Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: in vivo and ex vivo analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Garcia ◽  
C.A. Dogi ◽  
V.L. Poloni ◽  
A.S. Fochesato ◽  
A. De Moreno de Leblanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Yeast Strain ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Ex Vivo Model

Probiotics represents an alternative to replace antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed and are able to control enteric bacterial diseases and to improve gut immunity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 showed previously inhibition/coagregation of pathogens) and mycotoxins adsorbent ability (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone). The aim of this work was to evaluate beneficial properties of S. cerevisiae RC016 in a non-inflammatory in vivo model in weaned piglets and in an intestinal inflammation ex vivo model induced by the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels, intestinal cytokines, goblet cells and production parameters were evaluated in a pig model. For the in vivo assays, twelve pigs were weaned at 21 days and assigned to two groups: Control (n=6) and Yeast (n=6). Animals received yeast strain for three weeks. After 22 days the small intestine was recovered for determination of goblet cells and s-IgA. For the ex vivo assay, jejunal explants were obtained from 5 weeks old crossbred piglets and treated as follow: (1) control; (2) treated for 3 h with 10 μM DON used as an inflammatory stressor; (3) incubated with 107 cfu/ml yeast strain; (4) pre-incubated 1 h with 107 cfu/ml yeast strain and then treated for 3 h with 10 μM DON. CCL20, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and IL-22 gene expression was determined by qPCR. Oral administration of S. cerevisiae RC016 increased s-IgA, the number of goblet cells in small intestine and all the growth parameters measured. In the ex vivo model, the cytokine profile studied showed a potential anti-inflammatory effect of the administration of the yeast. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae RC016 is a promising candidate for feed additives formulation to improve animal growth and gut immune system. This yeast strain could be able to improve the gut health through counteracting the weaning-associated intestinal inflammation in piglets.

Porcine small intestine, a good ex vivo model to investigate absorption and metabolism of natural products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Houriet ◽  
YE Arnold ◽  
C Petit ◽  
YN Kalia ◽  
JL Wolfender
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model

Expression of β-defensin-4 in “an in vivo and ex vivo model” of human osteoarthritic knee meniscus

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Musumeci ◽  
Maria Luisa Carnazza ◽  
Rosalia Leonardi ◽  
Carla Loreto
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Osteoarthritic Knee ◽  
Knee Meniscus

scholarly journals Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Clara Liu Chung Ming ◽  
Kimberly Sesperez ◽  
Eitan Ben-Sefer ◽  
David Arpon ◽  
Kristine McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Disease Manifestation

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation, and is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to the variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion; however, this therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI), often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.

In vivo changes in the intestinal reflexes and the response to CCK in the inflamed small intestine of the rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. G543-G551 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Torrents ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Residual Response ◽  
Abnormal Motor

Functional motor changes and morphological alterations have been associated with intestinal inflammation. The aim of our study was to evaluate functional alterations of intestinal reflexes and of the responses to CCK in the Trichinella spiralis model of intestinal inflammation. Rats were prepared with strain gauges and electrodes in the small intestine to evaluate spontaneous motor activity, the ascending contraction of the peristaltic reflex, and the motor responses to CCK-8 infusion. Infected animals showed increased motor activity at the duodenum and jejunum but not at the ileum. Ascending contraction was increased in both duodenum and ileum. Ascending excitation after Nω-nitro-l-arginine was still increased as well as the residual response after atropine. Response to CCK-8 during intestinal inflammation was changed in the jejunum, in which it turned from the inhibition shown in healthy animals to excitation. NADPH-diaphorase staining did not show any changes between distribution and density of positive neurons in either healthy or infected animals. In conclusion, intestinal inflammation induces functional changes in the motor activity that could explain the abnormal motor responses observed in inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Liu Chung Ming ◽  
Kimberly Sesperez ◽  
Eitan Ben-Sefer ◽  
David Arpon ◽  
Kristine McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Disease Manifestation

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation that is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion, however, that therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.

scholarly journals The MEMIC: An ex vivo system to model the complexity of the tumor microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libuše Janská ◽  
Libi Anandi ◽  
Nell C. Kirchberger ◽  
Zoran S. Marinkovic ◽  
Logan T. Schachtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Ex Vivo Model

There is an urgent need for accurate, scalable, and cost-efficient experimental systems to model the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we detail how to fabricate and use the Metabolic Microenvironment Chamber (MEMIC) – a 3D-printed ex vivo model of intratumoral heterogeneity. A major driver of the cellular and molecular diversity in tumors is the accessibility to the blood stream that provides key resources such as oxygen and nutrients. While some tumor cells have direct access to these resources, many others must survive under progressively more ischemic environments as they reside further from the vasculature. The MEMIC is designed to simulate the differential access to nutrients and allows co-culturing different cell types, such as tumor and immune cells. This system is optimized for live imaging and other microscopy-based approaches, and it is a powerful tool to study tumor features such as the effect of nutrient scarcity on tumor-stroma interactions. Due to its adaptable design and full experimental control, the MEMIC provide insights into the tumor microenvironment that would be difficult to obtain via other methods. As a proof of principle, we show that cells sense gradual changes in metabolite concentration resulting in multicellular spatial patterns of signal activation and cell proliferation. To illustrate the ease of studying cell-cell interactions in the MEMIC, we show that ischemic macrophages reduce epithelial features in neighboring tumor cells. We propose the MEMIC as a complement to standard in vitro and in vivo experiments, diversifying the tools available to accurately model, perturb, and monitor the tumor microenvironment, as well as to understand how extracellular metabolites affect other processes such as wound healing and stem cell differentiation.

Comparison of the Small Intestine of 0-day-old Neonatal Piglets vs. 21-day-old Weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Yuxin Jin ◽  
Abid Ullah Shah ◽  
En Zhang ◽  
penghao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Abstract Background: Neonatal piglets are susceptible to intestinal infections . Gut is the body’s major immune structure and the intestinal mucosa, which is composed of intestinal epithelial cells (IELs) and subepithelial natural immune cells, is considered as the primary site for eliciting local immune responses to foreign antigens. This study compared the intestinal immune cells of neonatal and weaned piglets to provide a theoretical and mechanistic basis for preventing intestinal infectious diseases. Results: Histological analyses of weaned piglet intestines showed increased crypt depth, high IEL count, and increased areas of ileal Peyer’s patches. Additionally, the duodenal and ileal villi of weaned piglets were longer than those of neonatal piglets. Expression of claudin-3 protein in weaned piglets was remarkably high as compared with neonatal piglets. The number of CD3 + T cells, goblet cells, and secretory cells was high in the small intestines of weaned piglets in vivo. Contrarily, secretory IgA-positive cell numbers in the jejunum remained unchanged between neonatal and weaned piglets. Gene expression of 12 pattern recognition receptor (PRR) (TLR1–10, MDA5, and RIG-I) was examined in neonatal and weaned piglet small intestine (duodenum, jejunum , and ileum). The pattern of mRNA expression level of most PRR genes in the duodenum and jejunum was inverse of that in the ileum. Compared with weaned piglets, there were significantly fewer intestinal lymphocytes at birth in neonatal pigs. Conclusions: The physical, biochemical, and immune-related components of neonatal and weaned piglet small intestines were investigated to provide preliminary data on the pathogenetic mechanism for future studies.

Alterations of nitric oxide synthase expression and activity during rat lung transplantation

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. L1071-L1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyao Liu ◽  
Lorraine Tremblay ◽  
Stephen D. Cassivi ◽  
Xiao-Hui Bai ◽  
Eric Mourgeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Lung Transplants ◽  
Inducible Nos

Decreased nitric oxide (NO) production has been reported during lung transplantation in patients. To study the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on endogenous NO synthase (NOS) expression, both an ex vivo and an in vivo lung injury model for transplantation were used. Donor rat lungs were flushed with cold low-potassium dextran solution and subjected to either cold (4°C for 12 h) or warm (21°C for 4 h) ischemic preservation followed by reperfusion with an ex vivo model. A significant increase in inducible NOS and a decrease in endothelial NOS mRNA was found after reperfusion. These results were confirmed in a rat single-lung transplant model after warm preservation. Interestingly, protein contents of both inducible NOS and endothelial NOS increased in the transplanted lung after 2 h of reperfusion. However, the total activity of NOS in the transplanted lungs remained at very low levels. We conclude that ischemic lung preservation and reperfusion result in altered NOS gene and protein expression with inhibited NOS activity, which may contribute to the injury of lung transplants.

Measurement of bone surface strains on the sheep metacarpus in vivo and ex vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Steck ◽  
C. Gatzka ◽  
E. Schneider ◽  
P. Niederer ◽  
M. L. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Flow ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Bending Load ◽  
Walking Speeds

SummaryBone surface strains were measured on the dorsal ovine metacarpus during normal locomotion on a treadmill at different walking speeds to determine physiological strain levels. These measured strains were related to the strains measured in an ex vivo model of the sheep forelimb with two types of load application: loading by two Schanz-screws and loading via the radius. In vivo, the average surface strains were found to be dependent upon body weight as well as the walking speed. The orientation of the peak principal strain corresponded to the longitudinal axis of the bone. Ex vivo, loads applied via Schanz screws in the screw-loading model lead to strains on the dorsal metacarpus that corresponds to strains experienced in vivo during intermittent peak loads. Screw loading imparted primarily a bending load to the metacarpus, with the dorsal aspect in compression and the palmar aspect in tension. Loads, applied via the radius and the hoof in the radius-loading model, resulted in bone surface strains comparable to those measured during slow walking in vivo. In both ex vivo loading situations, peak strain orientation was parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sheep metacarpus. In conclusion, the results show that although the ex vivo loading models do not exactly replicate the load experienced in vivo, the magnitude and orientation of the principal strains on the dorsal metacarpus are within the range of strains occurring during normal physiological loading. These data validate the physiological significance of the ex vivo model and aid in understanding effects of mechanical loading on interstitial fluid flow and mass transport through bone.

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