Eggshell Conductance and Incubator Humidity as Factors in Embryo Survival and Poult Growth

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Christensen . ◽  
M.J. Wineland . ◽  
D.T. Ort . ◽  
K.M. Mann . ◽  
E.R. Neely .
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Eggshell Conductance

Eggshell Conductance of Turkey Eggs Affects Cardiac Physiology and Subsequent Embryo Survival

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1096-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Christensen . ◽  
L.G. Bagley . ◽  
T. Olson . ◽  
J.L. Grimes . ◽  
D.T. Ort .
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Physiology ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Eggshell Conductance

Eggshell Conductance and Incubator Ventilation as Factors in Embryo Survival and Poult Quality

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 818-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Christensen . ◽  
M.J. Wineland . ◽  
D.T. Ort . ◽  
K.M. Mann .
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Eggshell Conductance

scholarly journals Climate variability and parent nesting strategies influence gas exchange across avian eggshells

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1953) ◽  
pp. 20210823
Author(s):  
Marie R. G. Attard ◽  
Steven J. Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Nest Microclimate ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Temperature Seasonality ◽  
Eggshell Conductance

Embryo survival in birds depends on a controlled transfer of water vapour and respiratory gases through the eggshell, and this exchange is critically sensitive to the surrounding physical environment. As birds breed in most terrestrial habitats worldwide, we proposed that variation in eggshell conductance has evolved to optimize embryonic development under different breeding conditions. This is the first study to take a broad-scale macro-ecological view of avian eggshell conductance, encompassing all key avian taxonomic groups, to assess how life history and climate influence the evolution of this trait. Using whole eggs spanning a wide phylogenetic diversity of birds, we determine that body mass, temperature seasonality and whether both parents attend the nest are the main determinants of eggshell conductance. Birds breeding at high latitudes, where seasonal temperature fluctuations are greatest, will benefit from lower eggshell conductance to combat temporary periods of suspended embryo growth and prevent dehydration during prolonged incubation. The nest microclimate is more consistent in species where parents take turns incubating their clutch, resulting in lower eggshell conductance. This study highlights the remarkable functional qualities of eggshells and their importance for embryo survival in extreme climates.

scholarly journals Provision of exogenous lipid interacts with maternal BMI to affect human embryo survival in long term culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. e59-e60
Author(s):  
R. Kile ◽  
Y. Yuan ◽  
H. Silz ◽  
S. McCormick ◽  
W.B. Schoolcraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Embryo ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Long Term Culture ◽  
Exogenous Lipid ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Hyporheic zone processes in a canalised agricultural stream: implications for salmonid embryo survival

2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Malcolm ◽  
C. A. Middlemas ◽  
C. Soulsby ◽  
S. J. Middlemas ◽  
A. F. Youngson
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Agricultural Stream

scholarly journals Oocyte Ageing in Zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822) and Its Consequence on the Viability and Ploidy Anomalies in the Progeny

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Swapnil Gorakh Waghmare ◽  
Azadeh Mohagheghi Samarin ◽  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Martin Pšenička ◽  
Tomáš Policar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Hatching Rates

Fish egg quality can be markedly influenced by the oocyte age after ovulation. In this study, we examined the duration of oocyte ageing in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and whether prolonged ageing is associated with the incidence of ploidy anomalies in the resulting embryos. Oocytes were incubated in vitro for 6 h post-stripping (HPS) at 26 °C and fertilized at 2-h intervals. Meanwhile, for eggs fertilized immediately after stripping, the fertilization, embryo survival, and hatching rates started at ~80%; these rates decreased to 39%, 24%, and 16%, respectively, for oocytes that had been stored for 4 h (p ˂ 0.05), and there was an almost complete loss of egg viability at 6 HPS. Furthermore, almost 90% of the embryos derived from 6-h aged oocytes died prior to hatching, and all larvae originating from 4- and 6-h aged oocytes showed malformations. The proportion of ploidy abnormal embryos was significantly greater at 4 HPS (18.5%) than at either 0 or 2 HPS (4.7% and 8.8%, respectively). The results revealed that zebrafish oocytes retained their fertilization potential for up to 2 h after stripping at 26 °C and indicated the contribution of post-ovulatory oocyte ageing in the occurrence of ploidy anomalies in the resulting embryos.

scholarly journals Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Alters the Expression of Male Mouse Scent Proteins

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Michael B. A. Oldstone ◽  
Brian C. Ware ◽  
Amanda Davidson ◽  
Mark C. Prescott ◽  
Robert J. Beynon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mate Selection ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Scent Marks ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
The Individual

Mature male mice produce a particularly high concentration of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in their scent marks that provide identity and status information to conspecifics. Darcin (MUP20) is inherently attractive to females and, by inducing rapid associative learning, leads to specific attraction to the individual male’s odour and location. Other polymorphic central MUPs, produced at much higher abundance, bind volatile ligands that are slowly released from a male’s scent marks, forming the male’s individual odour that females learn. Here, we show that infection of C57BL/6 males with LCMV WE variants (v2.2 or v54) alters MUP expression according to a male’s infection status and ability to clear the virus. MUP output is substantially reduced during acute adult infection with LCMV WE v2.2 and when males are persistently infected with LCMV WE v2.2 or v54. Infection differentially alters expression of darcin and, particularly, suppresses expression of a male’s central MUP signature. However, following clearance of acute v2.2 infection through a robust virus-specific CD8 cytotoxic T cell response that leads to immunity to the virus, males regain their normal mature male MUP pattern and exhibit enhanced MUP output by 30 days post-infection relative to uninfected controls. We discuss the likely impact of these changes in male MUP signals on female attraction and mate selection. As LCMV infection during pregnancy can substantially reduce embryo survival and lead to lifelong infection in surviving offspring, we speculate that females use LCMV-induced changes in MUP expression both to avoid direct infection from a male and to select mates able to develop immunity to local variants that will be inherited by their offspring.

scholarly journals Ancient Sturgeons Possess Effective DNA Repair Mechanisms: Influence of Model Genotoxicants on Embryo Development of Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ievgeniia Gazo ◽  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Radek Šindelka ◽  
Ievgen Lebeda ◽  
Sahana Shivaramu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Dna Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

DNA damage caused by exogenous or endogenous factors is a common challenge for developing fish embryos. DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways help organisms minimize adverse effects of DNA alterations. In terms of DNA repair mechanisms, sturgeons represent a particularly interesting model due to their exceptional genome plasticity. Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) is a relatively small species of sturgeon. The goal of this study was to assess the sensitivity of sterlet embryos to model genotoxicants (camptothecin, etoposide, and benzo[a]pyrene), and to assess DDR responses. We assessed the effects of genotoxicants on embryo survival, hatching rate, DNA fragmentation, gene expression, and phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM kinase. Exposure of sterlet embryos to 1 µM benzo[a]pyrene induced low levels of DNA damage accompanied by ATM phosphorylation and xpc gene expression. Conversely, 20 µM etoposide exposure induced DNA damage without activation of known DDR pathways. Effects of 10 nM camptothecin on embryo development were stage-specific, with early stages, before gastrulation, being most sensitive. Overall, this study provides foundational information for future investigation of sterlet DDR pathways.

scholarly journals 27 Defining a robust sow: swine nutrition perspective on reproduction and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Embryo Survival

Abstract Improvements in modern sow prolificacy have markedly increased the number of pigs weaned, thus the ability of sows to provide nutrients to support fetal growth and milk production has been enhanced. The goals of the gestation nutrition program consist of meeting the nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth and for adequate conceptus development, while managing body condition. Early gestation represents the best opportunity for replenishing body reserves, whereas in late gestation, both estimated protein deposition and energy requirement are exponentially increased and directed towards fetal growth and mammary development. Increased feed intake after breeding has been presumed to be detrimental to embryo survival; however, data with modern line sows demonstrates to feed thin sows to recover body condition as quickly as possible while avoiding feed deprivation immediately after breeding. Importance of body condition scoring remains unchanged: feed thin sows to bring back to adequate body condition and prevent over-conditioned sows at farrowing. A recent meta-analysis showed increasing late gestation feed intake seems to modestly improve piglet birth weight by 28 g per piglet in gilts and sows. Also, recent findings in gestating sows suggest modern genotypes have improved feed efficiency and propensity for growth. Therefore, increasing energy intake during late gestation has a modest effect on piglet birth weight and a negative effect on stillborn rate. Historically, lactation catabolism impacted subsequent reproductive performance of sows, particularly in first-parity. However, contemporary sows appear to be increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Even so, continued emphasis on maximizing lactation feed intake is critical to support milk production and prevent excessive lean tissue mobilization. Research data suggests that ad libitum feeding and offering lactation diets during the wean-to-estrus interval is not needed. Modern genetic sow lines appear to be more robust from a nutritional perspective than in the past.

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