Effect of multiday exercise on serum hormones and metabolic substrate concentrations in racing sled dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
M.S. Davis ◽  
K.W. Hinchcliff ◽  
K.K. Williamson ◽  
E.C. McKenzie ◽  
C.M. Royer
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Hormonal Stimulus ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

Prolonged submaximal exercise relies on the steady delivery of oxidizable substrates to the working muscle, with the sources of those substrates either stored reserves or food absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract during exercise. Fat oxidation could be advantageous for this type of exercise because of potentially greater reserves, but recent studies suggest that athletic dogs remain highly dependent on carbohydrate to fuel exercise despite ingesting a high fat diet. The purpose of this study was to characterise the pattern of exercise-induced hormone and substrate concentrations as they relate to carbohydrate and fat metabolism during prolonged submaximal exercise in dogs. Two studies (a 10-dog pilot study and a subsequent primary study using 54 Alaskan sled dogs) were conducted with the dogs running 160 km/day for 4 or 5 days. Blood samples were obtained within 60 min of cessation of daily exercise and in the second study within 30 min of the start of the next day of exercise. Samples were analysed for key hormones and substrates. Results demonstrated the development of a strong hormonal stimulus for glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis that coincided with sparing and replenishment of muscle glycogen. The stimulus for glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis tended to diminish during rest periods in the early stages of the exercise challenge, but remained increased during later rest periods and for several days after the conclusion of exercise. These data support the hypothesis that in the face of a high-fat diet, ultra-endurance racing sled dogs rely on large amounts of hepatic glucose output to support prolonged submaximal exercise.

scholarly journals Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 knockout mice are protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (5) ◽  
pp. E532-E539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihong Zong ◽  
Michal Armoni ◽  
Chava Harel ◽  
Eddy Karnieli ◽  
Jeffrey E. Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Glucose Output ◽  
Fat Diets

Conventional (whole body) CYP2E1 knockout mice displayed protection against high-fat diet-induced weight gain, obesity, and hyperlipidemia with increased energy expenditure despite normal food intake and spontaneous locomotor activity. In addition, the CYP2E1 knockout mice displayed a marked improvement in glucose tolerance on both normal chow and high-fat diets. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps demonstrated a marked protection against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in CYP2E1 knockout mice, with enhanced adipose tissue glucose uptake and insulin suppression of hepatic glucose output. In parallel, adipose tissue was protected against high-fat diet-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the CYP2E1 deletion protects mice against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance with improved glucose homeostasis in vivo.

scholarly journals Long-term consumption of saponins derived from Platycodi radix (22 years old) enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in 90 % pancreatectomized diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Yeon Kwon ◽  
Young Seob Kim ◽  
Sang Mee Hong ◽  
Sunmin Park
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Platycodi Radix ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Output

Crude saponins derived from Chinese Platycodi radix have been reported to prevent increases in body weight and liver TAG in mice fed a high-fat diet. We investigated the effects of an extract (PR) taken from Korean Platycodi radix, which is cultivated for 22 years in the ground (Jangsaeng doraji), and its saponins (PRS) on insulin resistance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in 90 % pancreatectomized diabetic rats fed high-fat diets. Four groups were orally supplemented with 2 g PR, 0·2 g PRS, 20 mg rosiglitazone (positive control) or 0·5 g cellulose (negative control) per kg body weight on a daily basis for 8 weeks. We found that PRS lowered body weight, visceral fat mass and serum leptin levels in pancreatectomized rats in comparison to the control. PR enhanced first- and second-phase insulin secretion while PRS stimulated only first-phase insulin secretion. Glucose infusion rates to maintain euglycaemia at hyperinsulinaemic states decreased in a descending order of rosiglitazone, PRS, PR and control, but they increased hepatic glucose output in the same order. This reduction was associated with the storage of decreased TAG and increased glycogen, which was a result of enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of anti-insulin receptor substrate-2 and serine473 phosphporylation of protein kinase B (PKB, Akt). Improved hepatic insulin signalling led to decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression and reduced hepatic glucose output accordingly. In conclusion, PRS principally improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing hepatic insulin sensitivity as a consequence of reducing fat storage and stimulating insulin signalling in diabetic rats. In addition, PR contains components that promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

scholarly journals Prescribing Exercise for Japanese Sled Dogs and the Influence of a High-protein, High-fat Diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 595-599
Author(s):  
Hideki MATSUMOTO ◽  
Takeshi KAKEHATA ◽  
Takefumi HYODO ◽  
Kensei HANADA ◽  
Yoko TSUJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sled Dogs

scholarly journals Both Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Ameliorate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Even in the Absence of Weight Reduction in High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Yong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Abstract Background: This study aimed at analyzing how aerobic and resistance exercise without dietary restriction could affect fat accumulation in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods: Mice, divided into normal (CO) and high-fat diet (HF) groups, were fed normal or 60 % HFD diets for 8 weeks, respectively. The HF group was then subdivided into HFD + sedentary (HF), HFD + aerobic training (HFAT), and HFD + resistance training (HFRT) groups. The mice in the training groups underwent treadmill or ladder climbing training for 8 weeks.Results: Although the HFAT and HFRT group body weight did not decrease, fat mass significantly decreased in the training groups than that in the HF group. Liver triglyceride levels in the HF group significantly increased compared to the CO group while no significant difference was detected in the training groups. HFD significantly induced an increase of liver cannabinoid-1 receptor, Sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and fatty acid synthase. Both aerobic and resistance training significantly induced the increase of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase1, phosphor AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and p-AMPK/AMPK while inducing a decrease of liver SREBP-1. However, the type of exercise did not cause any significant difference.Conclusions: Both aerobic and resistance exercise effectively improved fat mass and NAFLD even without weight reduction in HFD-induced obese mice. Therefore, a selected sustainable type of exercise based on the fitness level, type of disease, musculoskeletal disorders status, and preference of subjects, would be the best exercise intervention for alleviating NAFLD.

Effects of Maternal Flaxseed Supplementation on Female Offspring of Diabetic Rats in Serum Concentration of Glucose, Insulin, and Thyroid Hormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Akemi Suzuki ◽  
André Manoel Correia-Santos ◽  
Gabriela Câmara Vicente ◽  
Luiz Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Flaxseed Flour ◽  
Maternal Consumption

Abstract. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal consumption of flaxseed flour and oil on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormones of the adult female offspring of diabetic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were induced to diabetes by a high-fat diet (60%) and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Rats were mated and once pregnancy was confirmed, were divided into the following groups: Control Group (CG): casein-based diet; High-fat Group (HG): high-fat diet (49%); High-fat Flaxseed Group (HFG): high-fat diet supplemented with 25% flaxseed flour; High-fat Flaxseed Oil group (HOG): high-fat diet, where soya oil was replaced with flaxseed oil. After weaning, female pups (n = 6) from each group were separated, received a commercial rat diet and were sacrificed after 180 days. Serum insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA, the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by chemiluminescence. Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight at weaning in HG (−31%), HFG (−33%) and HOG (44%) compared to CG (p = 0.002), which became similar by the end of 180 days. Blood glucose levels were reduced in HFG (−10%, p = 0.044) when compared to CG, and there was no significant difference between groups in relation to insulin, T3, T4, and TSH after 180 days. Conclusions: Maternal severe hyperglycemia during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a microsomal offspring. Maternal consumption of flaxseed reduces blood glucose levels in adult offspring without significant effects on insulin levels and thyroid hormones.

Topical Application of Capsaicin Reduces Visceral Adipose Fat by Affecting Adipokine Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong-Rak Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Shin ◽  
Dong-Joon Yoon ◽  
Ah-Ram Kim ◽  
Rina Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose

POCU1b reverses diabesity induced in rats fed a high-fat diet

Planta Medica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kim ◽  
H Kim ◽  
IH Jeong ◽  
DS Jang ◽  
JS Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat

A new model of synergistic effects of alcohol and high-fat diet on hepatic injury

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gäbele ◽  
K Dostert ◽  
C Dorn ◽  
C Hellerbrand
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
New Model

The role of rice bran extract on acetyl CoA carboxylase in liver of rats fed a high-fat diet

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Charkhonpunya ◽  
S Sireeratawong ◽  
S Komindr ◽  
N Lerdvuthisopon
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Rice Bran Extract
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