scholarly journals Streptococcus thermophilus NCIMB 41856 ameliorates signs of colitis in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Bailey ◽  
V. Vince ◽  
N.A. Williams ◽  
T.A. Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Bacterial Translocation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Bodyweight Loss ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly based on suppression of symptoms, often with numerous side effects. Trials of probiotics in IBD have frequently produced disappointing results. The majority of probiotics are unusual, since they do not require iron for growth, unlike many bacteria resident in the intestine. The IBD intestine is iron-rich due to bleeding and use of oral iron supplements; conventional probiotics would be rapidly outcompeted. We have evaluated an iron-responsive Streptococcus thermophilus strain for its potential to reduce signs of colitis. Efficacy of S. thermophilus was evaluated in the dextran sodium sulphate mouse model of colitis. Treated animals were given 1×108 cfu S. thermophilus per day and clinical observations were taken daily. At termination, gross and histopathological signs of disease, cellular infiltration, location of bacteria, and cytokine expression in the intestine were determined. S. thermophilus delayed onset of colitis and reduced clinical signs of disease, including bodyweight loss and gastrointestinal bleeding. It reduced bacterial translocation into the colonic tissue. Increased numbers of CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were seen in control animals treated with S. thermophilus. S. thermophilus had no effect on gross pathology, histopathology or cytokine production in either colitic or control animals. We propose that S. thermophilus promotes maintenance of mucosal barrier function which reduces bacterial translocation, thereby reducing immune stimulation and associated inflammation. This allows mucosal healing, reducing gastrointestinal bleeding and weight loss. This could be studied as a locally-acting adjunct or alternative to current IBD treatments.

scholarly journals An objective in vivo diagnostic method for inflammatory bowel disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Payne ◽  
Robert K. Shepherd ◽  
Alicia Sedo ◽  
James B. Fallon ◽  
John B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory damage to the bowel, as occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is debilitating to patients. In both patients and animal experimental models, histological analyses of biopsies and endoscopic examinations are used to evaluate the disease state. However, such measurements often have delays and are invasive, while endoscopy is not quantitatively objective. Therefore, a real-time quantitative method to assess compromised mucosal barrier function is advantageous. We investigated the correlation of in vivo changes in electrical transmural impedance with histological measures of inflammation. Four platinum (Pt) ball electrodes were placed in the lumen of the rat small intestine, with a return electrode under the skin. Electrodes placed within the non-inflamed intestine generated stable impedances during the 3 h testing period. Following an intraluminal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), an established animal model of IBD, impedances in the inflamed region significantly decreased relative to a region not exposed to TNBS ( p  < 0.05). Changes in intestinal transmural impedance were correlated ( p  < 0.05) with histologically assessed damage to the mucosa and increases in neutrophil, eosinophil and T-cell populations at 3 h compared with tissue from control regions. This quantitative, real-time assay may have application in the diagnosis and clinical management of IBD.

Rectal Bleeding in Prader-Willi Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
SANGEETA A. BHARGAVA ◽  
PHILIP E. PUTNAM ◽  
SAMUEL A. KOCOSHIS ◽  
MARC ROWE ◽  
JEANNE M. HANCHETT
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Anorectal Disease ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome manifest severe skin picking behavior. We report three patients with this syndrome in whom an extension of this behavior to rectal picking resulted in significant lower gastrointestinal bleeding and anorectal disease. The recognition of this behavior is important to avoid misdiagnosing inflammatory bowel disease in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Objective Signs and Subjective Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Barta ◽  
Levente Czompa ◽  
Aniko Rentka ◽  
Eva Zold ◽  
Judit Remenyik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Aim. To evaluate tear film parameters and relationship of objective clinical signs and subjective symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subgroups. Methods. 39 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 26 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 39 control persons with no ocular symptoms or surface disorders were included in this prospective, case-control, and cross-sectional study. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was applied to evaluate dry eye symptoms, and objective tests of DED were performed on both eyes of each subject. Results. The average of OSDI scores was 30.59 (±16.68) in CD patients, 24.67 (±23.48) in UC patients, and 11.19 (±5.8) in controls. Except for tear film breakup time (tBUT) and Schirmer-I values other objective parameters were better in UC patients, than in CD patients. CD patients rather than UC patients tend to develop DED. This was associated with immunosuppressant and TNF-α inhibitor use. Conclusions. Clinicians must be aware of the spectrum of DED involvement in IBD and suggest using artificial tears in order to decrease severity of ocular complications.

Perplexing Gastrointestinal Pathology: A Case Report on Ectopic Gastric Tissue Presenting as Rectal Mass

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S70-S70
Author(s):  
Suhalika Sahni ◽  
Vikas Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Antral Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Gastric Heterotopia ◽  
Rectal Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Objectives Gastric heterotopia (GHT) is a commonly reported epithelial heterotopia and has been described as heteroplasia (congenital) during organogenesis or metaplasia (acquired) during process of damaged epithelial repair. GHT can occur along the GI tract from nose to anus; it is predominantly seen in esophagus, duodenum, and Meckel’s diverticulum. It is the most common subtype of epithelial heterotopia. However, the presence of gastric mucosa in the rectum is a very uncommon entity. The endoscopic prevalence of GHT can reach up to 11% in foregut and midgut with a lesser prevalence in hindgut. Methods We present an interesting case of heterotopic gastric mucosa presenting as a rectal mass. A 27-year-old female patient presented with lower abdominal pain and episodic bloody diarrhea. After initial workup, a colonoscopy was done, which showed a 3-cm mass in the rectum. Features of inflammatory bowel disease were not identified. Results At the first rectal biopsy, multiple fragments of gastric mucosa, with some minimally attached rectal crypts, were identified and a diagnosis of gastric heterotopia was made. Subsequently, the mass was resected and similar findings were identified, confirming the diagnosis. Our case showed mixed oxyntic and antral mucosa comingling with rectal-type mucosa. Immunohistochemical studies were performed, which showed CDX2 and CK20 being positive in rectal and CK7 in gastric mucosa. Conclusion Gastric heterotopia is a rare entity that can present as a solitary lesion. The clinical signs and symptoms can mimic those of inflammatory bowel disease. Floater or contamination is an important pitfall in this entity and can lead to an erroneously diagnose. Due to high frequency of having floater in some histology laboratories, we recommend ordering multiple deeper recuts on cases when the pathologist sees closeness or attachment of gastric tissue to the rectal tissue.

Oral delivery of recombinant human interleukin-11 decreases clinical signs and histologic lesions in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A701 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Carl Keith ◽  
Leo Albert ◽  
Erik Marchese ◽  
Leo C-M Tseng ◽  
Kyle McCarthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Interleukin 11

scholarly journals Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Michielan ◽  
Renata D’Incà
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Sugar Absorption ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial with data suggesting the role of a disturbed interaction between the gut and the intestinal microbiota. A defective mucosal barrier may result in increased intestinal permeability which promotes the exposition to luminal content and triggers an immunological response that promotes intestinal inflammation. IBD patients display several defects in the many specialized components of mucosal barrier, from the mucus layer composition to the adhesion molecules that regulate paracellular permeability. These alterations may represent a primary dysfunction in Crohn’s disease, but they may also perpetuate chronic mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis. In clinical practice, several studies have documented that changes in intestinal permeability can predict IBD course. Functional tests, such as the sugar absorption tests or the novel imaging technique using confocal laser endomicroscopy, allow anin vivoassessment of gut barrier integrity. Antitumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) therapy reduces mucosal inflammation and restores intestinal permeability in IBD patients. Butyrate, zinc, and some probiotics also ameliorate mucosal barrier dysfunction but their use is still limited and further studies are needed before considering permeability manipulation as a therapeutic target in IBD.

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