scholarly journals The liberalisation of transport infrastructure and Spanish investment in the international market�: Latin American airports and the case of AENA

2015 ◽  
Vol N�3 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Javier Vidal Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
International Market ◽  
Transport Infrastructure

scholarly journals International Sales and Distribution Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Jeannet ◽  
Thierry Volery ◽  
Heiko Bergmann ◽  
Cornelia Amstutz
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agent Networks ◽  
Industry Conditions ◽  
International Sales ◽  
Formal Distribution

AbstractThis chapter covers the history of the international market development of the researched firms and in addition how these companies established agent networks, built sales subsidiaries worldwide, or enlisted partnerships, and how they reacted to constantly changing market developments requiring adjustments in their distribution networks. The early founders of Swiss SMEs engaged in extensive travel to promote their companies at a time when the transport infrastructure was still rudimentary. Distributors and agent networks were built and still maintained by smaller companies, at times expanded to include formal distribution partnerships. Subsidiary networks were the preferred choice of larger companies which had greater volumes per country markets. Sometimes, market entry was achieved by building or acquiring manufacturing operations. Cracking some of the most difficult markets, such as Japan, posed special challenges. And finally, when industry conditions changed, even well-planned distribution strategies needed to be changed.

scholarly journals Does FDI promote Economic Growth and Development? Evidence from Latin America and Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-52
Author(s):  
Mohammed Seid Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

This paper is an attempt to analyse and empirically estimate the impact of FDI on economic growth and human development of Africa and Latin American countries for the period 1985–2011. To this end we develop two equations: growth and human development. Our findings, based on fixed effect panel regression, thus, suggest that FDI does not have a positive impact on economic growth but it has significant positive impact on human development. We conclude that for FDI to be a noteworthy provider to economic growth, it is important to increase absorption capacity by improving the level of democracy, increasing and improving transport infrastructure and following appropriate economic policies. Our results are found to be robust across approach, model specifications and statistical test.

Key factors in tourism management to improve competitiveness in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Guaita Martínez ◽  
Paula Serdeira Azevedo ◽  
José María Martín Martín ◽  
Rosa María Puertas Medina
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Synthetic Indicator ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Latin American Countries

PurposeThis paper analyzes tourism competitiveness in Latin America, providing a country-level ranking of tourism competitiveness. The study also identifies which areas of management to focus on in order to increase competitiveness in each case.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the variables used by the World Economic Forum (WEF) to measure tourism competitiveness. The DP2 distance method is used to create a synthetic indicator. This method helps identify which areas best explain differences in competitiveness between countries.FindingsIn tourism, the most competitive Latin American countries are Costa Rica, Chile, Panama, Mexico and Uruguay. The areas that best explain the differences between countries relate to cultural and natural resources, the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), international openness and transport infrastructure. These are therefore priority areas for tourism managers.Practical implicationsThis paper provides detailed analysis for each country. The situation in each country is presented in terms of the key areas highlighted by the analysis. This approach can aid the individual decisions of companies and public managers, thus enhancing tourism competitiveness. This greater competitiveness can strengthen the tourism sector, which is crucial in uncertain times.Originality/valueBased on a synthetic indicator, this research offers the first country-level analysis of tourism competitiveness in Latin America. The study is also novel in its ability to detect the areas where action should be taken to improve tourism competitiveness. This analysis offers an alternative to the WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which has certain weaknesses. The results can help enhance tourism competitiveness in Latin American countries through the specific recommendations presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Cross-Hedging Portfolios in Emerging Stock Markets: Evidence for the LATIBEX Index

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 2736
Author(s):  
Pablo Urtubia ◽  
Alfonso Novales ◽  
Andrés Mora-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
International Market ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Futures Contracts ◽  
Garch Models ◽  
Conditional Moments ◽  
Emerging Stock Markets ◽  
Asymmetric Garch ◽  
Cross Hedging

We consider alternative possibilities for hedging spot positions on the FTSE LATIBEX Index, the index of the only international market exclusively for Latin American firms that is denominated by the euro. Since there is not a futures market on the index, it is unclear whether a relatively successful hedge can be found. We explore the plausibility of employing futures on four stock market indices: EUROSTOXX 50, S&P500, BOVESPA, and IPC, and simulate the results that could be obtained by a hedge position based on either unconditional or conditional second order moments estimated from different asymmetric GARCH models. Several criteria for hedging effectiveness suggest that futures contracts on BOVESPA should be preferred, and that a salient reduction in risk can be achieved over the unhedged LATIBEX portfolio. The evidence in favor of a better performance of conditional moments is very clear, without significant differences among the alternative GARCH specifications.

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