Genomic diversity and immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from dairy products

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zago ◽  
E. Scaltriti ◽  
B. Bonvini ◽  
M.E. Fornasari ◽  
G. Penna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Riboflavin Production ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Culture Supernatants

In this study, we aimed to investigate some functional characteristics and the immunomodulatory properties of three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum of dairy origin which, in a previous screening, showed to be candidate probiotics. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics, which confirmed the presence of genes involved in folate and riboflavin production and in the immune response of dendritic cells (DCs), prompted us to investigate the ability of the three strains to accumulate the two vitamins and their immunomodulation properties. The ability of the three strains to release antioxidant components in milk was also investigated. Small amounts of folate and riboflavin were produced by the three strains, while they showed a good antioxidant capacity in milk with FRAP method. The immune response experiments well correlated with the presence of candidate genes influencing in DCs cytokine response to L. plantarum. Specifically, the amounts of secreted cytokins by DCs after stimulation with cells of Lp790, Lp813 and Lp998 resulted pro-inflammatory whereas stimulation with culture supernatants (postbiotics) inhibited the release of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and increased the release of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. This study adds further evidence on the importance of L. plantarum in human health. Understanding how probiotics (or postbiotics) work in preclinical models can allow a rational choice of the different strains for clinical and/or commercial use.

scholarly journals Development, Characterization, and Immunomodulatory Evaluation of Carvacrol-loaded Nanoemulsion

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3899
Author(s):  
Amanda Gabrielle Barros Dantas ◽  
Rafael Limongi de de Souza ◽  
Anderson Rodrigues de de Almeida ◽  
Francisco Humberto Xavier Xavier Júnior ◽  
Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Pbmc Culture ◽  
Phase Medium ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Immunomodulatory Action ◽  
Culture Supernatants

Carvacrol (CV) is an essential oil with numerous therapeutic properties, including immunomodulatory activity. However, this effect has not been studied in nanoemulsion systems. The objective of this study was to develop an innovative carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion (CVNE) for immunomodulatory action. The developed CVNE comprised of 5% w/w oily phase (medium chain triglycerides + CV), 2% w/w surfactants (Tween 80®/Span 80®), and 93% w/w water, and was produced by ultrasonication. Dynamic light scattering over 90 days was used to characterize CVNE. Cytotoxic activity and quantification of cytokines were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants. CVNE achieved a drug loading of 4.29 mg/mL, droplet size of 165.70 ± 0.46 nm, polydispersity index of 0.14 ± 0.03, zeta potential of −10.25 ± 0.52 mV, and good stability for 90 days. CVNE showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 200 µM in PBMCs. CV diminished the production of IL-2 in the PBMC supernatant. However, CVNE reduced the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-γ at 50 µM. In conclusion, a stable CVNE was produced, which improved the CV immunomodulatory activity in PBMCs.

A Report on COVID-19 Variants, COVID-19 Vaccines and the Impact of the Variants on the Efficacy of the Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Halim
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Impact

The Coronavirus pandemic has caused negative effects across the globe; mortality and morbidity being the main impact. After WHO, termed the disease a pandemic in March 2020, they gave in health guidelines to follow to control the spread of the disease. The health industry, academia, and different governments are united to develop and test various vaccines at an unprecedented speed to combat the pandemic fully and bring the world back to its feet. Some of the vaccines developed include Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca. However, just like other viruses, the SAR-CoV-2 virus keeps changing through mutation, as various variants, different from the first one are emerging. Evidence shows that the three new variants; UK, Brazil, and South Africa are more severe in terms of transmissibility, disease severity, evading of the immune response, and reducing the ability to neutralized antibodies, compared to the original coronavirus. With such knowledge of the existence of different strains, the arises concerns on whether the already available vaccines are effective enough in preventing the new COVID-19 strains. Studies are still underdeveloped to learn more on the virologic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of the ever-emerging variants. This research, through a systemic review of literature, seeks to find out whether the variants of SAR-CoV-2 have an impact on the efficacy of various vaccines developed in fighting the disease and the entire body’s immune response.

scholarly journals Mining the Microbiota of the Neonatal Gastrointestinal Tract for Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Bifidobacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4635-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rosberg-Cody ◽  
R. P. Ross ◽  
S. Hussey ◽  
C. A. Ryan ◽  
B. P. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT This study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus Bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer from free linoleic acid. Fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (Erinville Hospital, Cork, Ireland). A total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be Bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase assay, RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Interestingly, only 1 of the 11 neonates that had received antibiotic treatment produced bifidobacteria. PFGE after genomic digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI demonstrated that the bifidobacteria population displayed considerable genomic diversity among the neonates, with each containing between one and five dominant strains, whereas 11 different macro restriction patterns were obtained. In only one case did a single strain appear in two neonates. All genetically distinct strains were then screened for CLA production after 72 h of incubation with 0.5 mg of free linoleic acid ml−1 by using gas-liquid chromatography. The most efficient producers belonged to the species Bifidobacterium breve, of which two different strains converted 29 and 27% of the free linoleic acid to the cis-9, trans-11 isomer per microgram of dry cells, respectively. In addition, a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum showed a conversion rate of 18%/μg dry cells. The ability of some Bifidobacterium strains to produce CLA could be another human health-promoting property linked to members of the genus, given that this metabolite has demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.

Optimization of dextran production from Leuconostoc strains isolated from different dairy products from Ouargla region Algeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-699
Author(s):  
M'hamed Bouricha ◽  
Roukia Hammoudi ◽  
Soumia Djelloul Daouadji ◽  
Samia Bissati Bouafia ◽  
Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Better Than

Leuconostoc (Ln) sp. belongs to a group of lactic acid bacteria, which has the capacity to produce dextran (an exopolysaccharides) in the presence of su-crose. dextran is industrially important, it was the first microbial exopolysac-charide affirmed for commercial use. This study aimed to optimize the pro-duction of the synthesized dextran by Ln strains species isolated from differ-ent dairy products. Morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics were employed to identify 23 isolated strains. We have identi-fied the species: Ln. gelidum, Ln. carnosum, Ln. citreum, Ln. fallax, Ln. mesen-teroides subsp mesenteroides, Ln. mesenteroides subsp dextranicum, Ln. mesenteroides subsp cremoris. 20 strains had the capacity to produce dex-tran from sucrose. The precipitation and quantification of EPS on MRSs (Mark rogosa et sharpe sucrose) medium revealed a difference between the strains, by the total sugars assay method, the amount of EPS varied between 0.63 ± 0.19 and 2.41 ± 0.17 g / L of strains LnF70 and LnC1 (isolated from goat's milk), respectively. The dextran production from MRSs medium was better than from liquid MSE. The optimization of production on MRSs medi-um with different concentration of glucose, yeast extract and sucrose showed that the strains had good production with a concentration of 2% glucose, 0.3% yeast extract and 10% sucrose.

Differential Immune Response of Lactobacillus plantarum 286 Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection in Conventional and Germ-Free Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tizá Teles Santos ◽  
Roberta Maria Dos Santos Ornellas ◽  
Leonardo Borges Acurcio ◽  
Sávio Henrique Cicco Sandes ◽  
Andréa Miura da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Germ Free

Lactobacillus plantarum culture supernatants improve intestinal tissue exposed to deoxynivalenol

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Maidana ◽  
J. Gerez ◽  
F. Pinho ◽  
S. Garcia ◽  
A.P.F.L. Bracarense
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Culture Supernatants

scholarly journals Inhibitor Formation in Congenital Hemophilia A: an Immunological Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Delignat ◽  
Julie Rayes ◽  
Jules Russick ◽  
Srinivas Kaveri ◽  
Sebastien Lacroix-Desmazes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Inhibitory Antibodies ◽  
Challenging Question ◽  
Specific Tolerance

AbstractThe immunogenicity of therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with hemophilia A has been puzzling scientific and clinical communities for more than 3 decades. Indeed, the development of inhibitory antibodies to FVIII remains a major clinical challenge and is associated with enormous societal costs. Thus, the reasons for which a presumably innocuous, short-lived, intravenously administered glycoprotein triggers such a deleterious, long-lasting neutralizing immune response is an enigma. This review does not pretend to bring an answer to this challenging question. It will however summarize the latest findings regarding the molecular interactions at play in the recognition of FVIII by the immune cells, the validity of the proposed risk factors for FVIII alloimmunization, and the different solutions that allow induction of FVIII-specific tolerance in preclinical models of hemophilia A.

scholarly journals The rationale for a multi-step therapeutic approach based on antivirals, drugs and nutrients with immunomodulatory activity in patients with coronavirus-SARS2-induced disease of different severities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirio Fiorino ◽  
Maddalena Zippi ◽  
Claudio Gallo ◽  
Debora Sifo ◽  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Genome Homology ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

Abstract In December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised to cause a pneumonia epidemic outbreak with different degrees of severity in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. Since then, this epidemic has spread worldwide; in Europe, Italy has been involved. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are absolutely required to block this serious public health concern. Unfortunately, few studies about SARS-CoV-2 concerning its immunopathogenesis and treatment are available. On the basis of the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is genetically related to SARS-CoV (about 82 % of genome homology) and that its characteristics, like the modality of transmission or the type of the immune response it may stimulate, are still poorly known, a literature search was performed to identify the reports assessing these elements in patients with SARS-CoV-induced infection. Therefore, we have analysed: (1) the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV; (2) the clinical signs and symptoms and pathogenic mechanisms observed during the development of acute respiratory syndrome and the cytokine release syndrome; (3) the modification of the cell microRNome and of the immune response in patients with SARS infection; and (4) the possible role of some fat-soluble compounds (such as vitamins A, D and E) in modulating directly or indirectly the replication ability of SARS-CoV-2 and host immune response.

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