Impact of hexane defatting on characteristics of Patanga succincta L. powder and its application on nutritional improvement of biscuit stick

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
S. Indriani ◽  
S. Nalinanon ◽  
S. Karnjanapratum
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Nutritional Improvement ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Lower Peroxide

Impact of hexane defatting on physicochemical, oxidative stability and total volatile compounds of Bombay locust (Patanga succincta L.) powder ‘BL’ were studied. Defatted insect powder (F/BL) showed marked decrease in fat content (1.2%) with significantly (P≤0.05) higher protein content (78.7%), compared with those of BL (29.8% fat and 56.5% protein). Based on electrophoresis result, hexane defatting had no effect on peptide distribution of insect powders. F/BL had lower peroxide value with better oxidative stability (P≤0.05), while less variety of volatiles with more off-flavour compounds, particularly lipid oxidation and insect hormone odours, were observed from BL. F/BL was confirmed as an excellent source of amino acids and minerals. The physicochemical and sensory properties of F/BL fortified biscuit stick and the final products were determined. F/BL fortified biscuit stick showed a better acceptance, compared with those from BL at the same level used. Based on sensory characteristics, biscuit stick with 10% F/BL (F/BL-10) was selected and studied for its chemical composition and microstructure. F/BL-10 possessed more porous structure with higher protein and lower energy value, compared with those from 10% BL. Overall, defatted Bombay locusts could be an effective alternative protein source with excellent applicability to baked products, particularly biscuit stick.

STUDY OF AMINO ACID MODIFIERS IN GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen McMahan ◽  
Dhondup Lhamo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thermal Oxidative Stability ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Guayule, a desert shrub indigenous to the United States, is under development as a source of natural rubber that can be used in place of petroleum-based rubber or Hevea rubber. In natural rubbers, physical and chemical properties can be strongly affected by nonrubber constituents, typically proteins and lipids, present in the material, depending on the plant species and postharvest processing. Hevea natural rubber typically contains high levels of nonrubber constituents that contribute to thermal-oxidative stability, cure acceleration, and especially strain-induced crystallization. The latter has been attributed to compound properties that render Hevea natural rubber uniquely suited for the most demanding rubber applications (e.g., aircraft tires). Hevea proteins are susceptible to hydrolysis, releasing free amino acids into the latex, which can affect rubber and compound properties. Here, low-protein guayule latex was blended with a series of amino acids varying in chemical structure. Bulk viscosity was reduced, thermal-oxidative stability was improved, and cure rate was influenced by the addition of amino acids. Generally, gel formation, green strength, and tensile strength were not affected. The results introduce a new perspective for amino acids as biobased rubber compound additives and provide insights into naturally occurring nonrubber constituents' interaction with natural rubber polymers.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Characteristics of Nigerian Local Cheese (‘Wara’)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adeyeye EI ◽  
◽  
Idowu OT ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Better Than

This article reports the amino acid composition of the Nigerian local cheese called ‘wara’. ‘Wara’ is made by boiling cow milk with some added coagulant to cuddle the milk protein resulting in coagulated milk protein and whey. ‘Wara’ used to be an excellent source of nutrients such as proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Samples were purchased in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Amino acid values were high (g/100g crude protein) in Leu, Asp, Glu, Pro, Phe, Arg with total value of 97.7. The quality parameters of the amino acids were: TEAA (42.6g/100g and 43.6%) whereas TNEAA (55.1g/100g and 56.4%); TArAA (12.8g/100g and 13.1%); TBAA (14.2g/100g and 14.5%); TSAA (3.10g/100g and 3.17%); %Cys in TSAA (51.4); Leu/Ile ratio (1.74); P-PER1 (2.65); P-PER2 (2.48); P-PER3 (2.41); EAAI1 (soybean standard) (1.29) and EAAI2 (egg standard) (99.9); BV (97.2) and Lys/Trp ratio (3.62). The statistical analysis of TEAA/TNEAA at r=0.01 was not significantly different. On the amino acid scores, Met was limiting (0.459) at egg comparison, Lys was limiting at both FAO/WHO [24] and preschool EAA requirements with respective values of 0.966 and 0.97. Estimates of essential amino acid requirements at ages 10-12 years (mg/kg/day) showed the ‘wara’ sample to be better than the standard by 3.72-330% with Lys (3.72%) being least better and Trp (330%) being most. The results showed that ‘wara’ is protein-condensed which can be eaten as raw cheese, flavoured snack, sandwich filling or fried cake.

EFFECT OF PROTEIN ADDITION ON PROPERTIES OF GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhondup Lhamo ◽  
Colleen McMahan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Green Strength ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Oxidative Resistance ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
General Protein ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Parthenium argentatum, commonly known as guayule, is a desert shrub cultivated as a domestic source of natural rubber in the semi-arid southwestern United States. Guayule natural rubber (GR) may be used to replace petroleum-based rubber or in place of Hevea natural rubber (NR), but substitution must take into consideration differences in physical and chemical properties. Currently, Hevea NR is required in tire applications, especially aircraft and truck tires, because of its high oxidative resistance, rapid cure rate, and exceptional stress–strain response. These outstanding features are attributed to the presence of nonrubber constituents, mainly proteins and lipids, which cause the rubber to gel, and they contribute to strain-induced crystallization. In contrast, GR is low in proteins and is thus deprived of some attributes of Hevea. Addition of amino acids and proteins to guayule could potentially improve performance and thereby widen the range of applications for use. In a previous study, amino acids blended with GR latex improved thermo-oxidative stability, served as plasticizers and cure accelerators, and enhanced green strength slightly, but tensile strength was not improved. Here, a series of bio-based commercial proteins (gelatin, soy, albumin, casein, zein, gliadin, and gluten) were added to GR as a latex blend. In general, protein addition reduced bulk viscosity and improved thermo-oxidative stability. The gel content and green strength of the polymer–protein blends were increased, with the exception of gliadin, but not to levels observed for Hevea. Effects on vulcanization and mechanical properties in compounds were surprisingly influenced by the choice of antioxidants used. Our results demonstrate the potential of proteins as bio-based rubber compounding additives.

Mutual effects between aromatic amino acids and guanosine upon vitamin B2 photosensitization in the presence of visible light

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 684-690
Author(s):  
M. Paulina Montaña ◽  
Gabriela Ferrari ◽  
Eduardo Gatica ◽  
José Natera ◽  
Walter Massad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Singlet Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Superoxide Radical Anion ◽  
The Individual

Considering the importance of the visible-light-induced photodynamic effect in complex bioenvironments, mutual effects between the individual aromatic amino acids (AAs) tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), and histidine (His) and the nucleoside guanosine (GUO) were investigated in pH 7 aqueous solution with vitamin B2 (riboflavin (Rf)) as a dye sensitizer. The quantum yields of oxygen uptake (Φ–O2) for most of the AA−GUO mixtures studied, taken as a measure of overall photooxidation susceptibility, are not straightforwardly predictable from the individual behaviour of the components of the mixture. The final result depends on several connected factors, such as the respective abilities of the substrates as quenchers of the long-lived Rf triplet excited state and the generated reactive oxygen species singlet molecular oxygen (O2(1Δg)) and superoxide radical anion ([Formula: see text]). A mechanistic interpretation of the Rf-sensitized results can be roughly resumed as follows: Tyr at pH 7 exerts a protective effect on the photooxidation of the mixture Tyr−GUO due to the O2(1Δg) physical quenching by the AA. The same effect was observed for Trp−GUO and His−GUO at pH 7. In these cases, it is attributed to the quenching of 3Rf* by GUO in detriment of the Type II route. For the system Tyr−GUO at pH 9, a marked decrease in the Φ–O2 occurred for the mixture as compared with the respective Φ–O2 for the individual components. It was ascribed to the participation of a radical-mediated mechanism without oxygen consumption in a competitive pathway with the [Formula: see text]-mediated route.

In vivo incorporation of [U]-14C-amino acids: an alternative protein labelling procedure for use in examining larval digestive physiology

Aquaculture ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 235 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 553-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd K Tonheim ◽  
Marit Espe ◽  
Arnt J Raae ◽  
Maria J Darias ◽  
Ivar Rønnestad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Protein Labelling ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Labelling Procedure

scholarly journals Tambir : Jamur Alam Papua yang Berpotensi sebagai Jamur Konsumsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Supeni Sufaati ◽  
Vita Purnamasari ◽  
Verena Agustini ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Local People ◽  
Alternative Protein

Fungi has several role for humankind, one of them is as food. The potency of wild edible mushrooms as a source of nutrition still need to be explored to support national food security. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of nutrient content of wild edible mushroom called Tambir that commonly be consumed as alternative food by local people in Jayapura, Papua. Samples were collected from the traditional market nearby Uncen campus in Waena, Jayapura, Papua. Micro Kjeldahl method was used to analyze the crude protein content, hexane-gravimetry for lipid, spectrophotometry for carbohydrate, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for amino acid composition. The results showed that this mushroom has 15.74 % crude protein, 2.59 % lipid, 50.17 % carbohydrate and 8 essential amino acids. The chemical value of those eight essential amino acids were more than 100 that means this mushroom has no amino acid limitation. Therefore, Tambir could be a good alternative protein source for local people. Key words: fungi, proteins, local knowledge, Tambir, Papua.

scholarly journals Mapping of AF1 transactivation domains in duplicated rainbow trout glucocorticoid receptors

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Sturm ◽  
James E Bron ◽  
Darren M Green ◽  
Nic R Bury
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
The Core ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Transactivation Domains

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor mediating the genomic effects of glucocorticoids. Two activation functions (AFs) are present in the GR. While the N-terminal AF1 is ligand independent, the C-terminal AF2 overlaps with the ligand-binding domain and is ligand dependent. In this study, we have mapped AF1 in duplicated rainbow trout GRs, called rtGR1 and rtGR2, showing a limited homology (24.5%) in the N-terminal domain. Ablation of this domain from rtGR1 or rtGR2 resulted in a marked decrease (>97%) in maximal hormone-dependent transactivation, but did not affect dexamethasone-binding activity or expression levels. This suggested that, similar to the situation in the human GR (hGR), AF1 is the main AF in the trout GRs. Sequence alignments with hGR suggested a localisation of AF1 to residues 70–230 of rtGR1 and 1–119 of rtGR2. These assignments were generally confirmed in the transactivation experiments with rtGR1- and rtGR2-derived mutants showing partial deletions of their N-terminal domains. In dexamethsone-treated cells (10−7 M, 2 h), the subcellular distribution of rtGR1 and rtGR2 mutants lacking the entire N-terminal domain, as well that of an rtGR1 mutant lacking the most N-terminal 234 amino acids, was similar to that of the corresponding wild-type GRs, suggesting that the disruption of transactivation activity was not caused by impairment of nuclear access of the mutants. Bioinformatic analyses predicted the presence of potential helical segments in the core of AF1 of rtGR1 and rtGR2, and further revealed that AF1 in rtGR1, rtGR2, and hGR shares a motif composed of hydrophobic and acidic amino acids.

scholarly journals Conversion of [U-14C]threonine into 14C-labelled amino acids in the brain of thiamin-deficient rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Gaitonde
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Threonine Dehydratase ◽  
Brain Concentration ◽  
Threonine Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

In confirmation of the findings of Gaitonde et al. (1974), a decrease in the brain concentration of threonine and serine, and an increase in glycine, were observed in rats maintained on a thiamin-deficient diet. Similar changes were found in the blood, and the concentration of several other amino acids in the blood decreased significantly. There was a correlation between the concentrations of threonine, serine, aspartate and asparagine in the brain and blood. In experiments in which [U-14C]threonine was injected into rats most of the radioactivity in the brain and blood of control rats was, as expected, in threonine in the acid soluble metabolites. In contrast, a considerable proportion of radioactivity was also found in other amino acids, namely glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, γ-aminobutyrate and alanine, in the brain of thiamin-deficient rats. [U-14C]Threonine was also converted into 14C-labelled lactate and glucose, but the extent of this conversion was severalfold higher in thiamin-deficient than in control rats. This finding gave evidence of the stimulation in thiamin-deficient rats of the catabolism of [U-14C]threonine to [14C]lactate by the aminoacetone pathway catalysed by threonine dehydrogenase, and into succinate via propionate by the α-oxobutyrate pathway catalysed by threonine dehydratase (deaminase). The measurement of specific radioactivities of glutamate, aspartate and glutamine after injection of [U-14C]threonine, indicated a stimulation of the activities of threonine dehydrogenase and threonine dehydratase (deaminase) in the brain of thiamin-deficient rats. The specific radioactivities of glutamate, asparatate and glutamine int he brain were consistent with an alteration in the metabolism of threonine, mainly in the ‘large’ compartment of the brain of thiamin-deficient rats. The measurement of relative specific radioactivity of proteins after injection of [U-14C]threonine indicated a marked decrease in the synthesis of proteins, mainly in the liver of thiamin-deficient rats.

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