Anarchism and the Indigenous Peoples of Guatemala: A Tenuous Relation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
Omar Lucas Monteflores
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Movements ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
History Of

While the indigenous peoples of Guatemala and its history of anarchist thought are seldom studied together but there is merit to exploring the differences and convergences between the anarchist movement's perspectives on class and ethnicity and those of better understood liberal, socialist and communist traditions. Anarchists in Guatemala made tentative efforts to reach out to rural workers and peasants in the period between 1928 to 1932, but these efforts were circumscribed and largely unsuccessful. They did so under the influence of more structured movements in Mexico and Argentina, which incorporated visions of collective emancipation that would appeal to autonomous indigenous movements; however their brief embrace of these issues, interrupted by fierce repression by the state, was curtailed by the overwhelming urban base from which they intervened in labour and social struggles. The reasons for this failure lay in the history of Guatemalan race relations and the structural divisions between urban and rural society that endured during the transition from colonial to republican society, and which anarchists tied to overcome.

Indigenous Political Representation in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Rice
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indigenous Movements

Indigenous peoples have become important social and political actors in contemporary Latin America. The politicization of ethnic identities in the region has divided analysts into those who view it as a threat to democratic stability versus those who welcome it as an opportunity to improve the quality of democracy. Throughout much of Latin America’s history, Indigenous peoples’ demands have been oppressed, ignored, and silenced. Latin American states did not just exclude Indigenous peoples’ interests; they were built in opposition to or even against them. The shift to democracy in the 1980s presented Indigenous groups with a dilemma: to participate in elections and submit themselves to the rules of a largely alien political system that had long served as an instrument of their domination or seek a measure of representation through social movements while putting pressure on the political system from the outside. In a handful of countries, most notably Bolivia and Ecuador, Indigenous movements have successfully overcome this tension by forming their own political parties and contesting elections on their own terms. The emergence of Indigenous peoples’ movements and parties has opened up new spaces for collective action and transformed the relationship between Indigenous peoples and the state. Indigenous movements have reinvigorated Latin America’s democracies. The political exclusion of Indigenous peoples, especially in countries with substantial Indigenous populations, has undoubtedly contributed to the weakness of party systems and the lack of accountability, representation, and responsiveness of democracies in the region. In Bolivia, the election of the country’s first Indigenous president, Evo Morales (2006–present) of the Movement toward Socialism (MAS) party, has resulted in new forms of political participation that are, at least in part, inspired by Indigenous traditions. A principal consequence of the broadening of the democratic process is that Indigenous activists are no longer forced to choose between party politics and social movements. Instead, participatory mechanisms allow civil society actors and their organizations to increasingly become a part of the state. New forms of civil society participation such as Indigenous self-rule broaden and deepen democracy by making it more inclusive and government more responsive and representative. Indigenous political representation is democratizing democracy in the region by pushing the limits of representative democracy in some of the most challenging socio-economic and institutional environments.

scholarly journals Idle No More: A Movement of Dissent

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Melançon
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Indigenous Movements ◽  
Settler Population

Idle No More is a movement of dissent insofar as it refused the reality and truth about Indigenous peoples that are imposed by the state and the majority of the settler population. In focusing on anticolonial dissent, Idle No More continues previous Indigenous movements, brings together existing movements and campaigns, and maintains open the questions of the goals to be pursued and of the means of pursuing them. The appeals to rights in Idle No More thus represent not only a judicial question but also the re-opening of political questions and the fundamental questioning of the existence of the Canadian state.

“To Make Them Serve”: The 1871 Transvaal Commission on African Labour as a Source for Agrarian History

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan S. Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In the past twenty to twenty-five years valuable contributions have been made to southern African agrarian history. Stanley Trapido's publications, for example, opened up stimulating perspectives on the processes and forces inherent to nineteenth-century Transvaal agrarian history. Although he was modest in his 1980 chapter, “Reflections on Land, Office, and Wealth in the South African Republic, 1850-1900,” and referred to it as “a tentative and preliminary attempt to outline some important aspects of these social relationships,” it has provided historians and others with an important instrument of analysis.However, there are still themes, regions, and periods that need attention, one of these being the central districts of the Transvaal before the industrial revolution. In this regard a little-known source which may contribute to our knowledge of the pre-industrial history of the Transvaal, and which will be published this year as an annotated source publication, should be taken note of. This is the 1871 Commission on African labor in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR). Despite the valuable information contained in its documents on agrarian history and various aspects of race relations, especially with regard to the central districts of the Transvaal, it has been neglected by historians in the past. Of the few historians who refer to the 1871 Commission, most have merely utilised the report of the commission and have probably missed the important testimonies, correspondence, and minutes. Very few have managed to locate these documents, which are concealed among the supplementary documents of the State Secretary for 1871 in the Transvaal Archives.

scholarly journals MENILIK IMPLEMENTASI KEWAJIBAN MORAL NATURAL NEGARA UNTUK MENGAKUI, MENGHORMATI MASYARAKAT ADAT SEBAGAI ENTITAS DASAR DARI TERBENTUKNYA ENTITAS NEGARA

Law Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Saverius Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The state began primarily from the most modest legal society and then evolved into a large and modern entity. These entities are anthropological primordial communities that have a continuity that has been carried on until the history of civilization has disappeared. When a primordial entity becomes a large entity (the State), the state (a large entity) has a morally natural obligation to recognize and respect by issuing legal institutions that do not reduce or do not even distort the primordial entity. This research aims to describe how the state implements its natural moral obligations as a representation of citizens. This research finally provides an answer to the discourse that the state is considered negligent to recognize, respect and fulfill the rights of indigenous peoples. Furthermore, this research is normative legal research (library research) with a statutory approach (statue approach)</em><em>.</em></p>

scholarly journals PLANEJAMENTO TURÍSTICO DO MONUMENTO NATURAL ESTADUAL MORRO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO DE LEVERGER-MT

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Giseli Dalla Nora ◽  
Rodrigo Tsuyoshi Takata
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Monument ◽  
Origin Myth ◽  
Geographical Space

TOURIST PLANNING OF THE STATE NATURAL MONUMENT MORRO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO, IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SANTO ANTÔNIO DE LEVERGER-MTPLANIFICACIÓN TURÍSTICA DEL MONUMENTO NATURAL MORRO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO, EN EL MUNICIPIO DE SANTO ANTÔNIO DE LEVERGER-MTRESUMOO Monumento Natural Estadual Morro de Santo Antônio de Leverger (MNEMSAL), localizado no município de Santo Antônio de Leverger-MT, faz parte da história do estado e é visitado frequentemente pela população local. Sua história está diretamente ligada ao mito de origem do povo indígena Bororos. Entretanto, é impactado com as atividades realizadas na área, bem como com a falta de investimento e infraestrutura. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apontar as potencialidades e atrativos da área de estudo, com sugestões de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento do turismo local, por meio da análise do espaço geográfico. Assim, identificou-se a necessidade de realizar algumas obras de infraestrutura para que o turismo, que acontece neste patrimônio, não seja nocivo ao ambiente. Portanto, implantar fiscalização no ambiente, controlar o número de visitantes, executar obras de controle de processos erosivos, e de diminuição do impacto de visitação, são algumas das propostas apresentadas neste texto, contribuindo para o fortalecimento do desenvolvimento do turismo como componente e alternativa econômica.Palavras-chave: Turismo; Planejamento; Morro de Santo Antônio.ABSTRACTThe State Natural Monument Morro de Santo Antonio do Leverger (MNEMSAL), located in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Leverger-MT is part of the history of the state and is often visited by local people. Its history is directly linked to the origin myth of Bororos indigenous peoples, however it suffers from the activities in the area as well as the lack of investment and infrastructure. This article aims to evaluate the potential and attractiveness of the study area with guidelines suggestions for the development of local tourism, through the analysis of geographical space. Thus, it identified the need for some infrastructure projects for tourism, which takes place this heritage, is not harmful to the environment, therefore deploy monitoring the environment, control the number of visitors as well as perform erosion control works well as decreased visitation impact are some of the proposals presented in this text. Contributing to the strengthening of tourism development as a component and economical alternative.Keywords: Tourism; Planning; Morro Santo Antônio.RESUMENEl monumento natural estado Morro de Santo Antônio de Leverger (MNEMSAL), localizado en el municipio de Santo Antônio de Leverger – MT, es parte de la historia del estado y es visitado frecuentemente por la población local. Su historia está directamente vinculada al mito del origen del pueblo indígena Bororos. Sin embargo, sufre con las actividades realizadas en el área, con la falta de inversión e infraestructura. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar el potencial de los atractivos del área de estudio, con sugerencias de directrices para el desarrollo del turismo local, por medio del análisis del espacio geográfico. Así, se identificó la necesidad de realizar algunas obras de infraestructuras para que el turismo, que acontece en este sitio, no sea perjudicial al ambiente. Por lo tanto, desarrollar estudios de impacto ambiental, controlar el número de visitantes, bien como ejecutar obras de control de procesos erosivos, así como de disminución del impacto de visitas, son algunas de las propuestas presentadas en este texto, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento del desarrollo del turismo como alternativa económica.Palabras clave: Turismo; Planificación; Morro de Santo Antônio.

S. R. Welch and His History of the Portuguese in Africa, 1495–1806

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Boxer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dark Continent ◽  
History Of

The lack of an adequate work in English—or indeed in any other language—on the history of the Portuguese in Africa before the nineteenth century has long been felt by those interested in what is still, in many respects, the Dark Continent, in so far as its past is concerned. In Africa as in Asia, the Portuguese pioneered the expansion of Europe; and their accounts of the indigenous peoples whom they successively discovered will always be of value as showing the state of those peoples before they were affected by contact with white rule. The reactions of the Portuguese to the African environment, whether in Morocco, Guinea, the Congo, Zambesia, or in Abyssinia inevitably affected not only the inhabitants of those regions but set precedents which were followed to a greater or lesser degree by the other Europeans who came after them.

scholarly journals Societies “against” and “in ” the State - from Exiwa to the Retakings: Territory, autonomy and hierarchy in the history of the indigenous peoples of Chaco-Pantanal

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Cordeiro Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Interethnic Conflict ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century

Abstract The purpose of this article is to conduct an exercise in historic anthropology and an anthropology of territory, based on an ethnography of the experiences of domination and resistance experienced by the indigenous peoples of Pantanal, in particular the Terena, within the processes of colonization, formation of nation states and capitalist development in South America. We will analyze experiences of indigenous autonomy against and in the state, and their dialectical territorial expression in the colonial world and in the contemporary dynamics of territorial and interethnic conflict in twenty-first century Brazil.

History of Medicine in Australia and New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Bryder
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
International Medical ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
History Of

This article considers trends in the writing of medical history in Australia and New Zealand since the 1980s. It traces the growing maturity of the discipline in this geographical region. It pinpoints a particular contribution to the wider discipline, the history of the health of indigenous peoples and their interaction with the state as well as the current political resonances of such historiography. It also shows how the history of health and medicine contributes to a broader understanding of those societies and their sense of nationalism or identity. Finally it addresses transnationalism in health histories and the ways in which medicine in these societies reflected or deviated from developments in the international medical community. This article demonstrates how international histories of medicine, as well as local social and political histories, have been enriched by this expanding historiography.

Reforming the International Whaling Commission: Indigenous Peoples, the Canadian Problem and the Road Ahead

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 324-361
Author(s):  
Niall Alexander Rand
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
International Level ◽  
International Whaling Commission ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
Commercial Whaling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aboriginal Subsistence

The International Whaling Commission (iwc) conceals within its history a perennial battle between nations. Since the moratorium on commercial whaling took effect in 1986 both sides of the whaling debate have been unable to substantively advance their cause. This has led many commentators to question its purpose and ability to adapt to issues of modern significance. Given the interdisciplinary breadth of the debate at hand, this article primarily focuses on place of Indigenous peoples within the history of whaling and what role, if any, they will play in the future relevance of the iwc. It is argued that Canada’s withdrawal from the iwc, in the interest of its Indigenous peoples, should generally be regarded as a domestic regulatory success. Nevertheless, the time is ripe for Canada to re-establish itself at the international level with the goal of reforming the state of the Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling exception and perhaps the iwc itself.

scholarly journals «Close-up» as a mirror: the Ob Ugrians through the eyes of V. A. Igoshev / the artist through the eyes of the Ob Ugrians (to the centenary of the People’s Artist of the USSR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-583
Author(s):  
А. А Galyamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
The State ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

Introduction: on October 28, 2021, People’s Artist of the USSR Vladimir Alexandrovich Igoshev would have turned 100 years old, whose work was inextricably linked with the culture and history of Yugra. Objective: on the basis of a theoretical and methodological combination of approaches («close-up» and «theory of mimesis») and oral reports of informants to consider the experience of V. A. Igoshev’s creative trips to Yugra. Research materials: catalogs of exhibitions and reproductions of V. A. Igoshev’s works, works of the artist from the funds of the State Art Museum, literature dedicated to the artist’s work, oral reports of informants. Results and scientific novelty: the article actualizes 1) a new theoretical and methodological reading of both the artist’s works and the understanding of the realities of the culture and life of the Ob Ugrians in the second half of the XX century; 2) thanks to the collected and recorded oral data of informants from among the indigenous peoples of the North, it became possible to fill in the gaps in the master’s creative heritage.

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