Serotype Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Positive and Negative for HCV RNA Using Enzyme Immunoassay

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important global public health problem affecting approximately 180 million people. Multiple risk factors are associated with HCV transmission among haemodialysis (HD) patients leading to an increased risk for liver-related mortality. Patients undergoing HD may show a decreased humoral and cellular immunity, which lowers the sensitivity of the HCV antibodies (Abs) test resulting in false negative antibody test, thus requiring HCV RNA testing. Our study is to determine the prevalence of HCV markers (antibody RNA and genotype) and risk factors of HCV infection among patients in HD unit in Baghdad. A sample of 54 patients were interviewed. HCV Abs (anti-HCV) was tested using third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3) and immunoblot assay (Lia-Tek III) as screening and confirmatory test respectively. Sera of 46 patients (irrespective to anti-HCV results) were subjected to molecular analysis, using the most developed RT-PCR and DNA Enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) method. Seropositive rate of anti-HCV and HCV-RNA were (66.6%) and (60.9%) respectively. Anti-HCV seropositive rate was significantly higher in males (77.1%), and history of blood transfusion (85%). Blood transfusion acts as a significant risk for acquiring HCV (OR 44.2, 95% CI 7.6-256.9). Genotype 4 was the most prevalent (33.3%), followed by genotype 1a (25.9%) and genotype 1b (22.2%). We concluded that, the prevalence of HCV among the haemodialysis patients is high. It is significantly related to gender, duration of dialysis and number of blood transfusion. Blood transfusion acts as a significant risk factor. Molecular test for detection for HCV RNA is necessary and proper nosocomial prevention program should be implemented to prevent HCV transmission.

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Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir ± Dasabuvir Regimen in Haemodialysis Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Infektološki glasnik ◽

10.37797/ig.39.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Antonija Verhaz ◽

Tatjana Roganović ◽

Ljiljana Pašić ◽

Olja Čuković ◽

Tanja Macanović-Kostić

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Concomitant Medication ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Virologic Response ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Stage Renal Disease

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among patients on haemodialysis (HD) therapy and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the risks for negative outcomes are significantly higher in HCV-infected patients than in those without HCV infection, including progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related mortality. Ombitasvir (OBV), paritaprevir (PTV), ritonavir (r), and dasabuvir (DSV) are all hepatically metabolized and, therefore, require no dose adjustment in patients with any degree of renal impairment. Aims: We studied the safety and efficacy of OBV/PTV/r + DSV in a small group of HCV infected patients on haemodialysis therapy. Methods: Treatment course with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir; (3-DAA regimen of OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV) was analysed. Pre-treatment evaluation of HCV infection included HCV RNA, genotype, and liver fibrosis assed by transient fibroelastography (FibroScan). The stage 5 CKD was defined as an eGFR of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; those on haemodialysis were considered to have stage 5 CKD or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Demographic data and concomitant medication were retrieved from patients’ records. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12). We collected data on on-treatment adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and laboratory abnormalities. Results: Among 7 treated patients, 6 were male and 1 female, all were infected with genotype 1 (5 GT1b, 2 GT1a). Patient had compensated liver cirrhosis and six patients did not have liver cirrhosis, none were liver transplant recipients. All of seven patients completed 12 weeks of treatment and achieved SVR12. Concomitant medication had to be modified with the treatment initiation in 5 out of 7 patients. One of the patients presented with a significant decrease in haemoglobin level, white blood cell and platelet count during the treatment period. The most frequent adverse events were nausea, diarrhoea. Adverse events were primarily mild, and no patient discontinued treatment due to an AE. Conclusions: Treatment with OBV/PTV/r +DSV ± RBV was well-tolerated and resulted in high rates of SVR12 (100%) for patients with HCV GT1b/1a on haemodialysis.

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Hepatitis C Virus Core Mutations Reduce the Sensitivity of a Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.9.3450-3452.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 3450-3452 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hajime Tokita ◽

Gilbert R. Kaufmann ◽

Mamoru Matsubayashi ◽

Isao Okuda ◽

Tsukasa Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Core Region ◽

Core Antigen ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Virus Core ◽

Hcv Core Antigen ◽

Rna Levels

Four of 107 samples obtained from hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers showed lower HCV core antigen levels in a fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) than expected from corresponding HCV RNA levels. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a mutation in the HCV core region (Thr49Pro) that appears to have reduced the FEIA sensitivity.

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Evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus(HCV) core antigen with clinical sensitivity approximating that of genomic amplification of HCV RNA

Hepatology ◽

10.1053/jhep.2000.9112 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 388-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Eiji Tanaka ◽

Chiharu Ohue ◽

Katsumi Aoyagi ◽

Kenjiro Yamaguchi ◽

Shintaro Yagi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Core Antigen ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Genomic Amplification ◽

Clinical Sensitivity ◽

Hcv Core Antigen

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A Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Decompensated Cirrhotic Patient Who Showed the Disappearance of Hepatic Encephalopathy, Ascites, and Pleural Effusion by Antiviral Therapy with Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000511749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 436-442

Author(s):

Kazuo Tarao ◽

Akito Nozaki ◽

Hirokazu Komatsu

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Pleural Effusion ◽

Ammonia Level ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Direct Acting ◽

Serum Ammonia

Oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are the main therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver disease in Japan. Moreover, many DAAs include an indication for compensated liver cirrhosis. However, patients with decompensated HCV-associated cirrhosis have hitherto not been indicated for therapy with DAAs. Recently, a new DAA, sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), was indicated for decompensated HCV-associated cirrhotic patients. Actually, it has been shown to eradicate HCV in many cases. However, it is not clear whether hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion in patients with decompensated HCV-associated cirrhosis disappear by SOF/VEL treatment. Recently, we encountered a decompensated HCV-associated cirrhosis patient who showed the disappearance of hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion with marked improvement of serum ammonia level, albumin level, prothrombin time, and platelet count after the eradication of HCV by the administration of SOF/VEL. Her consciousness was cloudy and it took many hours for the preparation of each meal just before SOF/VEL treatment, but after the disappearance of HCV-RNA by the therapy, her consciousness became clear and she could prepare meals in a short time. This case suggests the possibility of improvement from decompensated HCV-associated liver cirrhosis to compensated liver cirrhosis with disappearance of hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and pleural effusion by SOF/VEL therapy.

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Supplementary anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing with 2nd and 3rd generation recombinant immunoblot assay and matrix applied to enzyme immunoassay positive sera and comparison with HCV-RNA detection

Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie ◽

10.1016/s0934-8840(98)80049-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 288 (2) ◽

pp. 267-275

Author(s):

Peter M. Engel ◽

Reinhard H. Dennin

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Rna Detection ◽

Immunoblot Assay ◽

Recombinant Immunoblot Assay ◽

Hcv Testing

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Evaluation of Nitric Oxide (NO) Levels in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Relationship to Schistosomiasis and Liver Cirrhosis among Egyptian Patients

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2002/647961 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mahmoud Ismail Hassan ◽

Samar Kamal Kassim ◽

Hebatalla Said Ali ◽

El-Dieb Abd ElSattar Sayed ◽

Ali Khalifa

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Virus Load ◽

Egyptian Patients ◽

Polymerase Chain

Nitric oxide (NO), a recently discovered free radical, is overproduced in liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) might increase NO levels via increased inducible NO synthase (iNOS). This work was carried out to study the effect of HCV-induced liver cirrhosis on NO levels among Egyptian patients. The study included 46 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 30 healthy individuals of matched age and sex. NO levels determined as the stable endproduct nitrate, showed a statistically significant increase among patients compared to the control group (P< 0.001). Furthermore, NO levels increased proportionally with the severity of liver cirrhosis as assessed by Child’s classification (P< 0.05). Moreover, schistosomial infection enhanced NO levels in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection compared to non-bilharzial patients (P< 0.001). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and branched DNA assays were used for detection of HCV RNA positivity, and measurement of the virus load, respectively. Both showed a positive correlation with the NO levels (P< 0.001). At a nitrate cutoff value of 70μmol/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.0% and 37.0% respectively. Chi square analysis showed a significant correlation between ALT levels and both HCV RNA positivity by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (P< 0.02), and virus load (P< 0.05). Interestingly enough, there was a significant positive correlation between HCV RNA and schistosomal antibody titer as measured by hemaglutination inhibition assay (HAI) (P< 0.05). The data presented in this report indicated an association between NO levels and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, the findings obtained from this study demonstrated that schistomiasis is an important risk factor involved in enhancement of NO levels and virus replication. The latter may aggravate liver cell injury and hence the development of cirrhosis.

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Development of a Simple and Highly Sensitive Enzyme Immunoassay for Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.37.6.1802-1808.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1802-1808 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Katsumi Aoyagi ◽

Chiharu Ohue ◽

Kumiko Iida ◽

Tatsuji Kimura ◽

Eiji Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Molecular Mass ◽

Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Core Antigen ◽

Hcv Rna ◽

Special Device ◽

Highly Sensitive

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) was developed, and its performance was compared with that of the AMPLICOR HCV test (Roche Molecular Systems). The developed one-step pretreatment method, 30-min incubation of the specimen with a solution containing three different types of detergents (Triton X-100, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate [CHAPS], and sodium dodecyl sulfate), does not require any special device. Because the interfering anti-core antibody in the sample was sufficiently inactivated by the pretreatment, HCVcAg in the sample could be detected. The immunoreactivity on gel filtration was shifted from void fractions to those corresponding to the molecular mass range from 20 to 25 kDa, which is equal to the estimated molecular mass of HCVcAg, after the pretreatment. By the recovery test with HCVcAg-positive serum, the recovery rate was 93.5 to 106.5%. There was no interference with the EIA by anticoagulants or blood components in the serum. When the cutoff value was tentatively set at 0.5 mU/ml based on the distribution of healthy subjects’ sera, the sera of all healthy subjects (n = 125) and patients with hepatitis B (n = 50) were negative. HCVcAg was detected in sera from 57 of 73 individuals (78.1%) with anti-HCV antibody. Similarly, HCV RNA was detected in sera from 59 individuals (80.8%) with the AMPLICOR HCV as the qualitative test (AMPLICOR HCV test) and in sera from 54 individuals (74.0%) by the AMPLICOR HCV Monitor as the quantitative test (AMPLICOR Monitor test). Concentrations of HCVcAg and HCV RNA (measured by the AMPLICOR Monitor test) correlated significantly (r = 0.8, P < 0.001). On seroconversion panels, HCVcAg was detected during the early stage of infection, when anti-HCV antibodies had not been produced. This assay for HCVcAg is simpler than assays for HCV RNA based on gene technology and shows specificity and sensitivity equivalent to those of the AMPLICOR HCV test.

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