Conversion of organic wastes into fly larval biomass: bottlenecks and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pastor ◽  
Y. Velasquez ◽  
P. Gobbi ◽  
S. Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Insect Biomass ◽  
By Products ◽  
Dipteran Species

The large volume of organic wastes and by-products produced every year usually generates environmental problems, such as water, air and soil contamination and it can be also a focus for pathogen dispersion. Sustainable waste management strategies should be developed, that can favour the value of the organic waste instead of its disposal. A sustainable strategy would be the use of the organic waste as substrate for intensive production of insect biomass. The insects associated with manure and organic waste can play a key role for the sustainable valorisation of organic waste streams as high add value products as they could be used as feed. This review is an overview of the research related with intensive insect farming of saprophagous dipteran species (flies) on manure and other organic wastes and the by-products obtained after the process. Using dipterans as recyclers of waste means that the mass-production systems of these organisms have to be efficient and competitive with other recycling systems. This review describes the possibilities of the dipterans to become active agents in waste management systems and, at the same time, an important resource of protein for feed and the main aspects and bottlenecks that have to be improved in order to achieve competitive insect farming.

Identification of waste management strategies and waste generation factors for thermal power plant sector wastes in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Cansu Demir ◽  
Ülkü Yetiş ◽  
Kahraman Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Process Modification

Thermal power plants are of great environmental importance in terms of the huge amounts of wastes that they produce. Although there are process-wise differences among these energy production systems, they all depend on the logic of burning out a fuel and obtaining thermal energy to rotate the turbines. Depending on the process modification and the type of fuel burned, the wastes produced in each step of the overall process may change. In this study, the most expected process and non-process wastes stemming from different power generation processes have been identified and given their European Waste Codes. Giving priority to the waste minimization options for the most problematic wastes from thermal power plants, waste management strategies have been defined. In addition, by using the data collected from site visits, from the literature and provided by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, waste generation factor ranges expressed in terms of kilogram of waste per energy produced annually (kg/MWh) have been estimated. As a result, the highest generation was found to be in fly ash (24–63 for imported coal, 200–270 for native coal), bottom ash (1.3–6 for imported coal, 42–87 for native coal) and the desulfurization wastes (7.3–32) produced in coal combustion power plants. The estimated waste generation factors carry an important role in that they aid the authorities to monitor the production wastes declared by the industries.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study: Identification of Stream Waste Quantity and Composition in Bali Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
I Made Wahyu Widyarsana ◽  
Enri Damanhuri ◽  
Nida Ulhusna ◽  
Elprida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Waste Management Policy ◽  
Administration Method ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Waste Flow

Bali Province is an island of high tourist activity surrounded by the sea. Without a proper mainland waste management, waste problem will impact the aquatic environment. River and beach are waterways that become an important role in the waste flow that will end to the sea. Identification of waste in rivers and beaches is needed to determine the stream waste management policy. Measurements were made by adopting the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) method on 4 rivers and 4 beaches. Measurement of waste generation and composition represents the watershed and population density classification groups. The peak hour for the waste streams at 11.00-14.00 WITA (GMT+8). The dominant waste is organic waste (59.10% WW) and hazardous waste (17.12%WW). From the waste measurement on the beach, the waste density is around 0.087 tonnes/m3 and the composition of waste is dominated by plastic waste, paper waste, and textile waste. The average waste density in beach is around 0.007 kg/m2 or 0.53 items/m2. Yeh Gangga Beach is the dirtiest with 0.64 items waste/m2 and Lepang Beach is the cleanest beach with 0.27 items/m2.

Commissioning of a biogas pilot plant: From brown grease to paper mill-generated organic wastes

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
GARY W. COLSON ◽  
SIMON EVERS ◽  
DENNIS EVERS
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Technical Approach ◽  
Engineering Data ◽  
Brown Grease

The MeadWestvaco mill in Evadale, TX, USA, in conjunction with VOW Resources LLC, has constructed and commissioned a green biogas skid-mounted pilot plant to evaluate the potential of various organic waste streams to produce high-quality biogas. It is the fourth plant in the world incorporating this technical approach to biogas production. At initial startup, the plant used cow manure as organic feedstock. To commission the plant for verifying the VOW bioaugmentation process, the transition was made to using brown grease. After the brown grease commissioning trials are completed, the plant will be transitioned to a number of paper mill-generated organic wastes to acquire the design parameters and engineering data that will aid in construction of a full-scale biogas facility.

Biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectricity as crucial components of biorefinery of organic wastes: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor M Poggi-Varaldo ◽  
Karla M Munoz-Paez ◽  
Carlos Escamilla-Alvarado ◽  
Paula N Robledo-Narváez ◽  
M Teresa Ponce-Noyola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Purple Bacteria ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Series Systems

Biohydrogen is a sustainable form of energy as it can be produced from organic waste through fermentation processes involving dark fermentation and photofermentation. Very often biohydrogen is included as a part of biorefinery approaches, which reclaim organic wastes that are abundant sources of renewable and low cost substrate that can be efficiently fermented by microorganisms. The aim of this work was to critically assess selected bioenergy alternatives from organic solid waste, such as biohydrogen and bioelectricity, to evaluate their relative advantages and disadvantages in the context of biorefineries, and finally to indicate the trends for future research and development. Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products, which means: energy, materials, chemicals, food and feed. Dark fermentation of organic wastes could be the beach-head of complete biorefineries that generate biohydrogen as a first step and could significantly influence the future of solid waste management. Series systems show a better efficiency than one-stage process regarding substrate conversion to hydrogen and bioenergy. The dark fermentation also produces fermented by-products (fatty acids and solvents), so there is an opportunity for further combining with other processes that yield more bioenergy. Photoheterotrophic fermentation is one of them: photosynthetic heterotrophs, such as non-sulfur purple bacteria, can thrive on the simple organic substances produced in dark fermentation and light, to give more H2. Effluents from photoheterotrophic fermentation and digestates can be processed in microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity production and methanogenic digestion for methane generation, thus integrating a diverse block of bioenergies. Several digestates from bioenergies could be used for bioproducts generation, such as cellulolytic enzymes and saccharification processes, leading to ethanol fermentation (another bioenergy), thus completing the inverse cascade. Finally, biohydrogen, biomethane and bioelectricity could contribute to significant improvements for solid organic waste management in agricultural regions, as well as in urban areas.

scholarly journals Designing Circular Waste Management Strategies: The Case of Organic Waste in Amsterdam

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 2000023
Author(s):  
Ludovica Viva ◽  
Francesca Ciulli ◽  
Ans Kolk ◽  
Gadi Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Management Strategies

scholarly journals Organic waste as a sustainable feedstock for platform chemicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coma ◽  
E. Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
F. Abeln ◽  
S. Raikova ◽  
J. Donnelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Hydrothermal Processes ◽  
By Products ◽  
Substrate Types

Biorefineries have been established since the 1980s for biofuel production, and there has been a switch lately from first to second generation feedstocks in order to avoid the food versus fuel dilemma. To a lesser extent, many opportunities have been investigated for producing chemicals from biomass using by-products of the present biorefineries, simple waste streams. Current facilities apply intensive pre-treatments to deal with single substrate types such as carbohydrates. However, most organic streams such as municipal solid waste or algal blooms present a high complexity and variable mixture of molecules, which makes specific compound production and separation difficult. Here we focus on flexible anaerobic fermentation and hydrothermal processes that can treat complex biomass as a whole to obtain a range of products within an integrated biorefinery concept.

scholarly journals Evaluating Landfill Diversion Strategies for Municipal Organic Waste (MOW) Management Using Environmental and Economic Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Tominac ◽  
Horacio Aguirre-Villegas ◽  
Joseph Sanford ◽  
Rebecca A. Larson ◽  
Victor Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Landfill Diversion

<p>We apply systems engineering principals and life cycle analysis (LCA) to municipal waste supply chains to elucidate sustainability incentives. Environmental impacts are quantified using LCA for waste management technologies available in the supply chain, and included as products. The supply chain is modeled as a coordinated market and resolved using mathematical optimization techniques. Incorporating impacts as products allows us to analyze the influence of tax policy on optimal waste management strategies.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Produced at Pilot Scale From Different Organic Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lorini ◽  
Andrea Martinelli ◽  
Giorgio Capuani ◽  
Nicola Frison ◽  
Maria Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
North East ◽  
Mixed Microbial Cultures

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production at pilot scale has been recently investigated and carried out exploiting different process configurations and organic wastes. More in detail, three pilot platforms, in Treviso (North-East of Italy), Carbonera (North-East of Italy) and Lisbon, produced PHAs by open mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) and different organic waste streams: organic fraction of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge (OFMSW-WAS), cellulosic primary sludge (CPS), and fruit waste (FW), respectively. In this context, two stabilization methods have been applied, and compared, for preserving the amount of PHA inside the cells: thermal drying and wet acidification of the biomass at the end of PHA accumulation process. Afterward, polymer has been extracted following an optimized method based on aqueous-phase inorganic reagents. Several PHA samples were then characterized to determine PHA purity, chemical composition, molecular weight, and thermal properties. The polymer contained two types of monomers, namely 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) at a relative percentage of 92.6–79.8 and 7.4–20.2 w/w, respectively, for Treviso and Lisbon plants. On the other hand, an opposite range was found for 3HB and 3HV monomers of PHA from Carbonera, which is 44.0–13.0 and 56.0–87.0 w/w, respectively. PHA extracted from wet-acidified biomass had generally higher viscosity average molecular weights (Mv) (on average 424.8 ± 20.6 and 224.9 ± 21.9 KDa, respectively, for Treviso and Lisbon) while PHA recovered from thermally stabilized dried biomass had a three-fold lower Mv.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Human Health Trade-Offs of Organic Waste Management Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (15) ◽  
pp. 9200-9209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Nordahl ◽  
Jay P. Devkota ◽  
Jahon Amirebrahimi ◽  
Sarah Josephine Smith ◽  
Hanna M. Breunig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Organic Waste Management

scholarly journals Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategies of Montréal (Canada) Using Life Cycle Assessment and Optimization of Technology Options

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5701
Author(s):  
Tahereh Malmir ◽  
Saeed Ranjbar ◽  
Ursula Eicker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Waste Management System

Landfilling of organic waste is still the predominant waste management method in Canada. Data collection and analysis of the waste were done for the case study city of Montréal in Canada. A life cycle assessment was carried out for the current and proposed waste management system using the IWM-2 software. Using life cycle assessment results, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used to optimize the waste flows. The optimization showed that the current recovery ratio of organic waste of 23% in 2017 could be increased to 100% recovery of food waste. Also, recycling could be doubled, and landfilling halved. The objective functions were minimizing the total energy consumption and CO2eq emissions as well as the total cost in the waste management system. By using a three-objective optimization algorithm, the optimized waste flow for Montréal results in 2% of waste (14.7 kt) to anaerobic digestion (AD), 7% (66.3 kt) to compost, 32% (295 kt) to recycling, 1% (8.5 kt) to incineration, and 58% (543 kt) to landfill.

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