Vip3Aa and Cry1Ab proteins in maize reduce Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins by deterring kernel injury from multiple Lepidopteran pests

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bowers ◽  
R. Hellmich ◽  
G. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Quality Measurements

Field trials were conducted in 2008, 2009 and 2011 to assess fumonisin contamination in transgenic (Bt) and non- Bt maize hybrids infested with European corn borer, corn earworm, and Western bean cutworm. Comparisons were made among maize hybrids expressing two transgenic insect resistance proteins (Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa), a single resistance protein (Cry1Ab), or no insect resistance. The field design was a randomised complete block design with four replicates of each hybrid × insect combination. Kernel injury, Fusarium ear rot, and fumonisins (FB1+FB2+FB3) in maize grain were measured. These measurements differed significantly among years of the study. In all years, significant positive correlations were present between insect injury and Fusarium ear rot, insect injury and grain fumonisin levels, and Fusarium ear rot and grain fumonisin levels. Under all insect infestation treatments, Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa hybrids were the most resistant of the hybrids with regard to any of the grain quality measurements. Averaged over all insect infestations and years, insect injury, Fusarium ear rot, and grain fumonisin levels were all low in Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa (0.1% and 2.2% of total kernels, and 0.56 mg/kg, respectively). The highest average levels of insect injury, Fusarium ear rot, and grain fumonisin contamination (3.3% and 7.2% of total kernels, and 5.47 mg/kg, respectively) were found in the non-Bt hybrids. The presence of transgenic insect protection (Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa or Cry1Ab) resulted in significant reductions in all grain quality measurements as compared with the non- Bt hybrids. Only grain obtained from Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa hybrids consistently had acceptable fumonisin content according to both US guidance levels and EU regulatory limits. These results indicate that Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa maize hybrids are more likely to yield high quality, low-fumonisin grain compared to hybrids expressing only Cry1Ab or lacking insect resistance.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fumonisin Concentrations in Kernels of Transgenic Bt Maize Hybrids and Nontransgenic Hybrids

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Munkvold ◽  
Richard L. Hellmich ◽  
Larry G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids

Maize hybrids genetically engineered with genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt maize) express CryIA(b) and other Cry proteins that are toxic to certain insects, particularly the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Maize kernel feeding by O. nubilalis often leads to infection by fungi in the genus Fusarium, including the fumonisin-producing species F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. In field experiments in 1995, 1996, and 1997, transgenic maize hybrids and near-isogenic, nontransgenic hybrids were manually infested with neonatal European corn borer larvae. Manual infestation increased Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin concentrations in kernels of nontransgenic hybrids. Transgenic hybrids with kernel expression of CryIA(b) consistently experienced less insect feeding on kernels and less Fusarium ear rot than their nontransgenic counterparts. In manually infested treatments, these hybrids also exhibited lower concentrations of fumonisins in kernels compared with their nontransgenic counterparts. In manually infested treatments in 1995, mean fumonisin B1 concentrations were 8.8 μg/g in the nontransgenic hybrid and 6.7 or 3.0 μg/g in transgenic hybrids. In 1996, mean fumonisin B1 concentrations in manually infested treatments were 4.9 μg/g (range 2.3 to 8.8) for nontransgenic and 1.2 μg/g (range 1.0 to 1.3) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression. Mean total fumonisin concentrations (fumonisin B1 + B2 + B3) were 7.0 μg/g (range 3.0 to 12.2) for nontransgenic and 1.7 μg/g (range 1.5 to 1.9) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression. In 1997, mean fumonisin B1 concentrations in manually infested treatments were 11.8 μg/g (range 7.6 to 17.3) for nontransgenic and 1.3 μg/g (range 0.8 to 2.2) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression of CryIA(b) or Cry9C. Mean total fumonisin concentrations were 16.5 μg/g (range 10.7 to 24.0) for nontransgenic and 2.1 μg/g (range 1.5 to 3.1) for transgenic hybrids with kernel expression. Transgenic hybrids that do not express CryIA(b) or Cry9C in kernels did not consistently have fumonisin concentrations different from the nontransgenic hybrids. Higher fumonisin concentrations in nontransgenic hybrids were associated with high European corn borer populations during the early reproductive stages of the maize plants. These results indicate that under some conditions, genetic engineering of maize for insect resistance may enhance its safety for animal and human consumption.

Influence of agricultural practices on Fusarium infection, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol contamination of maize kernels

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Blandino ◽  
A. Reyneri ◽  
F. Vanara ◽  
G. Tamietti ◽  
A. Pietri
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Maize Kernels

Mycotoxins in cereals are an economic and health problem. They are mainly produced in the field and are influenced by environmental conditions during ripening and by agricultural practices. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of combined agronomic techniques on fumonisins and deoxynivalenol contamination in maize kernels. Six experimental fields were prepared in North Italy from 2005 to 2007. Two hybrids with different maturity times and 6 different combinations of agricultural practices (sowing time, plant density, N fertilisation and European corn borer (ECB) control with insecticide) were compared for ECB incidence and severity, Fusarium ear rot incidence and severity, F. verticillioides and F. graminearum kernel infection and fumonisin and deoxynivalenol contamination. In temperate climates, where ECB attack is consistent, the production of maize kernels with a low fumonisin content can be enhanced by a correct insecticide application against second-generation ECB larvae and by an early sowing date. In this study the application of the most careful practice led to a reduction in the Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin by 62% and 91%, respectively, compared to the worst practice. The fumonisin levels were less affected by N fertility, plant density and hybrid maturity. The presence of deoxynivalenol is related to late sowing and harvesting times, late maturity hybrids, high plant density and N fertilisation. The insecticide treatments did not significantly reduce deoxynivalenol contamination. The data in this study clearly show that the application of good agricultural practices in crop management strategies can effectively lead to good control of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol.

scholarly journals BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO EUROPEAN CORN BORER IN SWEET CORN

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178c-1178
Author(s):  
David W. Davis ◽  
Elizabeth M. Lamb ◽  
Mary S. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Insect Resistance ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Gene Modification ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Borer ◽  
Breeding For Resistance

Insect resistance in vegetable crops carries a new urgency as insecticide availability and usage become more restricted. The European corn borer (ECB) long has been the most costly sweet corn pest in the northern states, with corn earworm (CEW) and southwestern stalk borer most serious farther south. Resistance to ECB and CEW, as developed by classical methods, will be discussed. Newer methods (such as RFLPs) should speed transfer of this resistance to commercial stocks, and also facilitate transfer of resistance from other species. Gene modification and endophyte exploitation are longer-term possibilities. Resistance must be free from association with undesirable traits, such as long silk channel length (r = 0.3 to 0.4), unless consumer and processor specifications change.

scholarly journals Fungal biodiversity on maize kernels in an insecticide evaluation trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Sonja Tancic-Zivanov ◽  
Mirjana Lalosevic ◽  
Radivoje Jevtic ◽  
Filip Franeta ◽  
Zeljko Milovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Evaluation Trial ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis and Fusarium ear rot Fusarium spp. pose a continuous threat to maize production worldwide. There are several reports indicating that ECB damage to maize ears promotes Fusarium ear rot infection. The aim of this study was to monitor the influence of different insecticide treatments (a.i. chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin) on the ECB and fungal diversity on maize kernels in the field in a four-year trial (2013-2016). A total of 16 different fungal genera were isolated from maize kernels, and Fusarium species were confirmed to be the dominant pathogens, present in all treatments, throughout the four years of experiments. The incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. was established to be low. Apart from Fusarium species, the most frequent genera were: Aspergillus spp., Mortierella spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Acremonium spp. and Rhizopus spp. Treatments with chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole+lambda-cyhalothrin showed higher efficacy, though not statistically significant, compared to indoxacarb, in reducing the number of ECB larvae and damage they cause. However, no direct effect on the number of isolated fungal genera has been observed in any of the three insecticide treatments.

scholarly journals Reduced Fusarium Ear Rot and Symptomless Infection in Kernels of Maize Genetically Engineered for European Corn Borer Resistance

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1071-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Munkvold ◽  
R. L. Hellmich ◽  
W. B. Showers
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Kernel Infection

Field experiments were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 to evaluate the incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot and the incidence of symp-tomless Fusarium infection in kernels of maize hybrids genetically engineered with Bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding for the δ-endotoxin CryIA(b). Treatments included manual infestation with European corn borer (ECB) larvae and insecticide applications to limit ECB activity to specific maize growth stages or mimic standard ECB control practices. Fusarium symptoms and infection were affected by the specific cryIA(b) transformation used in each hybrid that determines tissue-specific expression of CryIA(b). In hybrids expressing CryIA(b) in kernels, incidence and severity of Fusarium ear rot and incidence of symptomless kernel infection were reduced compared with near-isogenic hybrids lacking cryIA(b) genes. In plants that were manually infested with ECB, ear rot incidence was reduced by 87, 58, and 68%; severity was reduced by 96, 54, and 64%; and incidence of kernel infection by Fusarium species was reduced by 17, 38, and 38% in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. Results were similar in treatments that were not manually infested, but differences between transgenic and nontransgenic hybrids were smaller. Most kernel infection was due to F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans (section Liseola) collectively, and it was within this group that transgenic hybrids exhibited reduced infection. Expression of CryIA(b) in plant tissues other than kernels did not consistently affect Fusarium symptoms or infection. Disease incidence was positively correlated with ECB damage to kernels. Insecticide applications also reduced Fusarium symptoms and infection when applied to nontransgenic plants.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF CORN EARWORM AND EUROPEAN CORN BORER ON SWEET CORN, 1998

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. O'Rourke ◽  
E. C. Burkness ◽  
W. D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Corn Borer

scholarly journals The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Loredana SUCIU ◽  
Ana Maria VĂLEAN ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Ear Rot ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Resistance Reaction

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Colorado Potato Beetle and European Corn Borer Control with Insecticides, Pasquotank Co., Nc, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-131
Author(s):  
K. A. Sorensen ◽  
C. Wade Holloway
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hill Plots ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract ‘Atlantic’ potatoes were planted in early Mar for Tests 1 and 2 near Elizabeth City, N.C. on 42 inch centers. Plots in Test 1 were 14 ft long and in Test 2 20 ft long, with single row spacing replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates within rows. Treatments in Test 1 and Test 2 were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle (18X) operated at 60 psi to deliver 54.5 gal/acre. In Test 1 all treatments were applied on 5, 11 and 18 May. All treatments were applied to Test 2 on 5 May, with the exception of the 1/6 lb rate of Trigard 75WP in combination with Trigard 75WP at 1/3 lb rate which received the combination low rate (1/6 lb) 6 days later. On 11 May applications were applied to all treatments except for Trigard 75WP at the 1/3 lb, 2/3 lb (egg only) and Trigard 75WP 1/3 lb (egg only) plus Trigard 75WP at the 1/6 lb rate. At this time the low rate of the combination Trigard 75WP 1/6 lb rate was applied. Imidan 50WP at 2 lbs and Imidan 50WP at 2 lbs plus Butacide 8EC at 0.5 lbs was applied on 5, 11 and 18 May. Test 1 and Test 2 counts of CPB on 3/hill plots were made 11 and 18 May. Small larvae were assumed to be first and second instar, and large larvae, third and fourth instar. Visual CPB damage ratings were made 18 May and 15 Jun. Visual ECB ratings were made and potatoes harvested and yields recorded 15 Jun.

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