The Grand National: a review of factors associated with non-completion and horse-falls, 1990 to 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Williams ◽  
D.M. Marlin ◽  
N. Langley ◽  
T.D. Parkin ◽  
H. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Equine Welfare

The Grand National (GN) attracts high profile press and subsequent public attention. This study aimed to establish if factors influential to non-completion, horse-falls and specific fence risk in the GN supported the measures implemented by the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) to improve equine welfare in the GN. Horse, jockey, trainer and race related factors associated with non-completion, horse-falls and horse-falls at specific fences of the GN were collated over a 22 year period from 1990 to 2012. Descriptive analysis calculated non-completion rates per year, according to age and reason for non-completion. The distribution of fallers during the race in relation to fence number, design and key feature fences were also determined. Univariable analysis informed multivariable model building to identify factors associated with non-completion (n=840) and horse-falls (n=514) in the GN. Two final logistic regression models were refined through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. Chi-square goodness of fit analyses evaluated fall risk at fence level. During the period investigated 347 horses completed the GN; the probability of a horse falling in the race was 0.24. The first fence, Becher's brook and drop fences increased the risk of falling compared to plain fences. Good-soft going increased the number of horses that completed the race and reduced the number of fallers suggesting this is the optimal ground condition for the race. GNs run at a faster than average speed increased the risk of horses not completing and falling. Inexperienced horses and jockeys show a greater risk of not completing and falling. Our work supports BHA measures implemented to improve safety in the GN; controlling speed, modifying fence design, promoting race experience and ground maintenance to produce good-soft going can increase completions and reduce falls, therefore enhancing equine welfare.

Factors associated with workability in Spanish health centre workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mateo-Rodríguez ◽  
E Knox ◽  
A Daponte-Codina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Spanish Health

Abstract Background The concept of workability provides a conceptual framework and proposes measures for the evaluation of relevant actions focused on a healthy workforce. In Spain, one of the countries with the highest life expectancy, there are practically no scientific studies on workability and its associated factors. Aims The objective of this study is to examine the associations between workability and variables related to health and work in a sample of workers from Spanish health centres. Methods Cross-sectional study including 1184 health centre workers who completed a questionnaire at baseline, comprising measures of workability, health and other work-related factors. Workability has been analysed as a one-factor construct, and as a two-factor construct. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyse factors associated with workability. Results As a one-dimensional construct, workability is associated with physical and mental health, number of hours of worked, insomnia, work and family life balance, adequate training, never having had an accident and type of contract. When the two-factor measure was used, sensitivity of findings increased, and it was identified that those participants who were older, lived alone and have more years of service in their profession also show worse workability. Conclusions The present study identified factors associated with the workability of health centre workers. The two-factor workability index (WAI) has better psychometric properties and used in combination with the global measure of WAI, identifies important additional aspects, specifically, age and years of professional experience as additional considerations for the intervention.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with human brucellosis in livestock professionals

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Cazembe Mufinda ◽  
Fernando Boinas ◽  
Carla Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Professional Category ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Service Location

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in livestock professionals and analyze the factors associated with brucellosis focusing on sociodemographic variables and the variables of knowledge and practices related to the characteristics of the activities carried out in livestock. METHODS This is a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study with a population of 131 workers of butchers, slaughter rooms, and slaughterhouse and 192 breeders sampled randomly in Namibe province, Angola. The data were obtained from the collection of blood and use of questionnaires. The laboratory tests used were rose bengal and slow agglutination. The questionnaire allowed us to collect sociodemographic information and, specifically on brucellosis, it incorporated questions about knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of livestock professionals. In addition to the descriptive statistical approach, we used the Chi-square test of independence, Fisher’s test, and logistic regression models, using a significance level of 10%. RESULTS The general weighted prevalence of brucellosis was 15.6% (95%CI 13.61–17.50), being it 5.3% in workers and 16.7% (95%CI 11.39–21.93) in breeders. The statistical significance was observed between human seroprevalence and category (worker and breeder) (p < 0.001) and education level (p = 0.032), start of activity (p = 0079), and service location (p = 0.055). In a multivariate context, the positive factor associated with brucellosis in professionals was the professional category (OR = 3.54; 95%CI 1.57–8.30, related to breeders in relation to workers). CONCLUSIONS Human brucellosis in livestock professionals is prevalent in Namibe province (15.6%), where the professional category was the most important factor. The seroprevalence levels detected are high when compared with those found in similar studies.

scholarly journals Binary Logistic Model to Identify the Factors Associated with Households with Bank Accounts in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-336
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bank Accounts

Introduction: Banks play an important role in ensuringthe economicand social stability, and the sustainablegrowth of the economy. The savings and other accounts in financial institutions, including banks, finances, microfinances and cooperatives, enable people to execute important financial functions. Thus, households that have accounts in any of financial institutions can have access to various banking services. Objective: The objective of the study is to identify the factors associated with households having bank accounts in Nepal. Methods: The analysis is based on household data extracted from the dataset of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2016. The dependent variable is dichotomous, as the households with bank accounts and without bank accounts in any formal financial channels. In order to identify the factors associated with households receiving financial services in Nepal, multiple logistic regression models were developed by examining the model adequacy test. Results: The study finds that a total of 66.9% of the households had bank accounts. Several variables were found to be 1% of significance level. The predictive power of the model is found to be 31.2% and multicollinearity among the independent variables was absent. The Hosmer-Lemoshow goodness of fit test revealed that the data were poorly (p-value=0.056) fitted by the model. However, Osius-Rojek goodness of fit test (z=0.11; p-value=0.911), Stukel test (Z=0.683, p-value=0.494), likelihood ratio test (χ2=2770; p-value<0.0001) and area under receiver operating curve (79.8%) revealed that fitted model was good. Conclusion: Multiple logistic regression model revealed that in mountainous and hilly regions, women-headed households have less chances of not having bank accounts compared to the Terai region and men-headed households. The chances of having a bank account in province-2 is even worse than in Karnali and other provinces. The odds of not having bank accounts gradually decreased with the increase in size of agricultural land, wealth index, increase in family size and the number of family members who have completed secondary education.

scholarly journals Awareness Of Risk Factors Associated With Obesity Among Homemakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 773-779
Author(s):  
Akifa begum ◽  
Kavitha S ◽  
Sridevi G ◽  
Vishnupriya V ◽  
Gayathri R
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Sleeping Habits

Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. There are many reasons why a person becomes obese, and in case of homemakers, the main cause of obesity can be their sleeping habits, or the type of food they eat regularly, or lack of physical exercises. There are many risk factors of obesity which the homemakers should be aware of to reduce the chances of obesity and keep their lives healthy. The aim of the study was to create awareness on risk factors of obesity among homemakers. A questionnaire was prepared and circulated via an online platform. The data were collected, tabulated and analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis and chi-square association test was performed. According to the results observed, an average of 83% of the participants is aware of the risk factors of obesity. 75.6% of the participants are aware that obesity causes heart diseases and digestive problems. The conclusion is that the majority of the homemakers are aware of the risk factors of obesity.

scholarly journals Running away from the jab: factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto ◽  
Eduardo Polena Pacheco Araújo Costa ◽  
Sara Valente de Almeida ◽  
Joana Cima ◽  
Joana Gomes da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how sociodemographic conditions, political factors, organizational confidence, and non-pharmaceutical interventions compliance affect the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Brazil. METHODS: Data collection took place between November 25th, 2020 and January 11th, 2021 using a nationwide online survey. Subsequently, the researches performed a descriptive analysis on the main variables and used logistic regression models to investigate the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS: Less concern over vaccine side effects could improve the willingness to be vaccinated (probability changed by 7.7 pp; p < 0.10). The current vaccine distrust espoused by the Brazilian president is associated with vaccine hesitancy, among his voter base. Lower performance perception (“Very Bad” with 10.7 pp; p < 0.01) or higher political opposition (left-oriented) regarding the current presidency is associated with the willingness to be vaccinated. Higher compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is usually positively associated with the willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine (+1 score to NPI compliance index is associated with higher willingness to be vaccinated by 1.4 pp, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Willingness to be vaccinated is strongly associated with political leaning, perceived federal government performance, vaccine side effects, and compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).

scholarly journals COVID-19 Outbreak After 100 Days Without Community Transmission: Epidemiological Analysis of Factors Associated With Death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Tran Minh Duc ◽  
Ali Ahmed-Fouad Abozaid ◽  
Le Van Truong ◽  
Nguyen Bao Hung ◽  
Dao Khanh Linh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Multiple Variable

Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has cost millions of deaths and lifelong consequences since December 2019. We attempted to evaluate the incidence, distribution, and risk factors associated with death after applying the social distance strategy to the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 in the Danang outbreak (July 2020), Vietnam. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the online Danang Hospital reports, gathering the epidemiological history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients. We then conducted a descriptive analysis of Fisher's Phi Coefficient and Cramer's, along with multiple logistic regression models to test the effects of symptomatology and control measures performed by the Vietnamese government on transmission dynamics. The last report we examined was on August 29, 2020.Results: 389 SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases related to the Danang outbreak are included in our analysis with a mean age of 47.1 (SD = 18.4), involving 154 men and 235 women, 34 cases of death, and 355 were alive. The study showed significant results related to age, quarantine measures, previous negative SARS-CoV-2 test, and a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath and myalgia (p-value < 0.05). Our multiple-variable analysis suggested the significant risk of death was related to age, severe symptomology, undetected SARS-CoV-2 test results, and prior quarantined SARS-CoV-2 history.Conclusions: Vietnamese authorities had implemented successful quarantine practices to control the SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. However, this virus has shown dynamic spread beyond the ability of the country to control its transmission. Adequate screening, social distancing, and adequate care of the elderly and healthcare workers can lower the risk of future outbreaks.

scholarly journals How to Test for Goodness of Fit in Ordinal Logistic Regression Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten W. Fagerland ◽  
David W. Hosmer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Different Types

Ordinal regression models are used to describe the relationship between an ordered categorical response variable and one or more explanatory variables. Several ordinal logistic models are available in Stata, such as the proportional odds, adjacent-category, and constrained continuation-ratio models. In this article, we present a command (ologitgof) that calculates four goodness-of-fit tests for assessing the overall adequacy of these models. These tests include an ordinal version of the Hosmer–Lemeshow test, the Pulkstenis–Robinson chi-squared and deviance tests, and the Lipsitz likelihood-ratio test. Together, these tests can detect several different types of lack of fit, including wrongly specified continuous terms, omission of different types of interaction terms, and an unordered response variable.

scholarly journals The Effects of Birth Spacing on Nutritional Status in the form of Stunting of Under Five Children in Bangladesh: Evidence Based on BDHS, 2014 Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Mahfuzur Rahman Khokan
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Children Under 5

In this paper, it has been examined the effect of preceding birth interval on nutritional status in the form of Stunting of the children aged under 5 years of age in Bangladesh.For the purpose of the analysis, Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014 data has been used. The study cases are the children under 5 years aged born during last delivery of their mother. The response variable is Nutritional Status of under 5 year children in the form of stunting. The key independent variables is the length of the preceding birth interval, measured as the number of months between the births of the child under study.Bivariate analysis along with a Chi-square test has been performed to examine the association between preceding birth interval and stunting of the children. To determine the effect of preceding birth interval, three different logistic regression models (Model-I: considering only the preceding birth intervals, Model-II: covariate of model-I along with demographic and socioeconomic factors and Model-III: covariates of model-II along with health related factors) were considered.  The occurrence of stunting has been found to be inversely related with the preceding birth interval for the children aged under 5 years in Bangladesh. This inverse association has been found statistically significant for three models.After adjusting the demographic, socio-economic and health-related factors, the OR (odds ratio) shows that the percentage of being stunted is 73% higher for the children whose preceding birth interval is less than 24 (<24) while it is 37% higher for the children whose preceding birth interval is between months compared to whose birth interval is more than 60 (60>) months with 99% confidence interval (1.27, 2.36)***and (1.07, 1.45)***respectively. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 67(2): 139-144, 2019 (July)

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated With Utilization of HIV Self Testing Among Students of Universities in South Western Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Allan Muhumuza ◽  
Jane Kabami ◽  
Dickson Agaba ◽  
Allion Asiimire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Western Uganda

Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is globally accepted as an important complement to existing HIV Counseling and Testing approaches. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and factors associated with the utilization of HIV self-testing among university students of South western Uganda. Methods An online cross sectional study design that used the quantitative approach was conducted purposively among 356 university students of Kampala International University (KIU) and Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) in South western Uganda between 12th August 2020 and 31st August 2020. Mapping different course leaders in launching the Google form link that contained the structured questionnaires in their respective formal class WhatsApp groups for enrolling potential participants. Descriptive analysis of numeric data was summarized in means with standard deviations and presented using tables. Descriptive analysis of categorical data was summarized in frequencies, proportions and presented using tables. Association between independent and dependent variables was assessed using Chi square test (X2) for bivariate analysis in SPSS IBM version 20. Results Of the 356 participants, the study had 57.3% of the participants from KIU and 42.7% were from MUST. The study found that university students who had ever self-tested were 43.2 Socio demographic variables associated with utilization of HIV self-testing were the student’s year of study (p = 0.007), having a sexual partner (p = 0.012), and place of residence (p = 0.000). Conclusions The study demonstrates low levels of utilization of HIV self-testing among University students in association with a number of factors that include how they are aware towards HIV self-testing, places of their residence, having a sexual partner. Key words: HIV, self-testing, University, students, factors associated

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