scholarly journals From chaos to order: the life history of Hannaea inaequidentata (Lagerstedt) Genkal and Kharitonov (Bacillariophyta), from initial cells to vegetative cells

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 81-112
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
David M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Significant Length ◽  
History Of ◽  
Length Reduction ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Chaos Process

This study presents observations on three species of Hannaea and documents and illustrates the life history of H. inaequidentata. We have divided the life history of H. inaequidentata into the following four series of successive stages: auxospore, initial cell, pre-normal vegetative cell, and normal vegetative cell. The initial cell has a cylinder-like and a frequently twisted outline, a longitudinal perizonium wholly covering the valve surface, and a disc-shaped incunabular scale, but lacks any transverse perizonium bands. The pre-normal vegetative cell cannot form ribbon-like colonies, has a wide variety of irregular outlines and is composed of two cell types: one with its epivalve composed of either the initial epivalve or the initial hypovalve, its hypovalve being newly formed, the other with both its epivalve and hypovalve newly formed. The normal vegetative cell has a regular outline and exhibits a significant length reduction so that the largest valve is at least four times longer than the smallest. From initial cell to normal vegetative cell, the developmental sequence goes from ‘chaos to order’ as happens in many phenomena in the universe. The lack of transverse perizonium bands may be the cause of the initial ‘chaos’ process during its developing period from the initial cell to the normal vegetative cell. The development of frustule/valve shape, central area, sternum, virga, vimine, rimoportula and ocellulimbus etc. during the life circle is summarised. In the genus Hannaea, some taxa lack the strongly buttressed central area as in H. inaequidentata, which also has almost parallel valve margins.

Philosophy of Cosmology

Philosophy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Fox ◽  
Marie Gueguen ◽  
Adam Koberinski ◽  
Chris Smeenk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Philosophy Of Cosmology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Cosmology ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Scientific Debates ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
General Philosophy Of Science

Physical cosmology, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and its evolution, has become a central area of research in fundamental physics. Theoretical and observational developments have led to acceptance of a “standard model” describing the history of the universe in impressive detail. These developments raise a number of challenging foundational questions that have stimulated the emerging field of philosophy of cosmology. Many of these questions are closely tied to discussions in general philosophy of science and philosophy of physics, whereas others are distinctive to the field. This bibliography aims to provide an orientation for both kinds of questions. As philosophy of cosmology is an emerging field, the literature in this area is sparse. Hence this bibliography includes two kinds of references that do not explicitly address philosophy of cosmology. First, it identifies several philosophical papers regarding other scientific fields, with the thought that these will inform discussions of parallel issues in cosmology. Second, it includes several references to the scientific literature, to provide philosophers with a useful orientation to contemporary scientific debates.

Works and Days

1944 ◽  
Vol 13 (38-39) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
C. J Herington
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Opening Up

For antiquarians Hesiod is no doubt a more useful poet than either Homer or Euripides. He differs from Homer in having a definite character and even an approximate date; from both Euripides and Homer in dealing with the concrete, everyday facts of contemporary life. It is from him, for instance, that we have our earliest account of a plough made artificially with separate pieces of wood; Homer never troubled his head with such banal matters, but here is a chance for the antiquarians to make merry. The Works and Days above all other works is the antiquarian's thesaurus.But if we subtract Hesiod's descriptions of ploughs, his list of days and similar paragraphs which are admittedly boring, we are left with a good three-fourths of the Works and Days still intact. For example, we have the three λòγoi with which the poem begins. Here, if we expect the glitter of Homer, the ‘surge and thunder of the Odyssey’, we shall be disappointed; but we shall find that monstrous familiarity with the gods, and that astonishing intimacy with the universe before man's creation, which only Greek literature can show us. Shelley indeed, as Francis Thompson observed, had in some degree this Greek characteristic— ‘the universe is his box of toys… he dances in and out of the gates of heaven’—but only Hesiod and Aeschylus in the Prometheus have yet succeeded in opening up the full prospect of eternity. Hesiod knows the origin of everything, divine and human; he had the effrontery to write a Theogony, and knew the exact life history of the second sort of Strife: ‘she was born of dark gloomy Night, and high Zeus, who dwells in heaven, set her in the roots of earth’ (Works and Days, 11. 17–19).

Morphology and life history of Amphora commutata (Bacillariophyta) I: the vegetative cell and phylogenetic position

Phycologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Sato ◽  
Nagumo Tamotsu ◽  
David G. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Vegetative Cell ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
History Of

Experimental life history of Echinostoma cinetorchis

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Lee ◽  
J Y Chai ◽  
S T Hong ◽  
W M Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
History Of

Roshdi Rashed

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aref
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Great Book ◽  
Mathematical Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Elementary Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

This review essay introduces the work of the Egyptian scientific historian and philosopher Roshdi Rashed, a pioneer in the field of the history of Arab sciences. The article is based on the five volumes he originally wrote in French and later translated into Arabic, which were published by the Centre for Arab Unity Studies and which are now widely acclaimed as a unique effort to unveil the achievements of Arab scientists. The essay reviews this major work, which seems, like Plato’s Republic to have “No Entry for Those Who Have No Knowledge of Mathematics” written on its gate. If you force your way in, even with elementary knowledge of computation, a philosophy will unfold before your eyes, described by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei as “written in that great book which ever lies before our eyes—I mean the universe—but we cannot understand it if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols, in which it is written. This book is written in the mathematical language, and the symbols are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without whose help it is impossible to comprehend a single word of it; without which one wanders in vain through a dark labyrinth.” The essay is a journey through this labyrinth where the history of world mathematics got lost and was chronicled by Rashed in five volumes translated from the French into Arabic. It took him fifteen years to complete.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

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