Interactions of deoxynivalenol and lipopolysaccharides on tissue protein synthesis in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kullik ◽  
B. Brosig ◽  
S. Kersten ◽  
H. Valenta ◽  
A.-K. Diesing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Fusarium Toxin ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

Possible interactions between the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol and lipopolysaccharides on in vivo protein synthesis were investigated in selected porcine tissues. A total of 36 male castrated pigs (initial weight of 26 kg) were used. 24 pigs were fed a control diet and 12 a Fusarium-contaminated diet (chronic oral deoxynivalenol, 3.1 mg/kg diet) for 37 days. Tissue protein synthesis was measured in pigs fed control diet after intravenous infusion of deoxynivalenol (100 µg/kg live weight/h), lipopolysaccharides (7.5 µg/kg live weight/h) or a combination of both compounds on the day of the measurements, while six pigs from the chronic oral deoxynivalenol group were intravenously treated with lipopolysaccharides (7.5 µg/kg live weight/h). Deoxynivalenol challenge alone failed to alter protein synthesis parameters. Fractional protein synthesis rates were exclusively reduced in liver, spleen and small intestine of lipopolysaccharides-treated pigs. Intravenous deoxynivalenol co-exposure enhanced the impacts of lipopolysaccharides on protein synthesis parameters in the spleen and the small intestine to some extent, while a chronic oral pre-exposure with deoxynivalenol relieved its effects in the spleen. Whether these interactions occur in other tissues and under other study conditions, especially toxin doses and route of entry into the body, needs to be examined further.

Effects of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol on tissue protein synthesis in pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S DANICKE ◽  
T GOYARTS ◽  
S DOLL ◽  
N GROVE ◽  
M SPOLDERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Fusarium Toxin ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

scholarly journals Responses in tissue protein synthesis to sub- and supra- maintenance intake in young growing sheep: comparison of large-dose and continuous-infusion techniques

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
Patricia M. Harris ◽  
Pat A. Skene ◽  
D. Brown ◽  
E. Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
True Rate ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Export Protein

In ten lambs (average live weight 33 kg), five offered 300 g/d (approximately 0.6 x maintenance; L) and five 900 g/d (1.8 x maintenance; H), tissue protein synthesis was measured by three procedures simultaneously. The techniques involved continuous infusion of [U-14C]phenylalanine and [1-13C]leucine over 7–8 h followed by a terminal large dose of [15N]phenylalanine during the last 30 or 60 min. Rates of protein synthesis were then calculated based on the free amino acid or oxo-acid isotopic activity in either arterial, iliac venous blood or tissue homogenate for the continuous-infusion studies, or on plasma or tissue homogenate for the large-dose procedure. For muscle (> 99%), and to a lesser extent skin (85–93%), effective flood conditions were achieved with the [15N]phenylalanine but were either not established or maintained for liver and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract (< 50%). The large dose of phenylalanine also caused changes in the concentration and isotopic activity of blood leucine and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate. Based on the assumption that the large-dose procedure yields the closest value for the true rate of protein synthesis (L 1.97%/d, H 2.85%/d) then, for muscle, only values based on the homogenate as precursor gave comparable results for both leucine (L 1.83%/d, H 3.01%/d) and phenylalanine (L 1.67%/d, H 2.71%/d) continuous infusion. The values based on the arterial or venous amino or oxo-acid were significantly less, more so at the lower intake. In contrast, for skin, a tissue dominated by export protein synthesis, values from the large-dose procedure (L 6.37%/d, H 10.98%/d) were similar to those derived with arterial or venous metabolites as precursor (L 5.23 and 6.93%/d, H 9.98 and 11.71%/d for leucine), but much less than those based on homogenate data. Based on the large-dose technique, protein synthesis increased with intake in muscle (P < 0.001), skin (P = 0.009) and liver (26.7 v. 30.5%/d; P = 0.029). The contributions of muscle and skin to total protein synthesis were approximately equal. The incremental efficiency of conversion for muscle of synthesized protein into deposition appeared to be similar to values reported for rodents

Conditions that alter rates of tissue protein synthesis in vivo

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGARET A. McNURLAN ◽  
VIRGINIA M. PAIN ◽  
PETER J. GARLICK
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

Intrauterine growth restriction does not alter response of protein synthesis to feeding in newborn pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. E877-E884 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Davis ◽  
M. L. Fiorotto ◽  
D. G. Burrin ◽  
W. G. Pond ◽  
H. V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Newborn Pigs

This study aimed to determine the effect of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on the acute response of tissue protein synthesis to feeding in newborn pigs. Newborn pigs of sows fed either control or protein-restricted diets throughout gestation were designated C or IUGR, respectively. Both groups were either fasted for 9 h after birth or fed hourly 30 ml colostrum/kg body wt for 2.75 h after a 6-h fast. Fractional rates of tissue protein synthesis (Ks) were measured in vivo with a flooding dose of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine. Birth weight was reduced by 33% in IUGR pigs. IUGR had no effect on Ks in skeletal muscles, heart, liver, jejunum, or pancreas. Feeding stimulated tissue Ks similarly in C and IUGR pigs. Fasting plasma insulin concentrations and their rise with feeding were unaffected by IUGR. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were reduced by 42% in IUGR pigs and were not altered by feeding in either IUGR or C pigs. There were positive nonlinear relationships between tissue Ks and circulating concentrations of insulin. The results indicate that, in newborn pigs, tissue Ks are unaffected by IUGR, despite reduced plasma IGF-I concentrations. The efficiency with which nutrients stimulate tissue Ks is also not altered by IUGR, perhaps because the rise in plasma insulin concentrations with feeding is unaffected by IUGR.

Whole-body and tissue protein synthesis during brief and prolonged fasting in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Cherel ◽  
Didier Attaix ◽  
Danuta Rosolowska-Huszcz ◽  
Rajae Belkhou ◽  
Jean-Patrice Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fractional Synthesis

1. Little information is currently available on protein turnover during chronic protein loss situations. We have thus measured the whole-body and tissue protein fractional synthesis rates (ks), the whole-body fractional protein degradation rate (kd), the capacity for protein synthesis (Cs) and the efficiency of protein synthesis (kRNA) in vivo in fed and fasted (1, 5 and about 9 days) 400 g rats. 2. One day of starvation resulted in a reduced ks and an increased kd in the whole body. ks was selectively depressed in skeletal muscles, mainly owing to a reduced kRNA, and was not modified in heart, liver and skin. The contribution of skin to whole-body protein synthesis increased by 39%. 3. During the phase of protein sparing (5 days of fasting), kd in the whole body decreased below the control fed level. ks in skeletal muscles was sustained because kRNA was restored to 82–98% of the control value. 4. Rats were in a protein-wasting phase after 9 days of starvation. kd in the whole body did not increase and was actually 78% of the value observed in fed animals. By contrast, ks in the whole body and tissues decreased to 14–34% of the control values, owing to reductions in both Cs and kRNA. Whatever the duration of the fast, the contribution of the skin to whole-body protein synthesis largely exceeded that of skeletal muscle. 5. The present findings suggest that the main goal in the treatment of chronic protein loss should be to sustain protein synthesis. Our data also emphasize the importance of skin in whole-body protein synthesis in fasting and possibly in other protein loss situations.

GH and IGF-I differentially increase protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and jejunum of parenterally fed rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. E872-E878 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Lo ◽  
D. M. Ney
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) selectively increase tissue mass. We compared the fractional rate of protein synthesis (Ks in skeletal muscle, jejunal mucosa and muscularis, and liver to investigate the differential effects of GH and IGF-I on tissue protein synthesis. Surgically stressed rats were maintained with hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and given recombinant human (rh) GH (rhGH), rhIGF-I, rhGH + rhIGF-I (800 or 800 + 800 micrograms/day, respectively), or TPN alone. After 3 days, a flooding dose of valine (800 mumol with 5.56 MBq L-[3,4-3H]valine) was administered, and rats were killed 20 min later. Body weight gain, nitrogen retention, and serum IGF-I concentrations confirmed that GH plus IGF-I additively increased anabolism. Serum insulin concentrations were significantly increased by GH and decreased by IGF-I. GH significantly increased Ks in skeletal muscle and jejunal muscularis, IGF-I significantly increased Ks in jejunal mucosa and muscularis, and neither GH nor IGF-I altered Ks in liver. GH and IGF-I differentially increase tissue protein synthesis in vivo.

scholarly journals Tissue protein synthesis and nucleic acid concentrations in steers treated with somatotropin

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Eisemann ◽  
A. C. Hammond ◽  
T. S. Rumsey
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis

The effect of injection with bovine somatotropin (bST) on the fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR) in tissues of beef steers was studied using a continuous infusion of [1-14C]leucine. Minimum and maximum FSR were calculated from free leucine specific radioactivity (SRA) in plasma or tissue homogenate respectively. Tissue nucleic acid concentrations were also quantified. Tissue samples were obtained from several muscles, sections of the small intestine and liver. In response to bST, both minimum and maximum FSR increased in muscle but not liver or intestinal tissues. Absolute synthesis rate increased in several muscles and small intestine tissues. Treatment with bST increased the relative SRA of protein-bound leucine in muscles compared with liver; increased the amount of protein synthesis per unit empty body-weight (EBW) in most muscles; and increased weight of small intestine relative to EBW, suggesting a differential response between liver and the other tissues measured. Compositional changes in response to bST occurred only in muscles. DNA concentration increased while protein:DNA decreased in the gastrocnemius muscle and RNA:DNA increased in the longissimus dorsi. The maximum percentage contribution of tissue protein synthesis to whole-body protein synthesis was 12·6, 25·7 and 20·5, and 13·0, 29·4 and 25·8 for liver, muscle, and small intestine in placebo-treated and bST-injected steers respectively.

Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and jejunum is more responsive to feeding in 7-than in 26-day-old pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. E802-E809 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Davis ◽  
D. G. Burrin ◽  
M. L. Fiorotto ◽  
H. V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

The study aimed to determine the developmental changes in the response of peripheral and visceral tissue protein synthesis to feeding during early postnatal life and the associated changes in circulating insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), and amino acid concentrations. Tissue protein synthesis was measured in vivo with a large dose of L-[4(-3)H]phenylalanine in 7- and 26-day-old pigs that were either fasted for 24 h or refed for 2.75 h after a 24-h fast. Fractional rates of protein synthesis (Ks) in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver were greater in 7-than in 26-day-old pigs. Refeeding stimulated Ks in skeletal muscle, pancreas, jejunum, and liver of both 7-and 26-day-old pigs. The stimulation of skeletal muscle and jejunal Ks by refeeding was greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were lower in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. Plasma concentrations of insulin and amino acids increased with refeeding. The increase in plasma insulin concentrations with refeeding was greater in 7- than in 26-days-old pigs. These results indicate that the stimulation in skeletal muscle and jejunal protein synthesis by feeding is elevated in young compared with older suckling pigs. This enhanced stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding in neonatal pigs is associated with elevated circulating concentrations of insulin but not amino acids or IGF-I.

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