Fertility decline in the United States, 1850-1930: New evidence from complete-count datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol n°138 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
J. David Hacker ◽  
Evan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Complete Count

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

Do National Service Programs Improve Subjective Well-Being in Communities?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristopher Velasco ◽  
Pamela Paxton ◽  
Robert W. Ressler ◽  
Inbar Weiss ◽  
Lilla Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Change Score ◽  
National Service ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Community Effects ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Open Question ◽  
New Evidence

Since the creation of Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) in 1964 and AmeriCorps in 1993, a stated goal of national service programs has been to strengthen the overall health of communities across the United States. But whether national service programs have such community effects remains an open question. Using longitudinal cross-lagged panel and change-score models from 2005 to 2013, this study explores whether communities with national service programs exhibit greater subjective well-being. We use novel measures of subjective well-being derived from tweeted expressions of emotions, engagement, and relationships in 1,347 U.S. counties. Results show that national service programs improve subjective well-being primarily by mitigating threats to well-being and communities that exhibit more engagement are better able to attract national service programs. Although limited in size, these persistent effects are robust to multiple threats to inference and provide important new evidence on how national service improves communities in the United States.

Prosecutors Post-Conviction

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Garrett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Police Misconduct ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
New Evidence

In recent years, the involvement of prosecutors in post-conviction proceedings has begun to change from a strictly adversarial to a more investigative and remedial posture. Particularly in the United States, prosecutors’ offices have taken the affirmative responsibility to conduct post-conviction investigations of closed cases. A growing number of exonerations occur because prosecutors themselves agree to review new evidence of innocence or locate it themselves. Prosecutors have created specialized conviction integrity units tasked with reviewing such cold cases. They have created units to conduct other types of audits and reviews to investigate systemic issues, including regarding forensic evidence and police misconduct. They have even, in some offices, conducted investigations of their own conduct. Although most offices may follow a traditional model in which work largely consists in defending final convictions, there has been a notable trend towards experimentation with reconception of the post-conviction role of prosecutors. This chapter describes each of those changes and describes their implications for post-conviction criminal procedure.

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