Nicolas Sarkozy, tel qu'en nous-mêmes

Philippe Meyer

doi:10.3917/comm.135.0631

Hybridization of French soft power in Africa under Nicolas Sarkozy and François Hollande

Восток Афро-Азиатские общества история и современность ◽

10.31857/s086919080005962-5 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Asiya Khalitova

Keyword(s):

Soft Power ◽

Nicolas Sarkozy

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Præsident Sarkozy – et håb der blev til skuffelse

Udenrigs ◽

10.7146/udenrigs.v0i1.119395 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

Connie Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Nicolas Sarkozy

Nicolas Sarkozy blev valgt til Frankrigs præsident i 2007 med et af de højeste stemmetal i moderne fransk historie. I dag er han en af de mest upopu- lære af de franske præsidenter. Hvad er gået galt?

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NICOLAS SARKOZY AND THE “ARAB SPRING”.CRISIS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF NEOGAULLISM

Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and political science) ◽

10.18384/2310-676x-2018-5-122-130 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 122-130

Author(s):

Alexandra I. Afonshina

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Arab Spring ◽

The Arab Spring ◽

Nicolas Sarkozy

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Presidents in Charge

NATO in Afghanistan ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691159386.003.0004 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

David P. Auerswald ◽

Stephen M. Saideman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

The United States ◽

Leadership Selection ◽

Presidential Transition ◽

French Case ◽

Primary Means ◽

Agent Selection ◽

Presidential Systems ◽

Nicolas Sarkozy

This chapter focuses primarily on two presidential systems, those of the United States and France. In each country, an individual is empowered to make significant military decisions or delegate those decisions to subordinates. There are two particular elements that distinguish how the Americans ran their war compared to many of the other countries: agent selection and incentives. Because the United States led an ad hoc effort (Operation Enduring Freedom) and only later became the leader of the NATO effort, the primary means of control was leadership selection and termination. The chapter then turns to the French case, where there is a significant change in behavior on the ground that followed the presidential transition from Jacques Chirac to Nicolas Sarkozy. Chirac placed significant restrictions on where the French were deployed and with what capabilities. Sarkozy lifted those restrictions but still answered the phone when questions arose in the field. The chapter also briefly addresses the case of Poland.

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