scholarly journals Impact of heat treatment on microbiota of black soldier fly larvae reared on soybean curd residues

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A.A. Soomro ◽  
M. Cai ◽  
Z.A. Laghari ◽  
L. Zheng ◽  
K. ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Soybean Curd ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Entomophagy has emerged as an alternative and viable source of high-quality animal-derived proteins and fats for livestock production or as a human food supplement. The use of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a dietary protein source for animals needs to be hygienically safe. The authors analysed the microbial community structure of the BSFL raised on different diets and investigated the effect of various heat treatments on the bacterial composition through 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. The results revealed that the diet of BSFL could alter the bacterial community structure. However, there are substantial differences in the abundance or diversity of individual bacterial populations. The bacterial community was dominated by four common phyla, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. Most of the samples show the presence of some potential foodborne pathogens such as Bacillus, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Helicobacter, and Enterococcus. Furthermore, looking at the microbial community structure of BSFL, the post-harvest heat treatment showed a significant effect on human pathogens when compared to those in the control group without heat treatment. Enterococcus in BSFL raised on soybean curd residues (SCR) diet disappeared after heat treatments in all groups. Moreover, Staphylococcus in BSFL raised on artificial feed (AF) diet disappeared after heat treatment. The heat-treated samples of BSFL reared on SCR, and AF (Group OD22 samples dried in the oven for 22 minutes and at a temperature of 150 °C) had a better influence on the community structure as compared to all heat treatments. This study provides the baseline data on the microbial composition and potential pathogens of BSFL reared on different dietary sources and showed the effect of different heat treatments on the microbial community.

scholarly journals Interaction between typical sulfonamides and bacterial diversity in drinking water

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wu ◽  
Shuqun Li ◽  
Xiaofei Zhao ◽  
Xinhua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Abstract The abuse of antibiotics is becoming more serious as antibiotic use has increased. The sulfa antibiotics, sulfamerazine (SM1) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), are frequently detected in a wide range of environments. The interaction between SM1/SMZ and bacterial diversity in drinking water was investigated in this study. The results showed that after treatment with SM1 or SMZ at four different concentrations, the microbial community structure of the drinking water changed statistically significantly compared to the blank sample. At the genus level, the proportions of the different bacteria in drinking water may affect the degradation of the SM1/SMZ. The growth of bacteria in drinking water can be inhibited after the addition of SM1/SMZ, and bacterial community diversity in drinking water declined in this study. Furthermore, the resistance gene sul2 was induced by SM1 in the drinking water.

scholarly journals Black Soldier Fly Larvae Can Effectively Degrade Oxytetracycline Bacterial Residue by Means of the Gut Bacterial Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuncheng Liu ◽  
Huaiying Yao ◽  
Cunwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Soya Meal ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Environmental Health Risk ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Bacterial Function

Antibiotic bacterial residue is a unique hazardous waste, and its safe and effective disposal has always been a concern of pharmaceutical enterprises. This report presents the effective treatment of hazardous waste—antibiotic bacterial residue—by black soldier fly larvae (larvae), oxytetracycline bacterial residue (OBR), and soya meal with mass ratios of 0:1 (soya), 1:20 (OBRlow), and 1:2 (OBRhigh), which were used as substrates for larval bioconversion. Degradation of OBR and oxytetracycline, the bacterial community, the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the bacterial function in the gut were examined. When the larvae were harvested, 70.8, 59.3, and 54.5% of the substrates had been consumed for soya, OBRlow and OBRhigh; 65.9 and 63.3% of the oxytetracycline was degraded effectively in OBRlow and OBRhigh, respectively. The larval bacterial communities were affected by OBR, abundant and various ARGs were discovered in the gut, and metabolism was the major predicted function of the gut. These findings show that OBR can be digested and converted by larvae with gut bacteria, and the larvae can be used as a bioremediation tool for the treatment of hazardous waste. Finally, the abundant ARGs in the gut deserve further attention and consideration in environmental health risk assessments.

scholarly journals Potential of protein and lipid productions from black soldier fly larvae fed with mixture of waste coconut endosperm and soybean curd residue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti-Nuraini Mohd-Noor ◽  
Jun-Wei Lim ◽  
Mah-Tazam-Azuri Mah-Hussin ◽  
Anita Ramli ◽  
Thiam-Leng Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Soybean Curd ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Soybean Curd Residue

Conversion of mixtures of dairy manure and soybean curd residue by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif ur Rehman ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Minmin Cai ◽  
Longyu Zheng ◽  
Xiaopeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Soybean Curd ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Soybean Curd Residue

scholarly journals Biome-Level Biogeography of Streambed Microbiota

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3014-3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Findlay ◽  
Christine Yeates ◽  
Meredith A. J. Hullar ◽  
David A. Stahl ◽  
Louis A. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Microbial Community Structures

ABSTRACT A field study was conducted to determine the microbial community structures of streambed sediments across diverse geographic and climatic areas. Sediment samples were collected from three adjacent headwater forest streams within three biomes, eastern deciduous (Pennsylvania), southeastern coniferous (New Jersey), and tropical evergreen (Guanacaste, Costa Rica), to assess whether there is biome control of stream microbial community structure. Bacterial abundance, microbial biomass, and bacterial and microbial community structures were determined using classical, biochemical, and molecular methods. Microbial biomass, determined using phospholipid phosphate, was significantly greater in the southeastern coniferous biome, likely due to the smaller grain size, higher organic content, and lower levels of physical disturbance of these sediments. Microbial community structure was determined using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and bacterial community structure from terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and edited (microeukaryotic PLFAs removed) PLFA profiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate patterns in total microbial community structure. The first principal component separated streams based on the importance of phototrophic microeukaryotes within the community, while the second separated southeastern coniferous streams from all others based on increased abundance of fungal PLFAs. PCA also indicated that within- and among-stream variations were small for tropical evergreen streams and large for southeastern coniferous streams. A similar analysis of bacterial community structure indicated that streams within biomes had similar community structures, while each biome possessed a unique streambed community, indicating strong within-biome control of stream bacterial community structure.

scholarly journals Functional plasticity in oyster gut microbiomes along a eutrophication gradient in an urbanized estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Stevick ◽  
Anton F. Post ◽  
Marta Gómez-Chiarri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Oysters in coastal environments are subject to fluctuating environmental conditions that may impact the ecosystem services they provide. Oyster-associated microbiomes are responsible for some of these services, particularly nutrient cycling in benthic habitats. The effects of climate change on host-associated microbiome composition are well-known, but functional changes and how they may impact host physiology and ecosystem functioning are poorly characterized. We investigated how environmental parameters affect oyster-associated microbial community structure and function along a trophic gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Adult eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, gut and seawater samples were collected at 5 sites along this estuarine nutrient gradient in August 2017. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize bacterial community structures and metatranscriptomes were sequenced to determine oyster gut microbiome responses to local environments. Results There were significant differences in bacterial community structure between the eastern oyster gut and water samples, suggesting selection of certain taxa by the oyster host. Increasing salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, and decreasing nitrate, nitrite and phosphate concentrations were observed along the North to South gradient. Transcriptionally active bacterial taxa were similar for the different sites, but expression of oyster-associated microbial genes involved in nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) cycling varied throughout the Bay, reflecting the local nutrient regimes and prevailing environmental conditions. Conclusions The observed shifts in microbial community composition and function inform how estuarine conditions affect host-associated microbiomes and their ecosystem services. As the effects of estuarine acidification are expected to increase due to the combined effects of eutrophication, coastal pollution, and climate change, it is important to determine relationships between host health, microbial community structure, and environmental conditions in benthic communities.

scholarly journals Impact of Heat Treatment on the Microbiological Quality of Frass Originating from Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Noor Van Looveren ◽  
Dries Vandeweyer ◽  
Leen Van Campenhout
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Impact

Since black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens) are being produced at substantial volumes, concomitantly large amounts of the resulting by-product, called frass, are generated. This frass can potentially be applied as valuable plant fertilizer or soil improver. Since frass carries high microbial counts, potentially including foodborne pathogens, safety problems for consumers should be prevented. A heat treatment of 70 °C for 60 min is proposed to reduce harmful organisms in insect frass, based on EU regulations ((EU) No. 2021/1925). This study evaluated for the first time the impact of the proposed heat treatment on BSFL frass. This was done by applying the treatment on uninoculated frass as well as on frass inoculated with Salmonella or Clostridium perfringens at 5.0 log cfu/g. The heat treatment resulted in a reduction (maximum one log-cycle) of total viable counts and did not noticeably reduce bacterial endospores. In contrast, Enterobacteriaceae counts were reduced to below the detection limit (10 cfu/g). Heat treatment of inoculated frass resulted in absence of Salmonella in 25 g of frass and reduction of vegetative C. perfringens to below the detection limit (1 cfu/g). The proposed heat treatment appears to be appropriate to meet the microbiological regulations for insect frass.

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