Effectiveness of a superoxide dismutase supplement derived from melon extract as a recovery aid for horses following strenuous exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Walker ◽  
R.C. Avenatti ◽  
S.M. Arent ◽  
K.H. McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Run Time

An antioxidant derived from a variety of melon purported to be high in superoxide dismutase was fed to horses and the effect on performance and recovery was measured following repeated daily bouts of intense exercise. In a cross-over design study, six unfit Standardbred mares were fed this antioxidant at a rate of 2.0 IU/kg body weight (BW)/d as part of the daily ration for 4 weeks before undergoing a simulated race test (SRT) repeated over a 3-day period. The SRT, designed to simulate the training of Standardbreds, consisted of a 2 min warm-up at 6 m/s followed by a high speed run to fatigue at 125% of the speed calculated to correspond to the horse’s maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) as determined in a baseline incremental exercise test. Measurements included VO2 and the VO2 recovery time, VO2 at the point of recovery, run time, as well as plasma lactate, and plasma cortisol. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing malondialdehyde (MDA). The results from the study demonstrated that there were no differences (P>0.05) in mean values for the plasma concentrations of lactate, cortisol, or MDA. However, when supplemented with this antioxidant, there was an observable pattern with a small-to-medium effect size of an increase average run time of 14 s. Another important observation was that despite the longer run time, there was a moderate effect for a faster VO2 recovery time. The data suggest that supplementation with 2.0 IU/kg BW of this antioxidant had a modest but non-significant effect on performance and recovery time. Additionally, it did not negatively impact physiology in untrained Standardbred mares.

Relationship between exercise-induced systemic inflammatory like reaction and racing performance in endurance horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Serteyn ◽  
I. Caudron ◽  
J.-P. Lejeune ◽  
D. Votion ◽  
J. Ceusters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Racing Performance ◽  
Intrinsic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Voluntary Basis

Endurance race induces a rise of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and a systemic inflammatory like response characterised by an increase of neutrophil counts, plasma and muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase (ELT) concentrations in horses. Horses performing the same standardised exercise test do not respond with the same magnitude of inflammatory reaction. The aim of the present study was to measure the total neutrophil count, the ratio neutrophil:lymphocyte, the MPO and ELT plasma concentrations and concomitant increases of serum CK activities in competing endurance horse and to relate these results to their race performance. Twenty one horses participating in a 120 km 4 star endurance race recruited on a voluntary basis finished the race with a mean speed ranging from 13.1 to 19.8 km/h. Blood was taken the day before the race and two hours after the race. Mean values of neutrophil counts, ratio neutrophil:lymphocyte, plasma MPO and ELT concentrations and serum CK activities after the race were significantly higher than the pre-race values. There was no correlation between neutrophil counts, MPO, ELT or CK and the mean speed of the horses during the race except for the ratio neutrophil:lymphocyte where a significant negative correlation was observed. These results showed that systemic responses induced by strenuous exercise such as an endurance race is not clearly related to performance but also to horse-related factors, such as intrinsic capacity or training.

scholarly journals Match and Training High Intensity Activity-Demands Profile during a Competitive Mesocycle in Youth Elite Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Oliva-Lozano ◽  
Carlos David Gómez-Carmona ◽  
José Pino-Ortega ◽  
Víctor Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Manuel Antonio Rodríguez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
And Training ◽  
Match Location

Abstract The monitoring of the high intensity activity-demands profile during official matches (OMs) and training sessions (TSs) provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between training and competition loads as well as players’ fitness characteristics. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe the training and match high intensity activity-demands profile in U-19 soccer players; 2) compare the profile depending on the type of session (OM or TS) throughout match-weeks; and 3) differentiate between profiles depending on the match location (home or away). Twenty-five U-19 Spanish soccer players were monitored during TSs and OMs for a one-month competitive period using a WIMU PROTM wearable inertial device. The variables of the study were: high speed running distance (HSRD), total sprints (SPs), maximum speed (MS) and player load (PL). OMs required higher demands than TSs in HSRD (460.99 ± 206.18 vs. 315.45 ± 180.12 m; p < 0.01; d = 0.75), SPs (10.86 ± 6.64 vs. 7.23 ± 4.82; p < 0.01; d = 0.69), MS (29.99 ± 2.54 vs. 28.50 ± 2.4 km/h; p < 0.01; d = 0.59) and PL (103.08 ± 24.15 vs. 83.18 ± 17.96 a.u.; p < 0.01; d = 0.94). The interaction between the type of session and mean week’s demands presented differences with medium effect size in MS (p < 0.01; ωp 2 = 0.06) and small effect size in HSRD (p = 0.04; ωp 2 = 0.03), and SP (p = 0.05; ωp 2 = 0.03), but there were no differences in PL (p = 0.18; ωp 2 = 0). Finally, no differences were found in the match location comparison (p > 0.33; d = 0.22–0.33). Therefore, the profiles presented could be useful for future scientific purposes and serve as valid information for coaches trying to optimize performance.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

scholarly journals An Egocentric Network Contact Tracing Experiment: Testing Different Procedures to Elicit Contacts and Places

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Andrew Pilny ◽  
C. Joseph Huber
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
Survey Instruments

Contact tracing is one of the oldest social network health interventions used to reduce the diffusion of various infectious diseases. However, some infectious diseases like COVID-19 amass at such a great scope that traditional methods of conducting contact tracing (e.g., face-to-face interviews) remain difficult to implement, pointing to the need to develop reliable and valid survey approaches. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of three different egocentric survey methods for extracting contact tracing data: (1) a baseline approach, (2) a retrieval cue approach, and (3) a context-based approach. A sample of 397 college students were randomized into one condition each. They were prompted to anonymously provide contacts and populated places visited from the past four days depending on what condition they were given. After controlling for various demographic, social identity, psychological, and physiological variables, participants in the context-based condition were significantly more likely to recall more contacts (medium effect size) and places (large effect size) than the other two conditions. Theoretically, the research supports suggestions by field theory that assume network recall can be significantly improved by activating relevant activity foci. Practically, the research contributes to the development of innovative social network data collection methods for contract tracing survey instruments.

scholarly journals AC_ICAP: A Flexible High Speed ICAP Controller

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Andres Cardona ◽  
Carles Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Access Port ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Ip Cores ◽  
Similar Solutions ◽  
Internal Configuration ◽  
Run Time Reconfiguration

The Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) is the core component of any dynamic partial reconfigurable system implemented in Xilinx SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We developed a new high speed ICAP controller, named AC_ICAP, completely implemented in hardware. In addition to similar solutions to accelerate the management of partial bitstreams and frames, AC_ICAP also supports run-time reconfiguration of LUTs without requiring precomputed partial bitstreams. This last characteristic was possible by performing reverse engineering on the bitstream. Besides, we adapted this hardware-based solution to provide IP cores accessible from the MicroBlaze processor. To this end, the controller was extended and three versions were implemented to evaluate its performance when connected to Peripheral Local Bus (PLB), Fast Simplex Link (FSL), and AXI interfaces of the processor. In consequence, the controller can exploit the flexibility that the processor offers but taking advantage of the hardware speed-up. It was implemented in both Virtex-5 and Kintex7 FPGAs. Results of reconfiguration time showed that run-time reconfiguration of single LUTs in Virtex-5 devices was performed in less than 5 μs which implies a speed-up of more than 380x compared to the Xilinx XPS_HWICAP controller.

Effects of treadmill exercise on fuel metabolism in hepatic cirrhosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DeLissio ◽  
L. J. Goodyear ◽  
S. Fuller ◽  
E. L. Krawitt ◽  
J. T. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Fuel Metabolism

We studied whole body and regional fuel metabolism before, during, and after 90 min of treadmill exercise at 50% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) in four subjects with hepatic cirrhosis and in four normal volunteers. Rates of endogenous glucose production (EGP) were measured using D-[6–3H]glucose infusions and fuel oxidation using indirect calorimetry. In the basal state, cirrhotic subjects had similar rates of EGP compared with controls. Forearm release of alanine and lactate was significantly greater in cirrhotic subjects (P less than 0.05), suggesting increased basal rates of gluconeogenesis. During exercise, EGP increased 2- to 2.5-fold in control subjects (P less than 0.01) but did not increase in cirrhotic subjects. Despite lower glucose concentrations in cirrhotic subjects, progressive hypoglycemia did not occur during exercise, probably because cirrhotic subjects demonstrated increased plasma concentrations of fat-derived substrates and derived a greater percentage of total energy requirement from fat oxidation than did controls (P less than 0.05) and because forearm muscle glucose extraction was significantly lower in cirrhotic subjects compared with controls (0.5 vs. 3.6%, respectively; P less than 0.05). During recovery, control subjects demonstrated significant increases in EGP rates compared with both the basal and exercise periods, but cirrhotic subjects showed no increase. In conclusion, cirrhotic subjects failed to demonstrate the normal increase in EGP during and after exercise. Significant hypoglycemia during exercise did not occur, possibly because of the increased availability of fat-derived fuels, which may spare the requirement for circulating glucose as an oxidative fuel for exercising muscle tissues.

scholarly journals An N-Pact Factor for Clinical Psychological Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Wade Reardon ◽  
Avante J Smack ◽  
Kathrin Herzhoff ◽  
Jennifer L Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
One Step ◽  
Hard To Reach Populations ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Adequate Sample Size

Although an emphasis on adequate sample size and statistical power has a long history in clinical psychological science (Cohen, 1992), increased attention to the replicability of scientific findings has again turned attention to the importance of statistical power (Bakker, van Dijk, &amp; Wicherts, 2012). These recent efforts have not yet circled back to modern clinical psychological research, despite the continued importance of sample size and power in producing a credible body of evidence. As one step in this process of scientific self-examination, the present study estimated an N-pact Factor (the statistical power of published empirical studies to detect typical effect sizes; Fraley &amp; Vazire, 2014) in two leading clinical journals (the Journal of Abnormal Psychology; JAP, and the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; JCCP) for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. Study sample size, as one proxy for statistical power, is a useful focus because it allows direct comparisons with other subfields and may highlight some of the core methodological differences between clinical and other areas (e.g., hard-to-reach populations, greater emphasis on correlational designs). We found that, across all years examined, the average median sample size in clinical research is 179 participants (175 for JAP and 182 for JCCP). The power to detect a small-medium effect size of .20 is just below 80% for both journals. Although the clinical N-pact factor was higher than that estimated for social psychology, the statistical power in clinical journals is still limited to detect many effects of interest to clinical psychologists, with little evidence of improvement in sample sizes over time.

scholarly journals Effect sizes and test-retest reliability of the fMRI-based Neurologic Pain Signature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Han ◽  
Yoni K. Ashar ◽  
Philip Kragel ◽  
Bogdan Petre ◽  
Victoria Schelkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Medium Effect Size ◽  
Pain Reports ◽  
Nociceptive Input ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Identifying biomarkers that predict mental states with large effect sizes and high test-retest reliability is a growing priority for fMRI research. We examined a well-established multivariate brain measure that tracks pain induced by nociceptive input, the Neurologic Pain Signature (NPS). In N = 295 participants across eight studies, NPS responses showed a very large effect size in predicting within-person single-trial pain reports (d = 1.45) and medium effect size in predicting individual differences in pain reports (d = 0.49, average r = 0.20). The NPS showed excellent short-term (within-day) test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84, with average 69.5 trials/person). Reliability scaled with the number of trials within-person, with ≥60 trials required for excellent test-retest reliability. Reliability was comparable in two additional studies across 5-day (N = 29, ICC = 0.74, 30 trials/person) and 1-month (N = 40, ICC = 0.46, 5 trials/person) test-retest intervals. The combination of strong within-person correlations and only modest between-person correlations between the NPS and pain reports indicates that the two measures have different sources of between-person variance. The NPS is not a surrogate for individual differences in pain reports, but can serve as a reliable measure of pain-related physiology and mechanistic target for interventions.

scholarly journals Stress-protective effect of the Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim tincture in chronic emotional stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Я.Г. Разуваева ◽  
А.А. Торопова ◽  
Д.Э. Гармаев
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Perennial Plant

Cimicifuga dahurica - многолетнее растение семейства Ranunculaceae. В тибетской медицине С. dahurica входит в состав сборов, применяющихся при болезнях «гза» («болезни, насылаемые духами»: при инсультах, параличах и других нарушениях функций нервной системы). В середине ХХ века настойку С. dahurica использовали для лечения гипертонической болезни. С. dahurica оказывает седативное действие, ограничивая двигательную, ориентировочно-исследовательскую активность и рефлекторную возбудимость животных, а также увеличивая продолжительность наркотического сна. Цель исследования - оценка стресс-протективного действия настойки С. dahurica при хроническом эмоциональном стрессе. Методика. Исследования проведены на крысах Wistar. Длительный эмоциональный стресс воспроизводили четырехдневной иммобилизацией животных в пластмассовых пеналах с одновременным погружением их в воду. Настойку С. dahurica вводили животным (0,5 мл/кг) в течение 7 сут до моделирования эмоционального стресса и ежедневно перед помещением их в пеналы. Определяли выраженность триады Селье, уровень адренокортикотропного гормона кортикостерона и катехоламинов в плазме крови, содержание малонового диальдегида, и активность каталазы в сыворотке крови, а также активность супероксиддусмутазы в эритроцитах. Результаты. Установлено, что настойка C. dahurica повышает устойчивость животных к длительному эмоциональному стрессу, ограничивая инволюцию иммунокомпетентных органов - тимуса и селезенки на 22% и 24%, соответственно. Выраженность гипертрофии надпочечников снижалась на 34%, уменьшалось развитие язвенных повреждений слизистой оболочки желудка, что может быть связано с торможением функции симпатоадреналовой и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адренокортикальной систем, ингибированием свободнорадикальных процессов с одновременной активацией эндогенных антиоксидантных систем. Исследуемое фитосредство ингибировало гиперактивацию перекисного окисления липидов, снижая уровень малонового диальдегида на 24%, а также повышало активность эндогенной антиоксидантной системы, увеличивая активность каталазы и супероксиддисмутазы в 1,6 и 1,3 раза соответственно. Заключение. Настойка С. dahurica в дозе 0,5 мл/кг при длительном эмоциональном стрессе оказывает стресс-протективное действие, уменьшая выраженность стресс-индуцированных изменений, ограничивая гиперактивацию центральных стресс-реализующих систем, коррегируя эндогенную антиоксидантную систему организма. Выявленный стресс-протективный эффект исследуемого фитосредства обусловлен содержанием в его составе комплекса биологически активных веществ, таких как фенольные соединения, сапонины. Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. is a perennial plant of the Ranunculaceae family. In Tibetan medicine, C. dahurica is included into medicinal collections used for the treatment of gza diseases (diseases “inflicted by demons”), such as stroke, palsies, and other functional disorders of the nervous system. In mid-20th century, the C. dahurica tincture was used for the treatment of hypertension. The C. dahurica tincture has a sedative effect; it limits motility, exploratory activity, and reflex excitability in animals and prolongs the narcotic sleep. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress-protective effect of C. dahurica tincture in chronic emotional stress. Methods. Experiments were performed on Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Chronic emotional stress was produced by four-day restraint of animals in plastic cases with simultaneous water immersion. The C. dahurica tincture was administered to animals at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg for 7 days, once a day; the last dose was administered 30 min prior to testing. The following parameters were determined: intensity of the Selye’s triad, plasma concentrations of ACTH, corticosterone, and catecholamines; serum concentration of malonic dialdehyde; serum activity of catalase; and superoxide dismutase activity in red blood cells. Results. The C. dahurica tincture increased the tolerance to chronic emotional stress and restricted involution of immune-competent organs, the thymus and spleen, by 22% and 24%, respectively (p<0.05), adrenal gland hypertrophy by 34% (p<0.05), and development of stress-induced stomach ulcers. These effects could be due to inhibition of the sympathoadrenal system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, inhibition of free-radical processes, and simultaneous activation of endogenic antioxidant systems. The C. dahurica tincture inhibited lipid peroxidation processes thus reducing the content of malonic dialdehyde by 24%. Also, the tincture potentiated the endogenous antioxidant system by increasing activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase 1.6 and 1.3 times, respectively. Conclusion. The stress-protective effect of the plant remedy is due to contained bioactive substances, such as phenolic compounds and saponins.

scholarly journals The early changes in retinol-binding protein and prealbumin concentrations in plasma of protein–energy malnourished children after treatment with retinol and an improved diet

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Large ◽  
G. Neal ◽  
J. Glover ◽  
O. Thanangkul ◽  
R. E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

1. Changes in total retinol-binding protein (RBP), the holoprotein (holoRBP) and prealbumin (PA) concentrations have been monitored in plasma of thirty protein- and vitamin A-deficient preschool children from within a few hours up to 7 weeks after treatment with retinol and a good-quality protein diet.2. The children were classified into groups according to nutritional status as having either kwashiorkor, marasmus-kwashiorkor or marasmus, and given formula diets whose protein and energy contents increased stepwise from 1 g and 105 kJ/kg body-weight respectively up to 4 g and 733 kJ/kg body-weight after 4 weeks. Retinol was administered in the forms of retinyl palmitate either orally or intramuscularly.3. PA and total RBP were determined by electroimmunoassay procedures and the holoRBP by its fluorescence after separation from other plasma proteins.4. RBP in plasma of the vitamin A-deficient child is largely denatured and incapable of binding administered retinol, which must first be taken up by the liver before native holoRBP is released. An increased pool of native apoprotein accumulates in the liver during vitamin A deficiency which is released into plasma quickly after retinol uptake to form peak concentrations of total and holoRBP approximately 3 h after dosing intramuscularly and 6 h orally.5. The accumulated pool of RBP was highest in livers from the marasmus group and lowest in those from the kwashiorkor group, reflecting their relative capacities to synthesize plasma proteins.6. The mean plasma concentrations of total and holoRBP for the various groups were minimal 24–48 h after dosing with retinol and then improved almost linearly over the following week.7. Mean plasma PA concentrations of the various groups on admission were also in order of the severity of their malnutrition. There was little or no change in this protein concentration over the first 24 h after dosing with retinol, but thereafter the mean values rose almost linearly over 2 weeks. Albumin on the other hand changed little during the first week. The results show that PA is the more sensitive measurement of protein nutritional status.

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