Effects of vacuum and multiflash drying on the microbiota and colour of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
R.E.Y. Seho ◽  
R.L. Monteiro ◽  
J. De Dea Lindner ◽  
M. Miotto ◽  
B.A.M. Carciofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Food And Feed

Larvae of Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm; YM) are an alternative to conventional animal protein as food and feed thanks to their high nutritional value and low environmental impact for production. Since some studies have reported high water activity (aw) with different microbial contamination levels, blanching and drying can be employed to reduce microbial load, enzymatic activity, moisture content, and water activity, ensuring safety and preserving YM for longer periods. This study applied rinsing or blanching followed by vacuum- or multiflash drying, aiming to preserve YM by reducing aw and the microbial load, enabling its use as food and feed. The processing impact on YM colour was evaluated, and they were also subjected to an Escherichia coli contaminated wheat bran to perform a challenge test to evaluate the effectiveness of the decontamination. Drying curves were determined for each situation. Multiflash drying procedure was faster than vacuum drying for reducing YM moisture. Additionally, blanched samples required a shorter period to reach the targeted water activity (0.2-0.3) than rinsed samples. Blanching plus vacuum drying reduced more than 5 log E. coli load in YM in the challenge test. Vacuum drying preserved YM brightness the most. In conclusion, this study showed that drying could provide shelf-stable YM. Besides, only 15 s of blanching before drying gives better brightness and leads to a greater microbial reduction after a relatively short drying time.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Drying Methods on Nutrient Quality of the Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kröncke ◽  
Sandra Grebenteuch ◽  
Claudia Keil ◽  
Sebastian Demtröder ◽  
Lothar Kroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Oven Drying

Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) represents a sustainable source of proteins and fatty acids for feed and food. Industrial production of mealworms necessitates optimized processing techniques, where drying as the first postharvest procedure is of utmost importance for the quality of the final product. This study examines the nutritional quality of mealworm larvae processed by rack oven drying, vacuum drying or freeze drying, respectively. Proximate composition and fatty acid profile were comparable between the dried larvae. In contrast, larvae color impressions and volatile compound profiles were very much dependent on processing procedure. High-temperature rack oven drying caused pronounced darkening with rather low content of volatiles, pointing toward the progress of Maillard reaction. On the other hand, vacuum drying or freeze drying led to enrichment of volatile Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation intermediates, whose actual sensory relevance needs to be clarified in the future. Beyond sensory and visual importance drying intermediates have to be considered with regard to their metal ion chelating ability; in particular for essential trace elements such as Zn2+. This study found comparable total zinc contents for the differently dried mealworm samples. However, dried larvae, in particular after rack oven drying, had only low zinc accessibility, which was between 20% and 40%. Therefore, bioaccessibility rather than total zinc has to be considered when their contribution to meeting the nutritional requirements for zinc in humans and animals is evaluated.

scholarly journals The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) genome: a resource for the emerging insects as food and feed industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
T. Eriksson ◽  
A.A. Andere ◽  
H. Kelstrup ◽  
V.J. Emery ◽  
C.J. Picard
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Darkling Beetle ◽  
The Face ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Insects As Food ◽  
Emerging Insects

The yellow mealworm, the larval stage of the darkling beetle Tenebrio molitor, shows great promise as an alternative source of animal protein. Herein we present the 312 Mb draft genome assembled using 10x Genomics linked-read technology to inform research efforts and to provide resources to optimise yellow mealworm for mass production and consumption. The genome with a contig N50 of 39,478 bp contains 89% of conserved arthropod genes among the > 20,000 genes assembled (complete and partial genes). This draft assembly represents a valuable resource to understanding T. molitor biology as a means of producing alternative, sustainable protein for the growing population and in the face of changing climates.

Evaluation of a New Dip-Stick Test for the Rapid Detection of Salmonella in Food

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN BRINKMAN ◽  
ROB VAN BEURDEN ◽  
RENALD MACKINTOSH ◽  
RIJKELT BEUMER
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
High Water ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Enrichment Procedure ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
Food And Feed

A new commercial dip-stick method (PATH-STIK) for the rapid detection of Salmonella was evaluated. The test is based on immunochromatographic technology, known from simple clinical diagnostics like the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pregnancy tests. Results can be obtained 10 min after completion of the Salmonella enrichment procedure. In total, 94 samples of various origin were screened in this study, The samples used were suspected to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella, thus reflecting the most realistic situation. The new dip-stick method was compared to the ISO 6579 (1990) reference method for the detection of Salmonella in food and feed. Overall specificity of the dip-stick test in comparison with the ISO method was 96.4%; the overall sensitivity in this study was 93.0%. For products with a low water activity, specificity and sensitivity were 97.7 and 88.2% respectively. Products with a high water activity resulted in a specificity of 92.3% and a sensitivity of 96.2%. Since the enrichment procedure for the dip-stick test is based on the official ISO method, this user-friendly method can be used as a rapid screening tool for the detection of Salmonella in food or feed samples.

Lipid fingerprinting of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S. G. B. Gowda ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
E. Hasegawa ◽  
H. Chiba ◽  
S. P. Hui
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
First Time

Insects such as Tenebrio molitor have been considered an alternative source of nutrition for animals and have also been adopted as human food throughout history, especially in Asia and Africa. Lipids are the second most abundant component followed by proteins. However, studies focusing on comprehensive lipid composition analsysis of these widely reared species are limited. The untargeted lipidomic analysis of yellow mealworm larvae (T. molitor) led to the identification of several lipid molecular species from lipid classes such as: free fatty acids, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols. The results revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (45%) are the most abundant fatty acids, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (42%) and saturated fatty acids (13%). Fatty acids such as FA 18:1 and FA 18:2 are the most abundant fatty acids and are substantially enriched in other complex lipids in the form of esters. Moreover, functional lipids such as sphingomyelins, ceramides, cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositols, and phosphatidylethanolamines were characterised for the first time, with a large number of MUFAs and PUFAs as their main acyl chains. Overall, our data showed the occurrence of multiple structurally diverse lipids in T. molitor, suggesting that mealworms are not only enriched with proteins but also have several functional lipids, which are highly beneficial to human and animal health. Thus, the larvae of T. molitor could serve as a promising candidate for the development of functional food and feed products.

scholarly journals Drying of ‘yacon’ pretreated by pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 560-565
Author(s):  
Letícia F. Oliveira ◽  
Jefferson L. G. Corrêa ◽  
Paula G. Silveira ◽  
Marina B. Vilela ◽  
João R. de J. Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT In this study, the ‘yacon’ was dried using pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration as pretreatment followed by vacuum drying (at different temperatures) or convective drying. The use of osmotic dehydration and vacuum drying had their influence evaluated concerning drying kinetics and quality of the final product, considering fructan retention, color, and water activity. Fick’s second law and Page’s equation were suitable for the fitting of drying evolution. It was observed that higher temperatures (60 °C) resulted in shorter drying time, higher diffusivity, and higher fructan retention when compared to 40 and 50 °C. The osmotic pretreatment and the vacuum drying differed in fructan retention (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, the dried product, osmotically pretreated, presented a shorter drying time. The best condition was vacuum drying at 60 ºC, preceded by pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration that resulted in fructan retention of approximately 38% in a quicker, higher diffusivity and lighter color product concerning the other tested conditions.

Biosynthesis and Secretion of Serine Peptidase SerP38 from Tenebrio molitor in the Yeast Komagataella kurtzmanii

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
P.I. Akentyev ◽  
I.I. Gubaidullin ◽  
N.I. Zhiganov ◽  
V.F. Tereshchenkova ◽  
E.N. Elpidina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Enzyme Secretion ◽  
Trypsin Treatment ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Serine Peptidase

A strain of the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast, a producer of recombinant peptidase SerP38 from the yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor, has been obtained. The level of the pro-enzyme secretion was 20-50 mg/L. It was shown that, during secretion in yeast, the target His6-tagged protein was produced in two forms. One of them was a monomer that was efficiently purified by Ni-NTA chromatography and then activated with trypsin. Another form accumulated in the culture medium as oligomers prone to aggregation in the presence of Ni2+ ions and was not activated by trypsin treatment. Aggregation is likely the result of incorrect folding of the polypeptide chain. Tenebrio molitor, S1 family serine peptidase, SerP38, yeast, Komagataella kurtzmanii, ion-dependent aggregation

scholarly journals Graded Incorporation of Defatted Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rema ◽  
Subramanian Saravanan ◽  
Benjamin Armenjon ◽  
Constant Motte ◽  
Jorge Dias
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Insects are emerging as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. This study assessed the effect of graded incorporation levels of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) protein meal on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, body composition, and apparent nutrient digestibility. The trial comprised five dietary treatments: control diet with 25% fishmeal, and four experimental diets with yellow mealworm protein meal at 5%, 7.5%, 15%, or 25%, which corresponded to a fishmeal replacement of 20%, 30%, 60%, or 100%, respectively. After 90 days, the graded incorporation of insect protein meal led to a significant stepwise increase in final body weight, and a significant improvement of specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio compared to the control treatment. Regardless of the incorporation level, the insect protein meal had no effects on fish whole-body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fat, phosphorus, and energy. Protein, phosphorus, and energy retention significantly increased in fish fed the diets with an insect protein meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm protein meal could effectively replace 100% of fishmeal in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout with positive effects on its overall zootechnical performance.

Moisture migration in a cereal composite food at high water activity: Effects of initial porosity and fat content

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Roca ◽  
Valérie Guillard ◽  
Stéphane Guilbert ◽  
Nathalie Gontard
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Initial Porosity ◽  
Moisture Migration
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