Foreword: All things considered about probiotics, prebiotics and ıntestinal microbiota in children – from bench to bedside

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Metehan Ozen ◽  
Ener Cagri Dinleyici
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Opinion Leaders ◽  
State Of Art

There are numerorus published and ongoing experimental/clinical studies about probiotics and prebiotics, intestinal microbiota and nutrition. Three years ago, at the first International Symposium of Probiotics Prebiotics in Paediatrics in Istanbul (2012) we highlighted the ‘paediatric perspective’ on these issues and brought together more than 40 global key opinion leaders and 400 attendants to have a chance to extensively discuss the past, present and the future. In 2014, the second state of art congress, held in Antalya, aimed to discuss the gut microbiota and microbiotics and their impact through lifespan. Selected papers of this conference are presented in this special issue ‘prebiotics and probiotics in paediatrics’ of Beneficial Microbes. A summary of the conference results is provided below.

scholarly journals Meta-prebiotics: a new way to control the intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Irina А. Кrylova ◽  
Vitalii I. Kupaev ◽  
Аrtem V. Lyamin ◽  
Danir D. Ismatullin
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suboptimal Health Status ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Suboptimal Health

Objectives to analyze the quality and quantity of the intestinal microflora of relatively healthy people and/or of those who did not visit a doctor in the last 3 months, before and 1 month after taking a meta-prebiotic complex containing dietary fiber (inulin) and oligosaccharides (oligofructose). Material and methods. We examined the individuals who considered themselves healthy and/or did not consult a doctor during the past 3 months. To detect the presence of dyspeptic complaints, the clinical data were collected. 114 people with different suboptimal status and non-specific dyspeptic complaints were chosen for the study and underwent the clinical examination for the degree of gut microbiota imbalance before taking the meta-prebiotic complex. 78 people followed the course of the meta-prebiotic and were examined after 1 month after the start. Results. We have obtained new data on intestinal biocenosis at various suboptimal status in relatively healthy people: the total number of bacteria is insufficient. When using a meta-prebiotic complex containing inulin and oligofructose, the composition of the intestinal microflora was improved due to the decreased cases of detection of opportunistic enterobacteria and other gram-negative microorganisms. Conclusion. The significance of studying the intestinal microbiotic complex in patients with the increased suboptimal health status is proved, and the earlier active screening of this category of patients is recommended.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds in the Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications in Human Physiology and Pathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Spisni ◽  
Silvia Turroni ◽  
Sheri Shahaj ◽  
Renato Spigarelli ◽  
Dario Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Future

Clinical interest in the human gut microbiota has increased considerably, because of the increasing number of studies linking the human intestinal microbiota and microbiome to an ever increasing number of non-communicable diseases. Many attempts at modulating the gut microbiota have been made using probiotics and prebiotics. However, there are other avenues that are still little explored from a clinical point of view that appear promising to obtain modifications of the microbial ecology and biological activities connected to the microbiome. This chapter summarizes all in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies demonstrating the possibility to positively modulate the intestinal microbiota by using probiotics, foods (and prebiotics), essential oils, fungus and officinal plants. For the future, clinical studies investigating the ability to modify the intestinal microbiota especially by using foods, officinal and aromatic plants or their extracts are required. More knowledge in this field is likely to be of clinical benefit since modulation of the microbiome might support the therapy of most non-communicable diseases in the future.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

Five Years and Count(er)ing: Memoir after Memoir

CounterText ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Norbert Bugeja
Keyword(s):  
Guest Editor ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Terror Attack ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Ongoing Project

In this retrospective piece, the Guest Editor of the first number of CounterText (a special issue titled Postcolonial Springs) looks back at the past five years from various scholarly and personal perspectives. He places particular focus on an event that took place mid-way between the 2011 uprisings across a number of Arab countries and the moment of writing: the March 2015 terror attack on the Bardo National Museum in Tunis, which killed twenty-two people and had a profound effect on Tunisian popular consciousness and that of the post-2011 Arab nations. In this context, the author argues for a renewed perspective on memoir as at once a memorial practice and a political gesture in writing, one that exceeds concerns of genre and form to encompass an ongoing project of political re-cognition following events that continue to remap the agenda for the region. The piece makes a brief final pitch for Europe's need to re-cognise, within those modes of ‘articulacy-in-difficulty’ active on its southern borders, specific answers to its own present quandaries.

Reframing the Sciences of the Long Eighteenth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Giuliano Pancaldi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Past Half

Here I survey a sample of the essays and reviews on the sciences of the long eighteenth century published in this journal since it was founded in 1969. The connecting thread is some historiographic reflections on the role that disciplines—in both the sciences we study and the fields we practice—have played in the development of the history of science over the past half century. I argue that, as far as disciplines are concerned, we now find ourselves a bit closer to a situation described in our studies of the long eighteenth century than we were fifty years ago. This should both favor our understanding of that period and, hopefully, make the historical studies that explore it more relevant to present-day developments and science policy. This essay is part of a special issue entitled “Looking Backward, Looking Forward: HSNS at 50,” edited by Erika Lorraine Milam.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
Jiezhong Chen ◽  
Luis Vitetta
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The gut microbiota is well known to exert multiple benefits on human health including protection from disease causing pathobiont microbes. It has been recognized that healthy intestinal microbiota is of great importance in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Gut dysbiosis caused by various reasons is associated with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota and supplementation of commensal bacterial metabolites could reduce the severity of COVID-19. Many approaches have been studied to improve gut microbiota in COVID-19 including probiotics, bacterial metabolites, and prebiotics, as well as nutraceuticals and trace elements. So far, 19 clinical trials for testing the efficacy of probiotics and synbiotics in COVID-19 prevention and treatment are ongoing. In this narrative review, we summarize the effects of various approaches on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and discuss associated mechanisms.

Effective splicing localization based on noise level inconsistencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P. N. R. L. Chandra Sekhar Author ◽  
T. N. Shankar Author
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Multimedia Forensics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Photo Editing ◽  
State Of Art

In the era of digital technology, it becomes easy to share photographs and videos using smartphones and social networking sites to their loved ones. On the other hand, many photo editing tools evolved to make it effortless to alter multimedia content. It makes people accustomed to modifying their photographs or videos either for fun or extracting attention from others. This altering brings a questionable validity and integrity to the kind of multimedia content shared over the internet when used as evidence in Journalism and Court of Law. In multimedia forensics, intense research work is underway over the past two decades to bring trustworthiness to the multimedia content. This paper proposes an efficient way of identifying the manipulated region based on Noise Level inconsistencies of spliced mage. The spliced image segmented into irregular objects and extracts the noise features in both pixel and residual domains. The manipulated region is then exposed based on the cosine similarity of noise levels among pairs of individual objects. The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method over other state-of-art methods.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota composition and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity: case–control study protocol (MIVAS study)

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e038933
Author(s):  
Rita Salvado ◽  
Sandra Santos-Minguez ◽  
Cristina Agudo-Conde ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
Angela Cabo-Laso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Control Study

IntroductionIntestinal microbiota is arising as a new element in the physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy microbiota includes a balanced representation of bacteria with health promotion functions (symbiotes). The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and arterial stiffness.Methods and analysisAn observational case—control study will be developed. Cases will be defined by the presence of at least one of the following: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba or ba-PWV) above the 90th percentile, for age and sex, of the reference population. Controls will be selected from the same population as cases. The study will be developed in Primary Healthcare Centres. We will select 500 subjects (250 cases and 250 controls), between 45 and 74 years of age. Cases will be selected from a database that combines data from EVA study (Spain) and Guimarães/Vizela study (Portugal). Measurements: cf-PWV will be measured using the SphygmoCor system, CAVI, ba-PWV and Ankle-Brachial Index will be determined using VaSera device. Gut microbiome composition in faecal samples will be determined by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Lifestyle will be assessed by food frequency questionnaire, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Body composition will be evaluated by bioimpedance.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by ‘Committee of ethics of research with medicines of the health area of Salamanca’ on 14 December 2018 (cod. 2018-11-136) and the ’Ethics committee for health of Guimaraes’ (Portugal) on 15 October 2019 (ref: 67/2019). All study participants will sign an informed consent form agreeing to participate in the study, in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. The results of this study will allow a better description of gut microbiota in patients with arterial stiffness.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03900338

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue on New Longitudinal Data for Retirement Analysis and Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marco Angrisani ◽  
Anya Samek ◽  
Arie Kapteyn
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Survey Questionnaires ◽  
Internet Panels

The number of data sources available for academic research on retirement economics and policy has increased rapidly in the past two decades. Data quality and comparability across studies have also improved considerably, with survey questionnaires progressively converging towards common ways of eliciting the same measurable concepts. Probability-based Internet panels have become a more accepted and recognized tool to obtain research data, allowing for fast, flexible, and cost-effective data collection compared to more traditional modes such as in-person and phone interviews. In an era of big data, academic research has also increasingly been able to access administrative records (e.g., Kostøl and Mogstad, 2014; Cesarini et al., 2016), private-sector financial records (e.g., Gelman et al., 2014), and administrative data married with surveys (Ameriks et al., 2020), to answer questions that could not be successfully tackled otherwise.

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