Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Associations to Markers of Vascular Pathology and Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Jorid Berg ◽  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Hanne Dagfinrud ◽  
Ingebjørg Seljeflot ◽  
Inge Christoffer Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective.To compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and population controls, and to examine the associations between disease activity and CVD risk.Methods.A cross-sectional study was done of patients with AS grouped according to Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) into ASDAS-high and ASDAS-low. Markers of vascular pathology, impaired endothelial function [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)], and arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and traditional CVD risk factors [blood pressure, lipids, body mass index (BMI), CVD risk scores] were compared between AS and controls as well as across ASDAS-high versus ASDAS-low versus controls using ANCOVA analyses.Results.Altogether, 151 patients with AS and 134 controls participated. Patients had elevated ADMA (µmol/l) and AIx (%) compared to controls: mean difference (95% CI): 0.05 (0.03, 0.07), p < 0.001 and 2.6 (0.8, 4.3), p = 0.01, respectively. AIx increased with higher ASDAS level, p(trend) < 0.04. There were no significant group differences of PWV. BMI was higher in ASDAS-high compared to ASDAS-low (p = 0.02). Total cholesterol was lower in AS compared to controls, and lower with higher ASDAS, p(trend) = 0.02. CVD risk scores were similar across groups except for Reynolds Risk Score, where the ASDAS-high group had a significantly higher score, compared to both ASDAS-low and controls.Conclusion.Elevated ADMA and AIx in AS support a higher CVD risk in AS. Elevated AIx and BMI in AS with high ASDAS indicate an association between disease activity and CVD risk. Lower total cholesterol in AS may contribute to underestimation of CVD risk.

scholarly journals A Combined Index of Waist Circumference and Muscle Quality is Associated with Accumulation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Ikeue ◽  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Kazuya Muranaka ◽  
Hajime Yamakage ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Aging individuals are prone to sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is associated with higher risks of low physical function, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. Worldwide diagnostic criteria for SO and its cutoff values have not yet been established. In this study, from among obesity- and sarcopenia-evaluated indices, we determined a combined index most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors in obese patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated body composition using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device and measured handgrip strength in 188 obese patients (73 men and 115 women). We selected each index most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quantity [MQ]), respectively. We then classified obese patients into four groups (group C, control; group O, obesity alone; group S, sarcopenia alone; and group SO, sarcopenic obesity) using the two selected indices with each median value and compared the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among the four groups.Results: Based on the dichotomous comparison, WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with CVD risk factor accumulation. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in groups S and SO as compared with group C (1.94 ± 0.80, 1.95 ± 0.91 vs. 1.41 ± 0.84, all p < 0.05). Odds ratios for CVD risk scores ≥2 were significantly higher in groups S, O, and SO compared with group C (4.78 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.79-12.81], p = 0.002; 3.28 [95% CI 1.37-7.88], p = 0.008; 3.92 [95% CI 1.74-8.81], p = 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in group SO compared with group C (4.29 [95% CI 1.49-12.33], p = 0.007).Conclusion: In obese patients, WC and MQ were most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors, respectively. Furthermore, classification using the combined index of WC and MQ reflects the accumulation of CVD risk factors in obese patients, regardless sex and age.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Nigerian ART-naive HIV population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e019664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeme E Ekrikpo ◽  
Effiong E Akpan ◽  
John U Ekott ◽  
Aminu K Bello ◽  
Ikechi G Okpechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesHIV infection environment presents a classic example of the interplay between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors abound in the HIV population even before initiation of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and predispose them to the development of stroke and myocardial infarction. This work focuses on determining the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors among ARV-naive HIV individuals in southern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of ARV-naive patients initiating care at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital HIV clinic cohort to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe sample consisted of 4925 assessed for hypertension, 5223 for obesity, 1818 for DM and 926 for dyslipidaemia. Hypertension prevalence was 26.7% (95% CI 25.5% to 28.0%) with a male preponderance (p=0.02). DM was found in 5.6% (95% CI 4.5% to 6.7%), obesity in 8.3% (95% CI 7.6% to 9.1%) and dyslipidaemia in 29.1% (95% CI 26.1% to 32.1%) with a high prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-c (42.6%). Hypertension was independently associated with age (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.05), p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08), p<0.001), obesity with age (OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), p<0.001), male gender (OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.49), p<0.001) and CD4 count (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.53), p<0.001) while dyslipidaemia was associated with BMI (OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), p=0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors is high in this ART-naive HIV population. An integrated approach of HIV and NCD screening/treatment may be relevant for centres in sub-Saharan Africa.

Beneficial effect of Mediterranean diet on disease activity and cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a cross-sectional study

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ◽  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
José-Luis Callejas-Rubio ◽  
Raquel Ríos-Fernández ◽  
María Martín-Amada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Damage Accrual ◽  
Diet Score

Abstract Objective To analyse the influence of the Mediterranean diet (Med Diet) on SLE activity, damage accrual and cardiovascular disease risk markers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 patients with SLE [46.9 (12.85) years]. Med Diet adherence was assessed through a 14-item questionnaire on food consumption frequency and habits (total score from 0 to 14 points; higher score is greater adherence to the Med Diet). CRP, homocysteine, SLEDAI-2K (SLE disease activity), and SLICC/ACR and SDI (damage accrual) were measured. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and blood lipids, among others, were considered cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results Greater adherence to the Med Diet was significantly associated with better anthropometric profiles, fewer cardiovascular disease risk factors, and lower disease activity and damage accrual scores (P ≤ 0.001 for SLEDAI and SDI). An inverse relationship between the Med Diet score and SLEDAI (P ≥ 0.001; β = −0.380), SDI (P ≤ 0.001; β = −0.740) and hsCRP (P = 0.039; β = −0.055) was observed. The odds ratio for having active SLE (SLEDAI ≥5) or the presence of damage (SDI ≥1) was lower among patients whose Med Diet score was higher (P ≤ 0.001). Finally, greater consumption of Med Diet foods (olive oil, fruits, vegetables, fish, etc.) and abstaining from red meat and meat products, sugars and pastries was associated with less SLE clinical activity and damage. Conclusion Greater adherence to the Med Diet seems to exert a beneficial effect on disease activity and cardiovascular risk in SLE patients. To confirm these findings, further longitudinal studies would be of interest.

scholarly journals What is the Impact of Sex on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases in China: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zu-feng Wang ◽  
Nan-hui Zhang ◽  
Ran Luo ◽  
Yi-chun Cheng ◽  
Kang-lin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract Background: It is controversial about the sex differences in the association of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Thus, we examined CVD risk makers of CKD and non-CKD men and women in China, especially some “non-traditional” ones.Methods: This cross-sectional study used 7999 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009. This study examined the “traditional” risk factors and of CVD, such as lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C).Also, the “non-traditional” risk factors of CVD were calculated, such as lipoprotein (a)(Lp(a)), white blood cell (WBC) count, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP).Results: Compared with men with CKD, higher levels of TC and LDL-C were observed in women with CKD. Furthermore, compared with men with CKD, the relative difference of WBC count was greater between women with CKD and their non-CKD ones. Meanwhile, the level of LAP and VAI of women with CKD were higher than men with CKD, which indicate the visceral obese. We also observed that the sex by CKD status interactions were statistically significant for TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, LAP, VAI and Lp(a) (all p <0.05). After adjusted the covariates, the sex differences effect on CVD risk factors among CKD patients couldn’t be eliminated as well. Conclusions: In CKD situation, women had greater lipid profiles and put on more visceral adiposity than men, which may indicate a higher CVD risk of women with CKD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors among school children of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038077
Author(s):  
T M Manjurul Islam ◽  
Palash Chandra Banik ◽  
Lingkan Barua ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Shahanaz Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectivePrimarily, we assessed the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among school children living in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition to this, we sought the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors among them.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 854 school children (aged 12–18 years) of Bangladesh. Ten public high schools (five from Dhaka and five from Sirajgonj district) were selected randomly and subjects from those were recruited conveniently. To link the family milieu of CVD risk factors, a parent of each children was also interviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDistribution of CVD risk factors was measured using descriptive statistics as appropriate. Again, a saturated model of binary logistic regression was used to seek the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors.ResultsMean age of the school children was 14.6±1.1 years and more than half (57.6%) were boys. Overall, 4.4% were currently smoker (urban—3.5%, rural—5.2%) with a strong family history of smoking (42.2%). Similar proportion of school children were identified as overweight (total 9.8%, urban 14.7%, rural 5%) and obese (total 9.8%, urban 16.8%, rural 2.8%) with notable urban-rural difference. More than three-fourth (80%) of them were physically inactive with no urban-rural variation. Only 2.4% consumed recommended fruits and/ or vegetables (urban—3.1%, rural—1.7%). In the adjusted model, place of residence had higher odds for having several modifiable CVD risk factors: current smoking (OR: 1.807, CI 0.872 to 3.744), inadequate fruits and vegetables intake (OR: 1.094, CI 0.631 to 1.895), physical inactivity (OR: 1.082, CI 0.751 to 1.558), overweight (OR: 3.812, CI 2.245 to 6.470) and obesity (OR: 7.449, CI 3.947 to 14.057).ConclusionsBoth urban and rural school children of Bangladesh had poor CVD risk factors profile that demands further nation-wide large scale study to clarify the current findings more precisely.

scholarly journals Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016048 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Castro-Piñero ◽  
Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso ◽  
Luis Gracia-Marco ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveEarly detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain.Participants2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1–4 and 7–10.MeasuresPubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated.ResultsNC was positively correlated with all anthropometric and body composition indices. NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, p<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, p<0.001 for girls) and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin, adiponectin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2from 0.035 to 0.353, p<0.01 for boys; R2from 0.024 to 0.215, p<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein, LDL-c and visfatin only in boys (R2from 0.013 to 0.107, p<0.05).ConclusionNC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.

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