Apparent faecal digestibility and nitrogen retention in piglets fed whole and peeled Cambodian field cricket meal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Miech ◽  
J.E. Lindberg ◽  
Å. Berggren ◽  
T. Chhay ◽  
A. Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study evaluated diets including whole or peeled (legs removed) crickets (Teleogryllus testaceus) in terms of diet digestibility, growth and nitrogen retention, using pigs as an animal model. The experiment included three iso-nitrogenous diets (18.4% crude protein) including either whole cricket meal (WC), body cricket meal (legs removed, BC) or fish meal (control) as the main protein source. Castrated male piglets (n=21, 30-45 days) with initial body weight 13.0±0.3 kg were allocated to one of the dietary treatments (7 piglets/treatment) in a fixed block design. The piglets were kept in single bamboo/wooden stalls with slatted floors and were adapted to the feeds and the housing for 5 days before starting the 25-day experiment. The diets were offered ad libitum, but close to appetite (approximately 5% of body weight). Feed intake was recorded and piglets were weighed every 5 days. During days 20-25, total collection of faeces and urine was performed. Dry matter and nutrient intake were higher for piglets fed the WC and BC diets than for those fed the control diet. From day 10, piglets fed BC and WC were heavier than piglets fed the control diet, but there were no differences between WC and BC. Dry matter digestibility was highest for diet WC, and ash, crude fibre and crude fat digestibility was higher for BC and WC than for the control diet. Feed conversion ratio was lower for the WC and BC diets than for the control diet, and nitrogen retention (% of digested) was higher. We concluded that field cricket meal is a nutritious feedstuff for mono-gastric animals, and most likely also for humans. Removal of legs did not facilitate or improve the digestibility values and nitrogen retention. Thus, in order to minimise food waste, crickets should not be peeled in this way if they are going to be processed into meal.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF VARYING RATIO OF COWPEA HUSK AND MAIZE MILLING WASTE ON THE FEED INTAKE, PROTEIN AND ENERGY UTILIZATION BY THE GOAT.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
A. A. Adeloye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The acceptability and efficacy of. combinations of cowpea husk (CH) and maize milling waste (MMW) as feed for the goat were tested. The experiment, in a 4x4 Latin square design involved digestion trials with 4 West African dwarf grower goats weighing 8.2 to 9.6 kg. and about 4 months old. There were 3 experimental diets made up of CH and MMW in 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 ratio of mixture. The control diet was 60 percent chopped Pennisetum purpureum plus 40 percent concentrate ration. The animals were fed at 5 percent of body weight. All trials lasted 80 days. Parameters for assessment were dry matter intake, protein and energy intakes and utilization. Feed intake values (%of body weight) in all experiemental diets were higher than 3 percent and increased with increasing levels of cowpea husk, Only the intake of 4.38% of body weight from 75:25 CH-MMW supported weight gain. Increases in MMW in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increases in dry matter digestibility. The crude protein intake and digestion increased with increasing inclusion of cowpea husk, but intake and utilization were not adequate at CH-MMW 25:75 and 50:50. The energy intake and utilization increased (P<0.05) across the treatment. Increasing levels of cowpea husk enhanced dry matter, energy intakes and energy utilization, Decreasing levels of cowpea, consistent with increasing MMW improved dry matter digestibility but not dry matter intake. The high crude fibre of cowpea husk is implicated. The utilization of the available energy in the mixture is limited by protein intake.

scholarly journals Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Euclides Reuter de Oliveira ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Andréa Maria de Araújo Gabriel ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes Fernandes ◽  
Lais Valenzuela Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Fecal Collection

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion. 

scholarly journals Effect ofCaesalpinia coriariaFruits and Soybean Oil on Finishing Lamb Performance and Meat Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nallely Sánchez ◽  
Germán David Mendoza ◽  
José Antonio Martínez ◽  
Pedro Abel Hernández ◽  
Luis Miguel Camacho Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

To evaluate phenolic compounds and whether the combination of a tanniferous fruit and soybean oil could improve the performance, meat characteristics, and fatty acid (FA) profile in lambs, an experiment was conducted over 40 days with twenty creole male lambs (23.71±3.46 kg). The lambs were allotted in a completely randomised design, with factorial arrangement 2 × 2, with the following dietary treatments: (1) control diet, (2) 2%Caesalpinia coriariaground fruit dry matter (DM), (3) 2% soybean oil DM, and (4) 2%Caesalpinia coriariafruit plus 2% soybean oil. The concentration of condensed tannins (CT) inCaesalpinia coriaceawas 21.71 g/kg DM. No interactions were detected (P>0.05) among soybean oil andCaesalpinia coriaria, and there were no differences in daily gain, intake, and feed conversion. Soybean oil reduced (P<0.05) DM digestibility (68.05 versus 59.56%). In fat from thelongissimus thoracis et lumborum(LTL) muscle, only linoleic acid presented differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The combination ofCaesalpinia coriaceafruit and soybean oil did not improve lamb performance at the included levels.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize and starch with Shoti meal (Curcuma zedoaria) in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
O Islam ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

A COMPARISON OF RAPESEED MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN AND PROTECTED LIPID AS A SOURCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL ENERGY FOR CALF STARTER DIETS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Formed Part

Thirty male Holstein calves were utilized in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment designed to compare rapeseed meal (cv. Candle) and soybean meal as protein supplements and 0, 10, and 20% levels of protected lipid as a form of supplemental energy for starter rations. The six rations were fed free choice from 21 to 70 days of the experiment with whole milk fed at 10% of body weight from 0 to 42 days. Starter intake was similar for the two protein sources but significantly less for the ration containing 10% protected lipid compared to either the 0 or 20% levels. Body weight gain was faster for calves fed the starter containing 20% protected lipid compared to those fed the 10% level. Efficiency of feed conversion was greater for calves receiving protected lipid. There were no differences between protein source in dry matter intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed conversion, apparent dry matter digestibility or dressing percent. Plasma glucose and percent hematocrit were significantly lower and percent kidney fat significantly higher for calves fed starter rations containing soybean meal. The relative availability of copper was reduced significantly when soybean meal or 20% protected lipid formed part of the starter diet. It was concluded from this study that Candle rapeseed meal was a suitable source of supplemental protein for calf starter diets and that the inclusion of protected lipid improved feed conversion of calves from 43 to 70 days of age.

scholarly journals The digestibility of biofloc meal from African catfish culture medium as a feed raw material for Pacific white shrimp

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ekasari ◽  
Muhammad Agus Suprayudi ◽  
Putri Elas ◽  
Reza Karunia Senja
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate the digestibility of biofloc meal collected from catfish culture as a feed raw material for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diet. A basal feed with 43% crude protein content was used as a control diet and mixed with 2% of binders and 0.5 % of Cr2O3 as a marker for digestibility. The experimental diets were made by mixing 67.5% of the basal diet with 30% of biofloc meal, 2% of binders and 0.5 % of Cr2O3. Nine units of glass tanks (90 cm ×40 cm× 35 cm) filled with 100 L seawater were used as the experimental culture units. White shrimp with an average body weight of 5.61 ± 0.09 g was randomly distributed to each experimental tank at a density of 20 shrimp/tank. The feed was offered at a level of 5% shrimp biomass per day at a frequency of four times a day. The results showed that the dry matter digestibility of feed with 30% biofloc meal in shrimp were similar to that of the reference diet. However, protein and fat digestibility of feed containing biofloc meal were considerably higher than those of the reference diet. Feeding shrimp with 30% biofloc meal diet resulted in higher survival and specific growth rate and lower feed conversion ratio than those of the control. The digestibility of bioflocs dry matter, protein and lipid in Pacific white shrimp obtained in this study were 54.9%, 76.3% and 79.3%, respectively.Keywords: biofloc, digestibility, catfish, shrimp  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan tepung bioflok yang diambil dari media pemeliharaan ikan lele sebagai bahan pakan udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei. Pakan yang mengandung kadar protein 43% digunakan sebagai pakan control dan dicampur dengan 2% binder dan 0.5% Cr2O3 sebagai marker untuk kecernaan. Pakan perlakuan dibuat dengan mencampurkan 67.5% pakan control dengan 30% tepung bioflok, 2% binder dan 0.5% Cr2O3. Penelitian menggunakan sembilan unit akuarium (90 cm ×40 cm ×35 cm) yang diisi 100 L air laut. Udang vaname dengan bobot rata-rata 5.61 ± 0.09 g ditebar secara acak pada setiap akuarium perlakuan pada kepadatan 20 ekor/akuarium. Pakan diberikan dengan tingkat pemberian pakan 5% biomassa per hari sebanyak empat kali sehari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecernaan pakan dengan 30% tepung bioflok tidak berbeda nyata dengan pakan acuan. Namun kecernaan protein dan lemak pakan yang mengandung tepung bioflok terlihat lebih tinggi daripada pakan kontrol. Pemberian pakan dengan tepung bioflok sebanyak 30% juga menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan spesifik udang dan rasio konversi pakan yang lebih baik daripada udang yang diberi pakan kontrol. Kecernaan bahan, protein dan lemak tepung bioflok pada udang yang didapat dalam penelitian masing-masing adalah 54.9%, 76.3% dan 79.3%.Kata-kata kunci: bioflok, ikan lele, kecernaan, udang 

scholarly journals GROWTH OF AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) JUVENILES FED GRADED LEVELS OF ROASTED RICE CHAFF AS ENERGY SOURCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-391
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salihu Dan-kishiya ◽  
C. C. Ekpenwa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Crude Lipid

The high cost of Maize as energy source in fish feed has necessitated the need to search for low cost and locally available indigenous sources. A six months feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of replacing maize with roasted rice chaff as a dietary energy source on the growth of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus using Completely Randomized block Design with five different treatments. The fishes were subjected to five different inclusion levels of roasted rice chaff meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The trial was conducted in a 50litres plastic bowl with replicates and feeding was done initially at 3% body weight, but the quantity of feeds was adjusted based on the new weight gain. The measurements of the fishes were carried out biweekly according to standard methods and procedures. The Roasted rice chaff meal (RRCM) contains 5.93% crude protein, 14.53% crude fibre, 0.92% moisture content, while Ash content, crude lipid and carbohydrates had 19.98%, 3.28% and 55.36% respectively. Fishes fed 100% RRCM recorded the best growth performance in body weight (435.10 ± 20.60gm), total length (45.30 ± 0.70cm), Specific growth rate (1.44 ± 0.01), Feed Conversion Ratio (2.50 ± 0.04) and Feed Intake (92.00 ± 3.40). While the least growth ware observed in 0% RRCM. However, all the physico-chemical parameters measured are within the recommended range for fish culture. Therefore, the result obtained shows that roasted rice chaff can replace maize as a source of energy in Clarias gariepinus.juveniles diets without any negative effect.

Effect of Daniellia oliveri leaf meal in total mixed rations on the performance of Savannah Brown goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
A. O. Suleiman ◽  
I. C. Alemede ◽  
A. Aremu ◽  
O. A. Olafadehan ◽  
M. A. Muftau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Daniellia Oliveri

The study was carried out to determine the effect of Daniellia oliveri leaf meal (DOLM) in complete diets on feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization and growth of Savannah Brown goats in a 90-day trial using the completely randomized design. Thirty-six does, with an average initial weight of 10.66 kg, were randomly divided into four groups of similar body weight (BW) and allocated to one of the four complete diets with DOLM inclusion levels at 0%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively. Intakes of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), and cost/kg BW gain were higher (p<0.05) in the control diet than in the treatment diets. Intake of crude protein (CP) was higher (p<0.05) for the control diet compared to the 30 and 40% DOLM diets. Feed conversion ratio and faecal nitrogen excretion of animals on 20% DOLM diet were lower (p<0.05) than other diets. Final body weight, total weight gain and average daily weight gain were not (p>0.05) affected by the diets. Digestibility of DM and CP, and nitrogen balance of animals on 0 and 20% DOLM diets were higher than those on 30 and 40% DOLM. Digestibility of OM and crude fibre was lowest (p<0.05) for the control diet relative to other diets. Nitrogen intakes (NI) of 0 and 40% DOLM diets were lower (p<0.05) compared to those of 20 and 30% DOLM diets. Nitrogen absorbed (NA) and nitrogen retention (as % of NA) were marginal (p<0.05) for 30% DOLM diet relative to other diets Nitrogen retention (as % of NI) was highest and lowest (p<0.05) for 20%DOLM diet, and 30 and 40% DOLM diets respectively. The study shows that Daniellia oliveri leaf meal can be used up to 40% inclusion level to replace 100% of maize offal in the diet of Savannah Brown goats without adversely affecting the performance of the animals.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY SHEEP FED FICUS LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
O. S. LAMIDI ◽  
O. A. OSINOWO ◽  
A. M. ADAMU ◽  
R. A. AFOLAYAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Hyparrhenia Rufa

Growth and metabolic studies were conducted with 32 sheep (16 rams and 16 ewes) to evaluate Ficus leaves (Ficus thonningia)   as substitute for Hyparrhenia rufa (Hyparrhenia) in the diets of sheep. Ficus replaced 0, 25, 50 and 75% of grass and was offered at 3% of animal body weight as DM. all the sheep received concentrate at 1% of body weight as supplement. Digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF and N were similar (P > 0.05)lower. Nitrogen retention was positive and the values increased with dietary level of Ficus up to 50% and then declined. Differences were not however, significant. Intake of ficus was significant (P < 0.001) and positively related to both total feed intake of (r=0.99) and daily liveweight gains (r=0.55). Average daily liveweight gains (LWG) was 28.75, 33.75, 47.50 and 36.25 g/day for sheep on 25, 50 and 75% dietary level of FIcus. Feed efficiency was 11.35, 21.67, 31.84 and 27.87 (g feed DM/g LWG) for sheep on dietary levels of ficus. The results showed that sheep on diet containing 50% Ficus gained 47.50g/day which represented an increase of about 65.22% higher than value obtained for those on the control diet (0% Ficus) but at lower feed conversion efficiency

scholarly journals Growth performance, nutrient intake and digestibility of goats fed melon husk and palm oil slurry at 30% inclusion level

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
K. A. Sanwo ◽  
S. O. Iposu ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
S. S. Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 126-day study was conducted to determine growth, nutrient intake and digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed melon husk (MH) and palm oil slurry (POS) as replacement for maize offal at 30% in concentrate diets. Sixteen goats weighing 6.5 – 7.Okg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments at 4 replicates of each. Dietary treatments included control (Diet 1): 0% MH 0% POS; Diet 2: 30% MH 0% POS; Diet 3: 0% MH 30% POS; and Diet 4: 30% MH 30% POS; supplemented with Panicum maximum (grass). Data collected were statistically analysed and results showed that animals on control Diet (Diet I) had the highest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 31.57g/day, and a corresponding highest (P<0.05) feed intake of 365. 97g/day and best feed conversion ratio of 11.59. Animals fed Diet 3 had lowest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 19.42g/day, with corresponding lowest (P<0.05) dy matter intake of 334.94g/day and poor feed conversion ratio of 17.24, respectively. Variations in dry matter, organic matter and crude fibre (CF) intake were significant (P<0.05). Crude protein (CP) intake decreased progressively from diet 1 to 4, but not significantly (P >0.05). CF intake was highest in diet 4 (124.6g) and lowest in diet 1(64.72g). Ether extract (52.80g), Ash (21.48g), Neutral detergent fibre (222.88g), and lignin (60.64g) were highest in diet 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest in animals on diet 2 (86.31%) and lowest in those on diet 4 (72.28%). It was evident that goats could be fed MH and POS at the inclusion levels adopted in this study except at 30% POS inclusion level at which growth was poorest.  

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