Effect of Peppermint Extracts Inclusion in Broiler Chick Diet on Chick Performance, Plasma Constituents, Carcass Traits and Some Microbial Populations, Enzymatic Activity and Histological Aspects of Small Intestine

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman M.H. Ahmed ◽  
Mourad H.S. El-Sanhour ◽  
Mohamed M.E. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Chick Diet

scholarly journals Structure of murine enterokinase (enteropeptidase) and expression in small intestine during development

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. G342-G349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Xinglong Zheng ◽  
Deshun Lu ◽  
Deborah C. Rubin ◽  
Christopher Y. M. Pung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Trypsinogen Activation ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
High Level

Enterokinase (enteropeptidase) is expressed only in proximal small intestine, where it initiates digestive enzyme activation by converting trypsinogen into trypsin. To investigate this restricted expression pattern, mouse enterokinase cDNA was cloned, and the distribution of enterokinase mRNA and enzymatic activity were determined in adult mice and during gestation. Analysis of enterokinase sequences showed that a mucinlike domain near the NH2terminus is composed of repeated ∼15-amino acid Ser/Thr-rich motifs. By Northern blotting and trypsinogen activation assays, enterokinase mRNA and enzymatic activity were undetectable in stomach, abundant in duodenum, and decreased distally until they were undetectable in midjejunum, ileum, and colon. By in situ mRNA hybridization, enterokinase mRNA was localized to the enterocytes throughout the villus. Expression was not observed in goblet cells, Paneth cells, or Brunner’s glands. Enterokinase mRNA and enzymatic activity were not detected in the duodenum of fetal mice but were easily detected in the duodenum on postnatal days 2–6. Both enterokinase mRNA and enzymatic activity decreased to very low levels after day 7 but increased after weaning and reached a high level characteristic of adult life by day 60. Therefore, in mice, duodenal enterocytes are the major type of cells expressing enterokinase, which appears to be regulated at the level of mRNA abundance.

Effect of dietary probiotics and stocking density on carcass traits, meat quality, microbial populations and ileal histomorphology in broilers under hot-climate conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Ebeid ◽  
M. M. Fathi ◽  
I. Al-Homidan ◽  
Z. H. Ibrahim ◽  
A. A. Al-Sagan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hot Climate

The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential effects associated with dietary probiotic inclusion and the stocking density on carcass traits, meat chemical composition, meat sensory quality, microbial populations and ileal histomorphology in broiler chickens raised under hot climate conditions. In total, 1800 1-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated in a completely randomised design according to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three concentrations of a dietary probiotic (0, 200 and 400 mg/kg) containing 4 × 109 cfu/g of Bacillus subtilis and two stocking densities (12 or 18 birds/m2), forming six treatments, with three pens (replicates) each. The probiotic concentration had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on bodyweight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage and meat chemical composition. Dietary probiotic inclusion significantly (P = 0.02) increased the scores of meat colour and odour. The acceptability score was significantly (P < 0.03) affected by the stocking density. Dietary supplementation of the probiotic at both 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the counts of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the gut and litter. In meat, dietary supplementation of the probiotic at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P = 0.03) reduced the counts of E. coli, compared with those of the control group. Moreover, Salmonella was not detected in meat. Regarding the ileal villi and crypt morphology, dietary probiotic supplementation significantly (P = 0.05) increased the height of the villus. There were no significant probiotic concentration × stocking density interactions for any of the investigated parameters, except for the gizzard percentage. Thus, dietary probiotic supplementation in broilers raised under a high ambient temperature had a significantly positive effect on the ileal villus height and a significantly negative effect on the counts of E. coli and Salmonella in the gut and litter. No negative effects on growth performance, carcass parts and meat quality were detected.

scholarly journals Digestive Constraints and Nutrient Hydrolysis in Nestlings of Two Flamingo Species

The Condor ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Sabat ◽  
F. Fernando Novoa ◽  
Mario Parada
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Aminopeptidase N ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Maltase Activity ◽  
Low Activity

Abstract In vertebrates, enzymatic activity levels in the small intestine are correlated with dietary composition. We examined enzymatic activity levels in juvenile specimens of two flamingo species, Phoenicoparrus andinus and Phoenicoparrus jamesi. Both species feed their chicks with esophageal secretions. Based on the chemical composition of these secretions in flamingoes, we predicted low activity levels of disaccharidases and higher activities of aminopeptidase-N and esterase. As predicted, sucrase was absent in P. andinus, and its activity was low in P. jamesi. Esterase and aminopeptidase-N activities were relatively high. Low maltase activity suggested the presence of carbohydrates in esophageal secretions. Digestive features can have consequences on the growth and survival of chicks. Hence the data presented here may be relevant to the maintenance and reproduction of wild and captive endangered flamingoes.

scholarly journals The enzymatic activity of the small intestine mucosa of young pigs as affected by high fibre diets fed after weaning

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
G. Skiba ◽  
S. Raj ◽  
D. Weremko ◽  
H. Fandrejewski ◽  
J. Woliński
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Intestine Mucosa

scholarly journals FORMATION FEATURES OF INTESTINAL MIСROBIOCENOSIS OF BEIJING BROILER DUCKS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
M. V. Kaminska ◽  
O. M. Stefanyshyn ◽  
S. V. Gural ◽  
I. M. Popyk ◽  
L. I. Ponkalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli

The formation features of the intestinal microbioсenosis of Beijing broiler ducks were studied starting from the 2-days ducklings until the 180 days age. The reduction of the total number of E. coli cells due to the formation of bacterial strains with normal enzymatic activity and growth of non-pathogenic strains of staphylococci both in the small intestine and in the caecum of 20-day-old ducks was revealed. These negative changes were physiological since no reduction of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli number was observed. Based on the results obtained the correction of dysbiotic irregularities by probiotic preparations in 20-day’s ducks is recommended.

scholarly journals TOTAL BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DAN COLIFORM USUS ITIK CIHATEUP YANG DIBERI PAKAN MENGANDUNG KOMBINASI TEPUNG KULIT MANGGIS DAN KUNYIT (Total Lactic Acid Bacteria and Coliform of Cihateup Ducks Intestine that Given Feed Containing the Combination of Mangosteen Peel and Turmeric Flour)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Andri Kusmayadi ◽  
Novia Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Different Levels

The number of beneficial microbial populations (lactic acid bacteria/LAB) and pathogens (coliform) in the digestive tract of ducks is one indicator of duck health status. Healthy ducks have a beneficial microbial population more than pathogenic bacteria. The addition of herbal ingredients such as mangosteen peel and turmeric flour is thought to improve the health of ducks by increasing the LAB population. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the combination of mangosteen peel flour and turmeric flour on the total lactic acid bacteria and coliform of small intestine and caecum of Cihateup duck. The study was conducted experimentally using 60 male Cihateup ducks grouped into 5 feed treatments which contains a combination of mangosteen peel and turmeric flour at different levels as follows: 0.5% (R1); 1.0% (R2); 1.5% (R3); 2.0% (R4); and 2.5% (R5), respectively. The variables studied were total lactic acid and coliform bacteria in the small intestine and caecum of Cihateup ducks. The results showed that the treatments of feed significantly (P<0.05) affected the total lactic acid bacteria (except caecum) and coliform bacteria. The population of lactic acid bacteria tended to increase along with the increasing dose of combination treatment of mangosteen peel and turmeric flour. In contrast, the total population of coliform bacteria in the small intestine and caecum of ducks showed a tendency to decrease with increasing treatment doses. The use of a combination of mangosteen peel and turmeric flour at higher levels (2.0 – 2.5%) can increase the total LAB and decrease coliform bacteria in the small intestine and cecum of Cihateup duck.

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