scholarly journals Lactulose ingestion causes an increase in the abundance of gut-resident bifidobacteria in Japanese women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Y. Sakai ◽  
H. Hamano ◽  
H. Ochi ◽  
F. Abe ◽  
K. Masuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Cell Counts

The genus Bifidobacterium comprises various bacterial species, and the complement of species within the human intestinal tract differs from individual to individual. The balance of these bifidobacterial species remains poorly understood, although it is known that the abundance of bifidobacteria increases following the ingestion of prebiotics. We previously conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of 2 g/day lactulose ingestion for 2 weeks in 60 Japanese women. To study the effect of lactulose ingestion on each bifidobacterial species, here, we measured the abundance of each of the principal bifidobacterial species. After lactulose ingestion, the log cell counts of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis group (8.97±0.08 vs 9.39±0.08, P=0.0019), Bifidobacterium catenulatum group (9.45±0.10 vs 9.65±0.10, P=0.0032) and Bifidobacterium longum group (9.01±0.07 vs 9.29±0.07, P=0.0012) were significantly higher than in the placebo ingestion control group. However, the log cell counts were similar for Bifidobacterium breve (8.12±0.12 vs 8.33±0.12, P=0.20), Bifidobacterium bifidum (9.08±0.12 vs 9.42±0.14, P=0.095) and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis (8.65±0.53 vs 8.46±0.46, P=0.77). Cluster analysis of the log cell count data at the bifidobacterial species level revealed three distinct clusters, but the combinations and ratios of the constituent bifidobacteria were not affected by lactulose ingestion. Furthermore, principal coordinate analysis of the intestinal microbiota in the lactulose and placebo ingestion groups using Illumina MiSeq showed no significant differences in the intestinal microbiota as a whole. These results suggest that 2 g/day lactulose ingestion for 2 weeks significantly increases the abundance of intestinal bifidobacteria, but does not affect the intestinal microbiota as a whole.

Galacto- and Fructo-oligosaccharides Utilized for Growth by Cocultures of Bifidobacterial Species Characteristic of the Infant Gut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sims ◽  
GW Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Growth Substrates

Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Bifidobacterial species are common inhabitants of the gut of human infants during the period when milk is a major component of the diet. Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, and B. longum subspecies infantis have been detected frequently in infant feces, but B. longum subsp. infantis may be disadvantaged numerically in the gut of infants in westernized countries. This may be due to the different durations of breast milk feeding in different countries. Supplementation of the infant diet or replacement of breast milk using formula feeds is common in Western countries. Formula milks often contain galacto- and/or fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS and FOS, respectively) as additives to augment the concentration of oligosaccharides in ruminant milks, but the ability of B. longum subsp. infantis to utilize these potential growth substrates when they are in competition with other bifidobacterial species is unknown. We compared the growth and oligosaccharide utilization of GOS and FOS by bifidobacterial species in pure culture and coculture. Short-chain GOS and FOS (degrees of polymerization [DP] 2 and 3) were favored growth substrates for strains of B. bifidum and B. longum subsp. longum, whereas both B. breve and B. longum subsp. infantis had the ability to utilize both short- and longer-chain GOS and FOS (DP 2 to 6). B. breve was nevertheless numerically dominant over B. longum subsp. infantis in cocultures. This was probably related to the slower use of GOS of DP 3 by B. longum subsp. infantis, indicating that the kinetics of substrate utilization is an important ecological factor in the assemblage of gut communities.IMPORTANCE The kinds of bacteria that form the collection of microbes (the microbiota) in the gut of human infants may influence health and well-being. Knowledge of how the composition of the infant diet influences the assemblage of the bacterial collection is therefore important because dietary interventions may offer opportunities to alter the microbiota with the aim of improving health. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is a well-known bacterial species, but under modern child-rearing conditions it may be disadvantaged in the gut. Modern formula milks often contain particular oligosaccharide additives that are generally considered to support bifidobacterial growth. However, studies of the ability of various bifidobacterial species to grow together in the presence of these oligosaccharides have not been conducted. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of human nutrition on the development of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 results in a greater proportion of healthy days and a lower percentage of academically stressed students reporting a day of cold/flu: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bobbi Langkamp-Henken ◽  
Cassie C. Rowe ◽  
Amanda L. Ford ◽  
Mary C. Christman ◽  
Carmelo Nieves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Symptom Intensity

Acute psychological stress is positively associated with a cold/flu. The present randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effect of three potentially probiotic bacteria on the proportion of healthy days over a 6-week period in academically stressed undergraduate students (n 581) who received Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis R0033, Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071 or placebo. On each day, participants recorded the intensity (scale: 0 = not experiencing to 3 = very intense) for nine cold/flu symptoms, and a sum of symptom intensity >6 was designated as a day of cold/flu. B. bifidum resulted in a greater proportion of healthy days than placebo (P≤ 0·05). The percentage of participants reporting ≥ 1 d of cold/flu during the 6-week intervention period was significantly lower with B. bifidum than with placebo (P< 0·05). There were no effects of B. infantis or L. helveticus compared with placebo on either outcome. A predictive model accounted for influential characteristics and their interactions on daily reporting of cold/flu episodes. The proportion of participants reporting a cold on any given day was lower at weeks 2 and 3 with B. bifidum and B. infantis than with placebo for the average level of stress and the most commonly reported number of hours of sleep. Daily intake of bifidobacteria provides benefit related to cold/flu outcomes during acute stress.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Bifidogenic Peptide from the Pepsin Hydrolysate of Bovine Lactoferrin

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Oda ◽  
Hiroyuki Wakabayashi ◽  
Koji Yamauchi ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Jin-Zhong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Active Peptide ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Pepsin Hydrolysate

ABSTRACTLactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals for which various biological functions have been reported, such as antimicrobial activity and bifidogenic activity. In this study, we compared the bifidogenic activity of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) and pepsin hydrolysate of bLF (bLFH), isolated bifidogenic peptide from bLFH, and investigated the bifidogenic spectra of bLF, bLFH, and its active peptide against 42 bifidobacterial strains comprising nine species. AgainstBifidobacterium breveATCC 15700T, minimal effective concentrations of bLF and bLFH were 300 and 10 μg/ml. AgainstBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisATCC 15697T, the minimal effective concentration of bLFH was 30 μg/ml, and bLF did not show bifidogenic activity within 300 μg/ml. As an active peptide, a heterodimer of A1-W16and L43-A48linked by a disulfide bond was isolated. Previously, this peptide was identified as having antibacterial activity. An amino acid mixture with the same composition as this peptide showed no bifidogenic activity. The strains of each species whose growth was highly promoted (>150%) by this peptide at 3.75 μM were as follows:B. breve(7 out of 7 strains [7/7]),B. longumsubsp.infantis(5/5),Bifidobacterium bifidum(2/5),B. longumsubsp.longum(1/3),Bifidobacterium adolescentis(3/6),Bifidobacterium catenulatum(1/4),Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum(0/4),Bifidobacterium dentium(0/5), andBifidobacterium angulatum(0/3). Growth of none of the strains was highly promoted by bLF at 3.75 μM. We demonstrated that bLFH showed stronger bifidogenic activity than natural bLF, especially against infant-representative species,B. breveandB. longumsubsp.infantis; furthermore, we isolated its active peptide. This is the first report about a bifidogenic peptide derived from bLF.

scholarly journals ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНБИОТИЧЕСКОГОКИСЛОМОЛОЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА НА ОСНОВЕКОНСОРЦИУМА БИФИДОБАКТЕРИЙ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.П. Каменская ◽  
М.В. Обрезкова ◽  
Е.Е. Базеева
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis

Одним из приоритетных направлений пищевых технологий является создание продуктов, обладающих лечебно-профилактическим и функциональным действием, в частности кисломолочных симбиотических продуктов, сочетающих в себе сложные компоненты направленного действия – пробиотики и пребиотики. Цель работы – исследование взаимодействия штаммов различных видов бифидобактерий для получения на их основе консорциума с новыми биотехнологическими свойствами и создание синбиотического кисломолочного продукта с высоким титром бифидобактерий. Объектами исследований были выбраны штаммы Bifidobacterium bifidum 791, Bifidobacterium longum 379 М, Bifidobacterium adolescentis МС-42. При оценке качества в работе применяли общепринятые методы исследований. Установлено, что оптимальным соотношением штаммов B. bifidum 791, B. longum 379 М, B. аdolescentis МС-42 в составе комбинированной закваски является 1:1:2. Диско-диффузионным методом проведен анализ устойчивости консорциума к 23 антибиотикам разных поколений и спектров действий. Наибольшая устойчивость отмечена к бета-лактамным антибиотикам, бактерицидная активность которых обусловлена ингибированием синтеза клеточной стенки микроорганизмов. Также изучено влияние различных концентраций пребиотиков полисахаридной природы (пектина и инулина) на изменение количества жизнеспособных клеток бифидобактерий. Показано, что синбиотический кисломолочный продукт на основе подобранного консорциума бифидобактерий с внесением 2,5 % пектина может быть рекомендован для профилактики и коррекции нарушений дисбаланса кишечной микрофлоры, а также поддержания неспецифической резистентности организма. 

Galacto- and Fructo-oligosaccharides Utilized for Growth by Cocultures of Bifidobacterial Species Characteristic of the Infant Gut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sims ◽  
GW Tannock
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Infant Diet ◽  
Growth Substrates

Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Bifidobacterial species are common inhabitants of the gut of human infants during the period when milk is a major component of the diet. Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, and B. longum subspecies infantis have been detected frequently in infant feces, but B. longum subsp. infantis may be disadvantaged numerically in the gut of infants in westernized countries. This may be due to the different durations of breast milk feeding in different countries. Supplementation of the infant diet or replacement of breast milk using formula feeds is common in Western countries. Formula milks often contain galacto- and/or fructo-oligosaccharides (GOS and FOS, respectively) as additives to augment the concentration of oligosaccharides in ruminant milks, but the ability of B. longum subsp. infantis to utilize these potential growth substrates when they are in competition with other bifidobacterial species is unknown. We compared the growth and oligosaccharide utilization of GOS and FOS by bifidobacterial species in pure culture and coculture. Short-chain GOS and FOS (degrees of polymerization [DP] 2 and 3) were favored growth substrates for strains of B. bifidum and B. longum subsp. longum, whereas both B. breve and B. longum subsp. infantis had the ability to utilize both short- and longer-chain GOS and FOS (DP 2 to 6). B. breve was nevertheless numerically dominant over B. longum subsp. infantis in cocultures. This was probably related to the slower use of GOS of DP 3 by B. longum subsp. infantis, indicating that the kinetics of substrate utilization is an important ecological factor in the assemblage of gut communities.IMPORTANCE The kinds of bacteria that form the collection of microbes (the microbiota) in the gut of human infants may influence health and well-being. Knowledge of how the composition of the infant diet influences the assemblage of the bacterial collection is therefore important because dietary interventions may offer opportunities to alter the microbiota with the aim of improving health. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is a well-known bacterial species, but under modern child-rearing conditions it may be disadvantaged in the gut. Modern formula milks often contain particular oligosaccharide additives that are generally considered to support bifidobacterial growth. However, studies of the ability of various bifidobacterial species to grow together in the presence of these oligosaccharides have not been conducted. These kinds of studies are essential for developing concepts of microbial ecology related to the influence of human nutrition on the development of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Exploring the Diversity of the Bifidobacterial Population in the Human Intestinal Tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Turroni ◽  
Elena Foroni ◽  
Paola Pizzetti ◽  
Vanessa Giubellini ◽  
Angela Ribbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Internally Transcribed Spacer

ABSTRACT Although the health-promoting roles of bifidobacteria are widely accepted, the diversity of bifidobacteria among the human intestinal microbiota is still poorly understood. We performed a census of bifidobacterial populations from human intestinal mucosal and fecal samples by plating them on selective medium, coupled with molecular analysis of selected rRNA gene sequences (16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer [ITS] 16S-23S spacer sequences) of isolated colonies. A total of 900 isolates were collected, of which 704 were shown to belong to bifidobacteria. Analyses showed that the culturable bifidobacterial population from intestinal and fecal samples include six main phylogenetic taxa, i.e., Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum, and two species mostly detected in fecal samples, i.e., Bifidobacterium dentium and Bifidobacterium animalis subp. lactis. Analysis of bifidobacterial distribution based on age of the subject revealed that certain identified bifidobacterial species were exclusively present in the adult human gut microbiota whereas others were found to be widely distributed. We encountered significant intersubject variability and composition differences between fecal and mucosa-adherent bifidobacterial communities. In contrast, a modest diversification of bifidobacterial populations was noticed between different intestinal regions within the same individual (intrasubject variability). Notably, a small number of bifidobacterial isolates were shown to display a wide ecological distribution, thus suggesting that they possess a broad colonization capacity.

scholarly journals Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled intervention trial to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed coeliac disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Olivares ◽  
Gemma Castillejo ◽  
Vicente Varea ◽  
Yolanda Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tnf Α

Interactions between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota may play a role in coeliac disease (CD). In the present study, the potential effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 in children with newly diagnosed CD were evaluated. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in thirty-three children who received a capsule containing either B. longum CECT 7347 (109 colony-forming units) or placebo (excipients) daily for 3 months together with a gluten-free diet (GFD). Outcome measures (baseline and post-intervention) included immune phenotype of peripheral blood cells, serum cytokine concentration, faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) content, anthropometric parameters and intestinal microbiota composition. Comparisons between the groups revealed greater height percentile increases (P= 0·048) in the B. longum CECT 7347 group than in the placebo group, as well as decreased peripheral CD3+ T lymphocytes (P= 0·004) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration (P= 0·067). Within-group comparisons of baseline and final values did not reveal any differences in T lymphocytes and cytokines in the placebo group, while decreased CD3+ (P =0·013) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ T lymphocytes (P =0·029) and slightly reduced TNF-α concentration (P= 0·085) were detected in the B. longum CECT 7347 group. Comparison between the groups showed that the administration of B. longum CECT 7347 reduced the numbers of the Bacteroides fragilis group (P= 0·020) and the content of sIgA in stools (P= 0·011) compared with the administration of placebo. Although this is a first exploratory intervention with limitations, the findings suggest that B. longum CECT 7347 could help improve the health status of CD patients who tend to show alterations in gut microbiota composition and a biased immune response even on a GFD.

scholarly journals Study of Adhesion and Survival of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria on Table Olives with the Aim of Formulating a New Probiotic Food

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4233-4240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Lavermicocca ◽  
Francesca Valerio ◽  
Stella Lisa Lonigro ◽  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Lorenzo Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Probiotic Food

ABSTRACT With the aim of developing new functional foods, a traditional product, the table olive, was used as a vehicle for incorporating probiotic bacterial species. Survival on table olives of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (three strains), Lactobacillus paracasei (two strains), Bifidobacterium bifidum (one strain), and Bifidobacterium longum (one strain) at room temperature was investigated. The results obtained using a selected olive sample demonstrated that bifidobacteria and one strain of L. rhamnosus (Lactobacillus GG) showed a good survival rate, with a recovery of about 106 CFU g−1 after 30 days. The Lactobacillus GG population remained unvaried until the end of the experiment, while a slight decline (to about 105 CFU g−1) was observed for bifidobacteria. High viability, with more than 107 CFU g−1, was observed throughout the 3-month experiment for L. paracasei IMPC2.1. This strain, selected for its potential probiotic characteristics and for its lengthy survival on olives, was used to validate table olives as a carrier for transporting bacterial cells into the human gastrointestinal tract. L. paracasei IMPC2.1 was recovered from fecal samples in four out of five volunteers fed 10 to 15 olives per day carrying about 109 to 1010 viable cells for 10 days.

scholarly journals Solidago virgaurea L. Plant Extract Targeted against Candida albicans to Reduce Oral Microbial Biomass: A Double Blind Randomized Trial on Healthy Adults

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Isabelle Prêcheur ◽  
Yohan Rolland ◽  
Lilia Hasseine ◽  
François Orange ◽  
Adeline Morisot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Solidago Virgaurea

Oral microbiome plays an important part on oral health and endogenous bacteria and fungi should not be eradicated. However, their proliferation must be controlled by oral hygiene care. In vitro, Solidago virgaurea ssp. virgaurea L. (SV) plant extract inhibits the adherence and hyphal formation of a fungus, Candida albicans. It reduces the biomass of Candida-bacterial biofilms but not fungal or bacterial growth. Unlike chemical antiseptics, like triclosan and chlorhexidine for instance, SV is a plant extract easily biodegradable. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo effectiveness of SV extract in reducing oral biomass. A randomized, double-blind clinical study, with dental plaque evaluation designed to assess the effectiveness of a fluorinated toothpaste containing SV (Bucovia™, Givaudan, Vernier, Switzerland) was conducted. Sixty-six subjects (SV group n = 33 vs. control n = 33) brushed their teeth twice a day for a 4-week period. Supragingival dental plaque was sampled. Total bacterial load (broad spectral bacterial quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)), C. albicans and seven bacterial species were quantified by qPCR. In the Intervention group, there was a decrease of Total bacterial load (ΔD0D28 p = 0.005 and ΔD14D28 p = 0.026), Streptococcus mutans (ΔD0D14 p = 0.024) and C. albicans (ΔD0D28 p = 0.022). In the Control group Total bacterial load tended to decrease from baseline to day 28 (ΔD0D28 p = 0.062 and ΔD14D28 p = 0.009). Plaque Index and Gingival Index improved in both groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document