Bacteriocin production and adhesion properties as mechanisms for the anti-listerial activity of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. van Zyl ◽  
S.M. Deane ◽  
L.M.T. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Enterococcus Mundtii ◽  
Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

Probiotics play an important role in maintaining a healthy and stable intestinal microbiota, primarily by preventing infection. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to be inhibitory to many bacterial enteric pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Whilst the positive role that probiotics have on human physiology, specifically in the treatment or prevention of specific infectious diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) is known, the precise mechanistic basis of these effects remains a major research goal. In this study, molecular evidence to underpin the protective and anti-listerial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA against orally administered Listeria monocytogenes EGDe in the GIT of mice is provided. Bacteriocins plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA, produced by L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA, respectively, inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes in vitro and in vivo. Bacteriocin-negative mutants of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA failed to exclude L. monocytogenes EGDe from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mice. Furthermore, L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA failed to inhibit recombinant strains of L. monocytogenes EGDe in vivo that expressed the immunity proteins of the two bacteriocins. These results confirmed that bacteriocins plantaricin 423 and mundticin ST4SA acted as anti-infective mediators in vivo. Compared to wild type strains, mutants of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA, in which the adhesion genes were knocked out, were less effective in the exclusion of L. monocytogenes EGDe from the GIT of mice. This work demonstrates the importance of bacteriocin and adhesion genes as probiotic anti-infective mechanisms.

scholarly journals Radiofrequency Irradiation Modulates TRPV1-Related Burning Sensation in Rosacea

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Seyeon Oh ◽  
Myeongjoo Son ◽  
Joonhong Park ◽  
Donghwan Kang ◽  
Kyunghee Byun
Keyword(s):  
Burning Sensation ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Rosacea is a skin inflammatory condition that is accompanied by not only redness and flushing but also unseen symptoms, such as burning, stinging, and itching. TRPV1 expression in UVB-exposed skin can lead to a painful burning sensation. Upregulated TRPV1 expression helps release neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which can activate macrophage and inflammatory molecules. In this study, we found that radiofrequency (RF) irradiation reduced TRPV1 activation and neuropeptide expression in a UVB-exposed in vivo model and UVB- or heat-treated in an in vitro model. RF irradiation attenuated neuropeptide-induced macrophage activation and inflammatory molecule expression. Interestingly, the burning sensation in the skin of UVB-exposed mice and patients with rosacea was significantly decreased by RF irradiation. These results can provide experimental and molecular evidence on the effective use of RF irradiation for the burning sensation in patients with rosacea.

scholarly journals PapRIV, a BV-2 microglial cell activating quorum sensing peptide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yorick Janssens ◽  
Nathan Debunne ◽  
Anton De Spiegeleer ◽  
Evelien Wynendaele ◽  
Marta Planas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Communication Signals ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract

AbstractQuorum sensing peptides (QSPs) are bacterial peptides produced by Gram-positive bacteria to communicate with their peers in a cell-density dependent manner. These peptides do not only act as interbacterial communication signals, but can also have effects on the host. Compelling evidence demonstrates the presence of a gut-brain axis and more specifically, the role of the gut microbiota in microglial functioning. The aim of this study is to investigate microglial activating properties of a selected QSP (PapRIV) which is produced by Bacillus cereus species. PapRIV showed in vitro activating properties of BV-2 microglia cells and was able to cross the in vitro Caco-2 cell model and reach the brain. In vivo peptide presence was also demonstrated in mouse plasma. The peptide caused induction of IL-6, TNFα and ROS expression and increased the fraction of ameboid BV-2 microglia cells in an NF-κB dependent manner. Different metabolites were identified in serum, of which the main metabolite still remained active. PapRIV is thus able to cross the gastro-intestinal tract and the blood–brain barrier and shows in vitro activating properties in BV-2 microglia cells, hereby indicating a potential role of this quorum sensing peptide in gut-brain interaction.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Molecular Evidence for Better Therapeutic Efficacy of ABT-627 and Taxotere Combination in Prostate Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3818-3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Banerjee ◽  
Maha Hussain ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Allen Saliganan ◽  
Mingxin Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Molecular Evidence

scholarly journals Pharmacologically mechanistic basis for the traditional uses of Rumex acetosa in gut motility disorders and emesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musaddique Hussain ◽  
Shahid Masood Raza ◽  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz
Keyword(s):  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Antiemetic Activity ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
The Right

<p class="Abstract"><em>In vitro</em> and<em> in vivo</em> studies were undertaken to evaluate the pharmacologically mechanistic background to validate the traditional uses of <em>Rumex acetosa</em> in the treatment of emesis and gastrointestinal motility disorders such as constipation and diarrhea. In rabbit jejunum preparation, methanolic extract of <em>R. acetosa</em> (0.01-1.0 mg/mL) caused a transient spasmogenic effect, followed by the spasmolytic effect (3-10 mg/mL). In presence of atropine, spasmogenic effect was blocked while spasmolytic effect was emerged, suggesting that spasmogenic effect was mediated through activation of muscarinic receptors. Extract inhibited the K<sup>+ </sup>(80 mM)-induced contraction, suggesting Ca<sup>2+</sup>-cha-nnel blockade, which was further confirmed when pretreatment of tissue with extract shifted the Ca<sup>2+ </sup>concentration-response curves to the right, similarly as verapamil.<em> R. acetosa</em> also exhibited the significant antiemetic activity (p&lt;0.05) against different emetogenic stimuli, when compared with chlorpromazine. This study confirms the presence of gut modulator (spasmogenic and spasmolytic) and antiemetic activates, validating its traditional uses.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals TRPM7 and CaV3.2 channels mediate Ca2+ influx required for egg activation at fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (44) ◽  
pp. E10370-E10378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda L. Bernhardt ◽  
Paula Stein ◽  
Ingrid Carvacho ◽  
Christopher Krapp ◽  
Goli Ardestani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Store Depletion ◽  
Offspring Growth ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Genetic Mouse Models

The success of mammalian development following fertilization depends on a series of transient increases in egg cytoplasmic Ca2+, referred to as Ca2+ oscillations. Maintenance of these oscillations requires Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, which is mediated in part by T-type, CaV3.2 channels. Here we show using genetic mouse models that TRPM7 channels are required to support this Ca2+ influx. Eggs lacking both TRPM7 and CaV3.2 stop oscillating prematurely, indicating that together they are responsible for the majority of Ca2+ influx immediately following fertilization. Fertilized eggs lacking both channels also frequently display delayed resumption of Ca2+ oscillations, which appears to require sperm–egg fusion. TRPM7 and CaV3.2 channels almost completely account for Ca2+ influx observed following store depletion, a process previously attributed to canonical store-operated Ca2+ entry mediated by STIM/ORAI interactions. TRPM7 serves as a membrane sensor of extracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentrations and mediates the effects of these ions on Ca2+ oscillation frequency. When bred to wild-type males, female mice carrying eggs lacking TRPM7 and CaV3.2 are subfertile, and their offspring have increased variance in postnatal weight. These in vivo findings confirm previous observations linking in vitro experimental alterations in Ca2+ oscillatory patterns with developmental potential and offspring growth. The identification of TRPM7 and CaV3.2 as key mediators of Ca2+ influx following fertilization provides a mechanistic basis for the rational design of culture media that optimize developmental potential in research animals, domestic animals, and humans.

scholarly journals CAPACIDAD PROBIÓTICA DE BACTERIAS LÁCTICAS AISLADAS DE CHICHA DE MOLLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Jhanina Rodríguez Carrasco ◽  
Paula García-Godos Alcázar
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides

La investigación tuvo como objetivos aislar e identificar bacterias lácticas (BAL), evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro e in vivo de bacterias lácticas aisladas de chicha de molle, para ello se muestreó chichas de molle elaboradas artesanalmente de las provincias de Huanta y Huamanga, aislando 55 cepas BAL e identificando a Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus maltaromicus y Leuconostoc mesenteroides en base a la coloración Gram, producción de gas, gluconato y fermentación de azúcares. Para evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro se realizaron pruebas de antagonismo entre BAL con cuatro microorganismos patógenos (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923 y Candida albicans ATCC 90028), mostrándose que 14 de las 55 cepas BAL producen sustancias inhibitorias de amplio espectro; asimismo, se evaluó la capacidad de tolerancia a condiciones gastrointestinales de cepas BAL, realizando ensayos a diferentes pHs , diferentes concentraciones de sales biliares y extracto gástrico artificial, resultando 25 cepas BAL con capacidad de tolerancia gastrointestinal y se seleccionaron cuatro cepas con mayor diámetro de halos de inhibición y cepas tolerantes a condiciones gastrointestinales siendo las cepas: BL-1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), BL-26 (Lactobacillus maltaromicus), BL-27 (Lactobacillus plantarum) y BL-53 (Lactobacillus maltaromicus), a las cuales se evaluaron la capacidad probiótica in vivo en 20 ratas para luego realizar recuento de BAL en el intestino a los 21 días, encontrándose en el grupo de estudio con BAL a 60x1019 UFC/ mL, mientras en el tratamiento con BAL más yacón a 25x1024 UFC/mL y los tratamientos de yacón y control a 50x1014 UFC/mL de BAL obteniéndose una de ganancia de peso en ratas en el grupo de estudio de BAL más yacón de 46 g, mientras con bacterias lácticas se tuvo 24 g y 16 g en el grupo control y extracto de yacón. En consecuencia esta investigación demuestra que la toma diaria de bebidas fermentadas tradicionales favorece el incremento de Lactobacillus en la microbiota intestinal.

scholarly journals Dysregulated interactions triggered by a neuropathy-causing mutation in the IPV motif of HSP27

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Reid Alderson ◽  
Elias Adriaenssens ◽  
Bob Asselbergh ◽  
Iva Pritišanac ◽  
Heidi Y. Gastall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease ◽  
System A ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
The Impact

HSP27 (HSPB1) is a systemically expressed human small heat-shock protein that forms large, dynamic oligomers and functions in various aspects of cellular homeostasis. Mutations in HSP27 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system. A particularly severe form of the disease is triggered by the P182L mutation within the highly conserved IxI/V motif of HSP27. Here, we observed that the P182L variant of HSP27 lacks the ability to prevent the aggregation of client proteins and formed significantly larger oligomers both in vitro and in vivo. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the P182L IxI/V motif binds its α-crystallin domain with significantly lower association rate, and thus affinity, rendering the binding site more available for other interactors. We identified 22 IxI/V-containing proteins that are known to interact with HSP27 and could therefore bind with enhanced affinity to the P182L variant. We validated this hypothesis through co-immunoprecipitation experiments, revealing that the IxI/V motif-bearing co-chaperone BAG3 indeed binds with higher affinity to the P182L variant. Our results provide a mechanistic basis for the impact of the P182L mutation on HSP27, and highlight the general importance of the IxI/V motif and its role in protein-protein interaction networks.

scholarly journals Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Insights for Improved Therapeutic Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler L. Stevens ◽  
Michael J. Wallace ◽  
Mona El Refaey ◽  
Jason D. Roberts ◽  
Sara N. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fatty Replacement ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited disorder characterized by structural and electrical cardiac abnormalities, including myocardial fibro-fatty replacement. Its pathological ventricular substrate predisposes subjects to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). ACM is a notorious cause of SCD in young athletes, and exercise has been documented to accelerate its progression. Although the genetic culprits are not exclusively limited to the intercalated disc, the majority of ACM-linked variants reside within desmosomal genes and are transmitted via Mendelian inheritance patterns; however, penetrance is highly variable. Its natural history features an initial “concealed phase” that results in patients being vulnerable to malignant arrhythmias prior to the onset of structural changes. Lack of effective therapies that target its pathophysiology renders management of patients challenging due to its progressive nature, and has highlighted a critical need to improve our understanding of its underlying mechanistic basis. In vitro and in vivo studies have begun to unravel the molecular consequences associated with disease causing variants, including altered Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Characterization of ACM mouse models has facilitated the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches. Improved molecular insight into the condition promises to usher in novel forms of therapy that will lead to improved care at the clinical bedside.

In vivo and in vitro immunomodulation of Der p 1 allergen-specific response by Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hisbergues ◽  
M. Magi ◽  
P. Rigaux ◽  
J. Steuve ◽  
L. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Der P 1
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