4 yr higher indexed adjusted gross return than the most herbicide-intensive weed management system. An income risk analysis showed that the herbicide-intensive weed management system was not risk efficient and that producers would select one of the other three less herbicide-intensive weed management systems depending upon their risk preferences.

Are conservation agriculture (CA) systems productive and profitable options for smallholder farmers in different agro-ecoregions of Zimbabwe?

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mupangwa ◽  
M. Mutenje ◽  
C. Thierfelder ◽  
I. Nyagumbo
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Conventional Practice

AbstractContinuous conventional tillage coupled with unsystematic cereal/legume rotations has promoted low crop productivity on smallholder farms. A multi-locational study was established in three agro-ecoregions (AEs) of Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of four tillage systems (conventional plowing, planting basins, rip-line and animal traction direct seeding systems) on maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yields, and evaluate the economic performance of the conservation agriculture (CA) systems relative to conventional plowing. Each farmer was a replicate of the trial over the three cropping seasons. In the high (750–1000 mm per annum) and low (450–650 mm) rainfall AEs, conventional practice and CA systems gave similar maize grain yield. Under medium rainfall conditions (500–800 mm) planting basins, rip-line and direct seeding systems gave 547, 548 and 1690 kg ha−1 more maize yield than the conventional practice. In the high and low rainfall AEs, conventional practice and planting basins had the lowest maize production risk. Cowpea yield was 35 and 45% higher in the rip-line and direct seeding than conventional practice. Soybean yield was higher in rip-line (36%) and direct seeding (51%) systems than conventional practice. Direct seeding system gave the highest net benefits in all AEs. A combination of long-term biophysical and socio-economic assessments of the different cropping systems tested in our study is critical in order to fully understand their performance under different AEs of Zimbabwe.

An Agro-Economic Analysis of Field Trials from a Farming Systems Research Perspective: Weed Control in Rainfed Lowland Rice in Senegal

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Posner ◽  
Eric W. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Rainfed Lowland

SummaryUsing a farming systems approach, a multidisciplinary team in southern Senegal examined three strategies for weed control in rainfed lowland rice: use of herbicide; replacement of broadcast seeding by row seeding with mechanical seeders; and transplanting compared with direct seeding of rice. Thorough evaluation of the agronomic and economic benefits of these strategies for farmers was facilitated by supplementing the standard analysis of on-farm trials with multivariate analysis incorporating agronomic survey data to explain treatment effects better, and by considering technical and economic effects throughout the farming system. The agro-economic analysis led the team to conclude that: where soils are productive, herbicide use is a profitable investment; when converting to direct seeding, farmers should facilitate weeding by seeding in rows with a mechanical seeder; and transplanting should not be discouraged in areas where it is still feasible, since it is less time-consuming, fits in better with other farm activities and requires less fertilizer.

scholarly journals Root Diseases of Wheat and Barley During the Transition from Conventional Tillage to Direct Seeding

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1247-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Schroeder ◽  
T. C. Paulitz
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Rhizoctonia Root Rot ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Crown Roots

The use of direct seeding (no-till) in place of tillage can reduce soil erosion and improve water infiltration. However, despite these improvements in soil quality, growers in the Pacific Northwest are reluctant to adopt direct seeding, partially because of fears of increased root diseases caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia spp., and Pythium spp. To examine the effect of the transition from conventional tillage to direct seeding, field plots were established at two locations. One site had been managed with direct seeding for 12 years, and the second had been conventionally tilled. Over 4 years, a portion of each plot was tilled or direct seeded, and planted to wheat or barley. Plants in the tilled plots had consistently more crown roots than plants in direct-seeded plots. Rhizoctonia root rot and yield did not differ between tillage types during the first 2 years of the study. However, in the third and fourth years of the transition to direct seeding, a higher incidence of Rhizoctonia root rot, increased hyphal activity of R. solani, and reduced yields were observed in direct-seeded plots. Populations of R. oryzae and Pythium spp., and incidence of take-all were the same for both management practices.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE MARKETING AND CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR TEXAS HIGH PLAINS ONIONS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 491f-491
Author(s):  
Roland Roberts ◽  
David Bender ◽  
Samuel Field
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Texas High Plains ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
On Farm

Extension-research teamwork supports Texas High Plains onion grower-shippers in transition from unprofitable labor intensive marketing and culture to profitable mechanical systems that are less stressful to workers. System comparisons include machine harvest vs. lifting and hand clipping; stationary seed grading and bagging vs. mobile field grading and bagging; transplant vs. fall seeding, spring seeding and dry set production. Old marketing systems cost growers $4.30/50-lb. sack, and the innovative system costs $2.59 to $3.00/sack. Old transplant systems average $450 to $500/acre and direct seeding costs $200/acre. Net increase in return to grower management from adoption of new systems range from $1,300 to $1,700. Extension and research conduct economic analysis, cultivar performance trials, seeding technique studies and on-farm demonstrations.

Productivity and profitability of manual and mechanized conservation agriculture (CA) systems in Eastern Zambia

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mupangwa ◽  
M. Mutenje ◽  
C. Thierfelder ◽  
M. Mwila ◽  
H. Malumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Conventional Practice

AbstractClimate variability and declining soil fertility pose a major threat to sustainable agronomic and economic growth in Zambia. The objective of this study was to assess crop yield, land and labor productivity of conservation agriculture (CA) technologies in Eastern Zambia. On-farm trials were run from 2012–2015 and farmers were replicates of a randomized complete block design. The trials compared three CA systems against a conventional practice. Yield and net return ha−1 were determined for maize and legume yield (kg ha−1) produced by ridge and furrow tillage, CA dibble stick planting, CA animal traction ripping and direct seeding. The dibble stick, ripline and direct seeding CA systems had 6–18, 12–28 and 8–9% greater maize yield relative to the conventional tillage system, respectively. Rotation of maize with cowpea and soybean significantly increased maize yields in all CA systems. Intercropping maize with cowpea increased land productivity (e.g., the land equivalent ratio for four seasons was 2.01) compared with full rotations under CA. Maize/cowpea intercropping in dibble stick CA produced the greatest net returns (US$312-767 ha−1) compared with dibble stick maize-cowpea rotation (US$204-657), dibble stick maize monoculture (US$108-584) and the conventional practice (US$64-516). The net-return for the animal traction CA systems showed that maize-soybean rotations using the ripper were more profitable than the direct seeder or conventional ridge and furrow systems. Agronomic and economic benefits of CA-based cropping systems highlight the good potential for improved food security and agricultural productivity for smallholder farmers.

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