scholarly journals Bifidobacterium longum-fermented rice bran and rice bran supplementation affects the gut microbiome and metabolome

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Nealon ◽  
K.D. Parker ◽  
P. Lahaie ◽  
H. Ibrahim ◽  
A.K. Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Murine Colon

This study investigated gut microbiota composition along with food, host, and microbial derived metabolites in the colon and systemic circulation of healthy mice following dietary rice bran and fermented rice bran intake. Adult male BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or one of two experimental diets containing 10% w/w rice bran fermented by Bifidobacterium longum or 10% w/w non-fermented rice bran for 15 weeks. Metabolomics was performed on the study diets (food), the murine colon and whole blood. These were analysed in concert with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of faeces, caecum, and colon microbiomes. Principal components analysis of murine microbiota composition displayed marked separation between control and experimental diets, and between faecal and tissue (caecum and colon) microbiomes. Colon and caecal microbiomes in both experimental diet groups showed enrichment of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales related amplicon sequence variants compared to control. Bacterial composition was largely similar between experimental diets. Metabolite profiling revealed 530 small molecules comprising of 39% amino acids and 21% lipids that had differential abundances across food, colon, and blood matrices, and statistically significant between the control, rice bran, and fermented rice bran groups. The amino acid metabolite, N-delta-acetylornithine, was notably increased by B. longum rice bran fermentation when compared to non-fermented rice bran in food, colon, and blood. These findings support that dietary intake of rice bran fermented with B. longum modulates multiple metabolic pathways important to the gut and overall health.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy Affect the Gut Microbiota and Ghrelin Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Mª Martín-Núñez ◽  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
Mercedes Clemente-Postigo ◽  
Francisco J. Tinahones ◽  
Isabel Moreno-Indias
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background: Antibiotic therapy used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori has been associated with changes in plasma ghrelin and alterations in the gut microbiota. On the other hand, changes in ghrelin levels have been related to changes in gut microbiota composition. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between changes in the gut microbiota and ghrelin levels in H. pylori infected patients who received antibiotic treatment for its eradication.Methods: A prospective case-control study that included forty H. pylori-positive patients who received eradication therapy (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin) and twenty healthy H. pylori antigen-negative participants. Patients were evaluated, including clinical, anthropometric and dietary variables, before and 2 months after treatment. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (IlluminaMiSeq).Results: Changes in gut microbiota profiles and decrease in ghrelin levels were identified after H. pylori eradication treatment. Gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium longum, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Parabacteroides distasonis, and RS045 have been linked to ghrelin levels fasting and/or post meals. Changes in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, its genus Blautia, as well as Prevotella stercorea, and Megasphaera have been inversely associated with changes in ghrelin after eradication treatment.Conclusions: Eradication treatment for H. pylori produces changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and ghrelin levels. The imbalance between lactate producers such as Blautia, and lactate consumers such as Megasphaera, Lachnospiraceae, or Prevotella, could trigger changes related to ghrelin levels under the alteration of the eradication therapy used for H. pylori. In addition, acetate producing bacteria such as B. longum, Bacteroides, and P. distasonis could also play an important role in ghrelin regulation.

scholarly journals Modulation of gastrointestinal bacterial in chronic atrophic gastritis model rats by Chinese and west medicine intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Huang ◽  
Sihan Li ◽  
Youcheng He ◽  
Cuili Lin ◽  
Yueming Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Pathogenic Factors

Abstract Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is well-known related with multiple pathogenic factors and normally therapies comprised by western or Chinese medicines. The present study was designed to identify the bacterial community characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and determine the modulate affection of bacterial composition response western and Chinese medicine Qinghuayin (QHY) as well as antibiotic on model rats. The result shown the overall structure alteration of bacterial appeared under medicine intervened, antibiotic caused a marked depletion in bacterial diversity and richness. The enrichments of Firmicutes (85.1-90.7%) in antibiotic-free converts into Bacteroidetes (30.7-34.6%) in antibiotic-added model rat were demonstrated. Firmicutes as the most dominant phylum in antibiotic-free treatments and significantly decreased till 21.9%-68.5% in antibiotic-added treatments. Especially QHY-treated rats showed highest RA of Firmicutes (90.7%) and the amelioration of CAG using QHY attributed by beneficial bacterial enrichment, especially Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In addition, alpha and beta diversity analysis also demonstrated the clear dispersion and aggregation that revealed the alteration and steady of bacterial community structures. In summary, QHY has potential application value in the treatment of CAG, which attributed to close relation with the modulatory of internal bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gastrointestinal Bacterial in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Model Rats by Chinese and West Medicine Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Huang ◽  
Sihan Li ◽  
Youcheng He ◽  
Cuili Lin ◽  
Yueming Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Pathogenic Factors

Abstract Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) was well-known related with multiple pathogenic factors and normally therapies comprised by western or Chinese medicines. Present study was design to identified the bacterial community characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and determine the modulate affection of bacterial composition response western and Chinese medicine Qing huayin (QHY) as well as antibiotic on model rats. Result shown the overall structure alteration of bacterial appeared under medicine applied, antibiotic caused a marked depletion in bacterial diversity and richness, the enrichment of Firmicutes (85.1-90.7%) in antibiotic-free convert to Bacteroidetes (30.7-34.6%) in antibiotic-added model rat were demonstrated. Firmicutes was most dominant phylum and accounting for 85.1%-90.5% and significantly decreased till 21.9%-68.5% in antibiotic-added treatments. Especially QHY-treated show highest RA of Firmicutes (90.5%) and the amelioration of CAG using QHY attributed by beneficial bacterial enrichment, especially Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In addition, alpha and beta diversity analysis also demonstrated the clear dispersion and aggregation that revealed the alteration and steady of bacterial community structures. In summary, QHY has potential application value in the treatment of CAG which attributed to close relation with the modulatory of internal bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Can Physical Activity Influence Human Gut Microbiota Composition Independently of Diet? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Barbara Dorelli ◽  
Francesca Gallè ◽  
Corrado De Vito ◽  
Guglielmo Duranti ◽  
Matteo Iachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) influences the human gut microbiota composition, but its role is unclear because of dietary interference. The aim of this review is to clarify this issue from this new perspective in healthy individuals. Articles analyzing intestinal microbiota from fecal samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were selected by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. For each study, methodological quality was assessed, and results about microbiota biodiversity indices, phylum and genus composition, and information on PA and diet were considered. From 997 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies involved athletes, three were performed on active people classified on the basis of habitual PA level, and two among sedentary subjects undergoing exercise interventions. The majority of the studies reported higher variability and prevalence of the phylum Firmicutes (genera Ruminococcaceae or Fecalibacteria) in active compared to inactive individuals, especially in athletes. The assessment of diet as a possible confounder of PA/exercise effects was completed only in four studies. They reported a similar abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, which are involved in metabolic, protective, structural, and histological functions. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Relation to the Presence of the Top 7 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli throughout Australian Beef Abattoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1821
Author(s):  
SANGA KANG ◽  
JOSHUA T. RAVENSDALE ◽  
RANIL COOREY ◽  
GARY A. DYKES ◽  
ROBERT S. BARLOW
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Inspection Service

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that diversity changes in bacterial communities of beef cattle correlate to the presence of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC). However, studies that found an association between STEC and bacterial diversity have been focused on preslaughter stages in the beef supply chain. This study was designed to test a hypothesis that there are no differences in bacterial diversity between samples with and those without the presence of the top 7 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) throughout processing in an integrated (abattoir A) and a fragmented (abattoir B) Australian beef abattoir. Slaughter and boning room surface samples from each abattoir were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and tested for the top 7 STEC following the Food Safety and Inspection Service protocol. Potential positives through slaughter were similar between the abattoirs (64 to 81%). However, abattoir B had substantially reduced potential positives in the boning room compared with abattoir A (abattoir A: 23 and 48%; abattoir B: 2 and 7%). Alpha diversity between the sample groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05) regardless of different STEC markers. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of slaughter samples showed that the bacterial composition in fecal and hide samples shared the least similarity with the communities in carcass and environmental samples. Surface samples from slaughter (carcass and environmental) and boning (carcass, beef trim, and environmental) all appeared randomly plotted on the scale. This indicated that the STEC presence also did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on beta diversity. Although presence of STEC appeared to correlate with changes in diversity of fecal and hide bacterial communities in previous studies, it did not appear to have the same effect on other samples throughout processing. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Microbiome-related aspects of locust density-dependent phase transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Lavy ◽  
Ohad Lewin-Epstein ◽  
Yonatan Bendett ◽  
Uri Gophna ◽  
Eran Gefen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Before And After

AbstractLocust plagues are an ancient phenomenon, with references going back to the Old Testament. These swarming pests are notorious for their tendency to aggregate and perform long migrations, consuming vast amounts of vegetation and decimating the cultivated fields on their path. However, when population density is low, locusts will express a solitary, cryptic, non-aggregating phenotype that is not considered as an agricultural pest. Although transition of locusts from the solitary to the gregarious phase has been well studied, the shifts in the locust microbiome composition associated with this phase-transition have yet to be addressed. Here, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we compared the bacterial composition of solitary desert locusts before and after a crowding-induced phase-transition. Our findings reveal that the microbiome is altered during the phase transition. We also show that this significant change in bacterial composition includes the acquisition of a specific bacterial species - Weissella cibaria (Firmicutes), which has been previously shown to induce aggregation in cockroaches. Our findings led us to hypothesize that the locust microbiome may play a role in inducing aggregation behavior, contributing to the formation and maintenance of a swarm. Employing a mathematical model, we demonstrate the potential evolutionary advantage of inducing aggregation under various environmental conditions; and specifically, when the aggregation-inducing microbe exhibits a relatively high horizontal transmission rate. This is a first description of a previously unknown and important aspect of locust phase transition, demonstrating that the phase shift includes a shift in the gut and integument bacterial composition.

scholarly journals Modulation of gastrointestinal bacterial in chronic atrophic gastritis model rats by Chinese and west medicine intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Huang ◽  
Sihan Li ◽  
Youcheng He ◽  
Cuili Lin ◽  
Yueming Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Pathogenic Factors

AbstractChronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is well-known related with multiple pathogenic factors and normally therapies comprised by western or Chinese medicines. The present study was designed to identify the bacterial community characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and determine the modulate affection of bacterial composition response western and Chinese medicine Qinghuayin (QHY) as well as antibiotic on model rats. The result shown the overall structure alteration of bacterial appeared under medicine intervened, antibiotic caused a marked depletion in bacterial diversity and richness. The enrichments of Firmicutes (85.1–90.7%) in antibiotic-free converts into Bacteroidetes (30.7–34.6%) in antibiotic-added model rat were demonstrated. Firmicutes as the most dominant phylum in antibiotic-free treatments and significantly decreased till 21.9–68.5% in antibiotic-added treatments. Especially QHY-treated rats showed highest RA of Firmicutes (90.7%) and the amelioration of CAG using QHY attributed by beneficial bacterial enrichment, especially Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In addition, alpha and beta diversity analysis also demonstrated the clear dispersion and aggregation that revealed the alteration and steady of bacterial community structures. In summary, QHY has potential application value in the treatment of CAG, which attributed to close relation with the modulatory of internal bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Dynamics of bacterial composition in the locust reproductive tract are affected by the density-dependent phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Lavy ◽  
Uri Gophna ◽  
Eran Gefen ◽  
Amir Ayali
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Mass Migration

ABSTRACT The important role that locust gut bacteria play in their host biology is well accepted. Among other roles, gut bacteria are suggested to be involved in the locust swarming phenomenon. In addition, in many insect orders, the reproductive system is reported to serve as a vector for trans-generation bacterial inoculation. Knowledge of the bacterial composition of the locust reproductive tract is, however, practically absent. Here we characterized the reproductive system bacterial composition of gregarious and solitary females. We investigated its temporal dynamics and how it interacts with the locust phase, by comparative sampling and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We revealed that the bacterial composition of the locust female reproductive tract is mostly constructed of three core genera: Micrococcus, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus. While solitary females maintained a consistent bacterial composition, in the gregarious phase this consortium demonstrated large temporal shifts, mostly manifested by Brevibacterium blooms. These data are in accord with our previous report on the dynamics of locust hindgut bacterial microbiota, further indicating that locust endosymbionts are affected by their host population density. These newly understood dynamics may have implications beyond their contribution to our knowledge of locust ecology, as aggregation and mass migration are prevalent phenomena across many migrating animals.

scholarly journals Manipulation of the gut microbiota by the use of prebiotic fibre does not override a genetic predisposition to heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdi A. Jama ◽  
April Fiedler ◽  
Kirill Tsyganov ◽  
Erin Nelson ◽  
Duncan Horlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing

Abstract Increasing evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and its progression to heart failure (HF). Dietary fibre has emerged as a modulator of the gut microbiota, resulting in the release of gut metabolites called short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate. We have shown previously that fibre or acetate can protect against hypertension and heart disease in certain models. HF is also commonly caused by genetic disorders. In this study we investigated whether the intake of fibre or direct supplementation with acetate could attenuate the development of HF in a genetic model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to overexpression of the cardiac specific mammalian sterile 20-like kinase (Mst1). Seven-week-old male mice DCM mice and littermate controls (wild-type, C57BL/6) were fed a control diet (with or without supplementation with 200 mM magnesium acetate in drinking water), or a high fibre diet for 7 weeks. We obtained hemodynamic, morphological, flow cytometric and gene expression data. The gut microbiome was characterised by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Fibre intake was associated with a significant shift in the gut microbiome irrespective of mouse genotype. However, neither fibre or supplementation with acetate were able to attenuate cardiac remodelling or cardiomyocyte apoptosis in Mst1 mice. Furthermore, fibre and acetate did not improve echocardiographic or hemodynamic parameters in DCM mice. These data suggest that although fibre modulates the gut microbiome, neither fibre nor acetate can override a strong genetic contribution to the development of heart failure in the Mst1 model.

scholarly journals Third generation cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam have distinct impacts on the microbiota of critically ill patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasinika K. A. H. Gamage ◽  
Carola Venturini ◽  
Sasha G. Tetu ◽  
Masrura Kabir ◽  
Vineet Nayyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

AbstractEffective implementation of antibiotic stewardship, especially in critical care, is limited by a lack of direct comparative investigations on how different antibiotics impact the microbiota and antibiotic resistance rates. We investigated the impact of two commonly used antibiotics, third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) on the endotracheal, perineal and faecal microbiota of intensive care patients in Australia. Patients exposed to either 3GC, TZP, or no β-lactams (control group) were sampled over time and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed to examine microbiota diversity and composition. While neither treatment significantly affected diversity, numerous changes to microbiota composition were associated with each treatment. The shifts in microbiota composition associated with 3GC exposure differed from those observed with TZP, consistent with previous reports in animal models. This included a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae abundance in endotracheal and perineal microbiota for those administered 3GC compared to the control group. Culture-based analyses did not identify any significant changes in the prevalence of specific pathogenic or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Exposure to clinical antibiotics has previously been linked to reduced microbiota diversity and increased antimicrobial resistance, but our results indicate that these effects may not be immediately apparent after short-term real-world exposures.

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