Soil and Sediment Chronology as a Tool to Study Long-term Natural and Human-induced Land Degradation: An Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Emadodin
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Sediment Chronology ◽  
Soil And Sediment

scholarly journals Non-Standard Discrete RothC Models for Soil Carbon Dynamics

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Fasma Diele ◽  
Carmela Marangi ◽  
Angela Martiradonna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Soil Carbon Content ◽  
Rothc Model ◽  
Key Indicators

Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) is one of the key indicators of land degradation. SOC positively affects soil functions with regard to habitats, biological diversity and soil fertility; therefore, a reduction in the SOC stock of soil results in degradation, and it may also have potential negative effects on soil-derived ecosystem services. Dynamical models, such as the Rothamsted Carbon (RothC) model, may predict the long-term behaviour of soil carbon content and may suggest optimal land use patterns suitable for the achievement of land degradation neutrality as measured in terms of the SOC indicator. In this paper, we compared continuous and discrete versions of the RothC model, especially to achieve long-term solutions. The original discrete formulation of the RothC model was then compared with a novel non-standard integrator that represents an alternative to the exponential Rosenbrock–Euler approach in the literature.

scholarly journals Assessing Land Degradation/Recovery in the African Sahel from Long-Term Earth Observation Based Primary Productivity and Precipitation Relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 664-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Fensholt ◽  
Kjeld Rasmussen ◽  
Per Kaspersen ◽  
Silvia Huber ◽  
Stephanie Horion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
African Sahel

scholarly journals Organic Matter Causes Chemical Pollutant Dissipation Along With Adsorption and Microbial Degradation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vilhelmiina Harju ◽  
Ilkka Närhi ◽  
Marja Mattsson ◽  
Kaisa Kerminen ◽  
Merja H. Kontro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
First Response ◽  
Chemical Pollutant ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Views on the entry of organic pollutants into the organic matter (OM) decaying process are divergent, and in part poorly understood. To clarify these interactions, pesticide dissipation was monitored in organic and mineral soils not adapted to contaminants for 241 days; in groundwater sediment slurries adapted to pesticides for 399 days; and in their sterilized counterparts with and without peat (5%) or compost-peat-sand (CPS, 15%) mixture addition. The results showed that simazine, atrazine and terbuthylazine (not sediment slurries) were chemically dissipated in the organic soil, and peat or CPS-amended soils and sediment slurries, but not in the mineral soil or sediment slurries. Hexazinone was chemically dissipated best in the peat amended mineral soil and sediment slurries. In contrast, dichlobenil chemically dissipated in the mineral soil and sediment slurries. The dissipation product 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) concentrations were lowest in the mineral soil, while dissipation was generally poor regardless of plant-derived OM, only algal agar enhanced its chemical dissipation. Based on sterilized counterparts, only terbutryn appeared to be microbially degraded in the organic soil, i.e., chemical dissipation of pesticides would appear to be utmost important, and could be the first response in the natural cleansing capacity of the environment, during which microbial degradation evolves. Consistent with compound-specific dissipation in the mineral or organic environments, long-term concentrations of pentachloroaniline and hexachlorobenzene were lowest in the mineral-rich soils, while concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DTT) and metabolites were lowest in the organic soils of old market gardens. OM amendments changed pesticide dissipation in the mineral soil towards that observed in the organic soil; that is OM accelerated, slowed down or stopped dissipation.

scholarly journals Rural Poverty and Land Degradation: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1053-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jehangir Malik ◽  
Hina Nazli
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

By highlighting the lack of rigorous evidence and calling for a greater understanding of the interaction of the two processes, a recent study [Nelson et al. (1997)] has called into question the strong perception that poverty is both a consequence as well as a cause of resource degradation.1 This perception which is widely held is strongly evident in the writings of the multilateral development agencies such as the World Bank (1990) and IFAD (1992) and exists despite extensive reviews which indicate that the short- and long-term implications of land degradation are not very clear [see Scherr and Yadav (1995)]. Similarly, while knowledge about poverty is expanding rapidly, thanks in large parts to the massive international focus and resources brought to bear on its understanding in the past ten.........................

Policy Note: Reversing Salt-Induced Land Degradation Requires Integrated Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1671001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
The Status ◽  
Major River ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Key Questions

Agricultural crops take up water, but not salt, and evaporation from irrigated land does likewise. The result is increasing salt levels in soils. Just as cities cannot ignore urban wastewater collection and treatment, irrigating farmers and irrigation districts cannot ignore what to do with the salt in agricultural drainage water. Although salt management techniques can seem straightforward, the long-term sustainability of irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas, where most irrigation takes place remains a challenge. Salt-induced land degradation is on the rise in several major river basins. Salt-affected lands remain valuable resources that cannot be easily abandoned, given their importance for food security and regional economies, as well as the significant investments in infrastructure that have been made on these lands. This policy note discusses the status of salt-induced land degradation and addresses two key questions: Why has progress been so limited in addressing salt-induced land degradation? And what measures could be taken to prevent and reverse such degradation?

scholarly journals Cost-Benefit Analysis of Conservation Agriculture Implementation in Syrdarya Province of Uzbekistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizbek Daujanov ◽  
Rolf Groeneveld ◽  
Alim Pulatov ◽  
Wim J.M. Heijman
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

Abstract Most irrigated lands of Central Asia suffer from land degradation, and unsustainable agricultural practices are one of the factors contributing to land degradation. Conservation agriculture (CA) is seen as a way to mitigate land degradation and rationalize resource use. The aim of this article is to investigate the efficiency of CA implementation in the Syrdarya province of Uzbekistan, Central Asia by carrying out a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The CBA was conducted for a hypothetical situation where the farm decides to switch from conventional agriculture to CA. Unlike the previous studies, this study investigates complete crop rotation cycle in the long-term period. The study outcomes suggest that investment in CA implementation results in positive incremental benefit if the advantages of CA are monetized.

Land degradation and long-term changes in agro-pastoral systems: An empirical analysis of ecological resilience in Asteroussia - Crete (Greece)

CATENA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Kosmas ◽  
Mina Karamesouti ◽  
Kate Kounalaki ◽  
Vassilis Detsis ◽  
Penny Vassiliou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Long Term Changes

An Optode Sensor Array for Long-Term In Situ Oxygen Measurements in Soil and Sediment

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1267-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Rickelt ◽  
L. Askaer ◽  
E. Walpersdorf ◽  
B. Elberling ◽  
R. N. Glud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Oxygen Measurements ◽  
Soil And Sediment
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