scholarly journals An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Aberdare Ranges Forest, a part of Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 1-88
Author(s):  
Solomon Kipkoech ◽  
David Kimutai Melly ◽  
Benjamin Watuma Muema ◽  
Neng Wei ◽  
Peris Kamau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
East African ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
The World ◽  
African Rift ◽  
Endemic Plant Species ◽  
Annotated Checklist

The Aberdare Ranges Forest, located in the Central highlands of Kenya, is an isolated volcanic mountain in the East African Rift Valley with unique flora. Despite its refugial importance to rare and endemic plant species, the diversity of plants in the Aberdare Ranges Forest remains poorly understood. The checklist presented here is a collation of data obtained from multiple floristic surveys and from herbarium specimen collections from the forest. A total of 1260 vascular plants taxa representing 136 families, 613 genera, 67 subspecies and 63 varieties are documented. The ferns comprised 84 species, lycophytes seven, gymnosperms six and angiosperms were 1163 taxa. This represents 17.9% of the Kenyan taxa, 1.7% of the African taxa and 0.3% of all the vascular plants known in the world. A total of 18 taxa were endemic and 14 taxa were found to be threatened globally. The life form, voucher specimen(s), habitat and distribution range of each taxon and a brief analysis of taxa diversity is presented in this checklist. This is the first comprehensive inventory of vascular plants in the entire Aberdare Ranges, providing a solid basis for more sustainable management and improved conservation of this montane forest. The checklist is also an important contribution to the world checklist of plants required by the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

A checklist and floristic summary of the vascular plants of Napa County, California

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN J. CRAIN ◽  
JEFFREY W. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Napa County ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Floristic Data ◽  
Endemic Plant Species ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Napa County contains particularly high levels of biological diversity in a variety of categories and is considered one of ten localized areas in California that contain the highest numbers of native and endemic plant species. Here we present a floristic summary based on a new annotated checklist of the flora of this uniquely diverse region. The checklist was developed by combining several local and statewide floristic data sources that represent herbarium collection records and other observations from Napa County. The final checklist of vascular plants for Napa County consists of 1,716 taxa, including 1,418 native taxa from 101 different families. Alarmingly, 126 native taxa in Napa County were listed as rare or threatened to some degree. The results of this study demonstrate that for its size, Napa County contains remarkably high levels of plant diversity as well as high concentrations of special status taxa as compared to other areas within the California Floristic Province, the State of California as a whole, and other regions within global biodiversity hotspots characterized by Mediterranean climates. In particular, this analysis highlights the floristic significance of Napa County at global and local levels, and thus, this review is an important step to help promote and facilitate long term research and conservation planning in the area.

The genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae): a provisional checklist of the accepted and unresolved taxa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELO TROIA ◽  
JOVANI B. PEREIRA ◽  
CHANGKYUN KIM ◽  
W. CARL TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
South America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Floristic Studies

Isoetes is a widely distributed lycophyte genus of at least 200 species occurring in diverse habitats. The species can be difficult to identify because Isoetes, with its apparent simplicity of form and conserved morphology, provides few diagnostic features to reliably distinguish its species. The last worldwide monograph, published nearly a century ago, listed 77 taxa. The first step in producing a flora or monograph of all known species of a genus is to compile a list of the acceptable species names. The list presented here is a compilation of 192 accepted names representing taxa from regions around the world: chromosome numbers were assigned to 101 of them, with polyploidy settled on 46.7%. Distribution mapping of the accepted species indicates that South America is the center of diversity for Isoetes and species diversity is the highest in temperate regions. Many of the species on this list are rare and have limited ranges. The list of taxa can be used to initiate floristic studies and conservation efforts in keeping with the target goals of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

scholarly journals Fifty shades of red: Lost or threatened bryophytes in Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Van Rooy ◽  
Ariel Bergamini ◽  
Irene Bisang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Red List ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Regional Red Lists ◽  
Specialist Group ◽  
Threatened Bryophytes

Background: A Red List of threatened bryophytes is lacking for Africa. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) Bryophyte Specialist Group has recently launched the ‘Top 10 Initiative’ to identify the 10 species on each continent that are at highest risk of extinction.Objectives: The main aim of this paper was to highlight some of the lost or strongly threatened bryophyte species in sub-Saharan Africa and the East African islands and to draw up a Top 10 list for Africa.Method: Lost or threatened species have been identified with the help of experts on the bryoflora of Africa, global and regional Red Lists and taxonomic literature. Each species on this candidate list is discussed at the hand of its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, threat and current global or regional Red List status as far as previously assessed.Results: Fifty bryophyte species, representing 40 genera and 23 families, have been identified as Top 10 candidates. Of these, 29 are endemic to Africa and 21 are restricted to the East African islands. The majority of the candidate species occur in one of eight ‘biodiversity hotspots’ with most species (19) in the Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands hotspot.Conclusion: This is the first list of lost or threatened bryophytes for Africa and the first Top 10 list of the IUCN Bryophyte Specialist Group. It represents an important step towards regional and global Red List assessment of bryophytes, thus meeting the targets of the Updated Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011–2020 and priorities of The Shenzhen Declaration on Plant Sciences.

scholarly journals Descriptive Data Challenges for the World Flora Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26731
Author(s):  
Chuck Miller ◽  
William Ulate
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Project ◽  
Data Elements

The World Flora Online (WFO) is primarily a data management project initiated in 2012 in response to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation – "To create an online flora of all known plants by 2020". A WFO Consortium has been formed of now 42 international partners with a governing Council and three Working Groups. The World Flora Online Public Portal (www.worldfloraonline.org) was launched at the International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China in July, 2017. The baseline Public Portal was primarily populated with a taxonomic backbone of information gathered from The Plant List augmented by newer taxonomic sources like Solanaceae Source. To support all known plant names in the WFO. including both vascular and non-vascular plants, new WFO identifiers (WFOIDs) were created, which were also cross-referenced to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) identifiers for plant names included there. The next phase of the World Flora Online involves additional enhancement of the taxonomic backbone by engagement of new plant Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) and acceleration of ingestion of descriptive data from digital floras and monographs, and other sources like International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat assessments and the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) Global Tree Assessment. Descriptive data can be text descriptions, images, geographic distributions, identification keys, phylogenetic trees, as well as atomized trait data like threat status, lifeform or habitat. Initial digital descriptive datasets have been received by WFO from Flora of Brazil, Flora of South Africa, Flora of China, Flora of North Africa, Solanaceae Source and several others. The hard work is underway to match the names associated with the submitted descriptions to the names and WFOIDs in the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone and then merging the descriptive data elements into the WFO database. Numerous data tools have been adopted and created to accomplish the data cleaning, standardization and transformation required before descriptive data can be integrated. The WFO project has discovered many variations between just the few datasets received so far, which highlights the need for better standardization and controlled vocabularies for flora and monographic descriptive data. This presentation will review some of the issues identified by the project when merging descriptive data and some potential gaps in the TDWG standards specifically for flora descriptive data. Some opportunities for consideration by the TDWG Species Information Interest Group will be presented.

scholarly journals Bioecological features and economic significance of rare, endangered and endemic plant species of the State Agricultural Enterprise “Buiratau”

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Kulpash Dakenovna Kenzhina ◽  
◽  
Almagul Auelbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

The presented article is devoted to the assessment of the bioecological features and economic significance of rare, endangered and endemic plants, unique groups of vascular plants of the state National Naturo Park «Buiratau», Republic of Kazakhstan, opened relatively recently. The authors, systematized obtained from the sources of scientific literature, the information, as well as using the definitions of various basic scientific methods, have compiled this scientific work. Based on the results of these studies, an actual bioecological review and economic characteristics of 24 species of rare and endangered plants of the National Park «Buiratau», 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book and 7 species of endemics were compiled. According to the results of the research of the object and the research of recent years, 610 species of vascular plants belonging to 288 genera from 75 families were identified on the territory. Among the named endemics there are 7 species belonging to 5 families and 6 genera. This is 1/4 of the total endemic plant available in Central Kazakhstan. And 10 of the 387 species listed in the Red Book are found in this territory. Also, the number of rare plants in this area today has reached 24 species. Among them are species rare not only for Karaganda region, but for the whole Kazakhstan.

Biodiversity and Conservation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Blondel ◽  
Frédéric Médail
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Endemic Plant Species ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The biodiversity of Mediterranean-climate ecosystems is of particular interest and concern, not only because all five of these regions (the Mediterranean basin, California, central Chile, Cape Province of South Africa, western and southern parts of Australia) are among the thirty-four hotspots of species diversity in the world (Mittermeier et al. 2004), but they are also hotspots of human population density and growth (Cincotta and Engelman 2000). This relationship is not surprising because there is often a correlation between the biodiversity of natural systems and the abundance of people (Araùjo 2003; Médail and Diadema 2006) and this, inevitably, raises conservation problems. Within the larger hotspot of the Mediterranean basin as a whole, ten regional hotspots have been identified. They cover about 22 per cent of the basin’s total area and harbour about 44 per cent of Mediterranean endemic plant species (Médail and Quézel 1997, 1999), as well as a large number of rare and endemic animals (Blondel and Aronson 1999). A key feature of these Mediterranean hotspots as a whole is their extraordinarily high topographic diversity with many mountainous and insular areas. Not surprisingly this results in high endemism rates and they contain more than 10 per cent of the total plant richness (see the recent synthesis of Thompson 2005). However, of all the mediterranean-type regions in the world, the Mediterranean basin harbours the lowest percentage (c.5%) of natural vegetation considered to be in ‘pristine condition’ (Médail and Myers 2004; Chapter 7). With an average of as many as 111 people per km2, one may expect a significant decline in biological diversity in the Mediterranean basin—a region that has been managed, modified, and, in places, heavily degraded by humans for millennia (Thirgood 1981; Braudel 1986; McNeill 1992; Blondel and Aronson 1999; Chapter 9). There are two contrasting theories that consider the relationships between humans and ecosystems in the Mediterranean (Blondel 2006, 2008). The first one is the ‘Ruined Landscape or Lost Eden’ theory, first advocated by painters, poets, and historians in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and later by a large number of ecologists.

scholarly journals Climate change threatens New Guinea’s biocultural heritage

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaz1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cámara-Leret ◽  
N. Raes ◽  
P. Roehrdanz ◽  
Y. De Fretes ◽  
C. D. Heatubun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Biocultural Heritage ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

New Guinea is the most biologically and linguistically diverse tropical island on Earth, yet the potential impacts of climate change on its biocultural heritage remain unknown. Analyzing 2353 endemic plant species distributions, we find that 63% of species are expected to have smaller geographic ranges by 2070. As a result, ecoregions may have an average of −70 ± 40 fewer species by 2070. Species with future geographic range contractions include 720 endemic plant species that are used by indigenous people, and we find that these will decrease in 80% of New Guinea’s 1030 language areas, with losses of up to 94 species per language area. To mitigate the threats of climate change on the flora, we identify priority sites for protected area expansion that can jointly maximize biodiversity and useful plant conservation.

scholarly journals Conservation of crop genetic resources in Brazil in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Rodriguésia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565
Author(s):  
Juliano Gomes Pádua
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultivated Species

Abstract Cultivated species, on which humankind depends for survival, have been created by farmers that have crossed and selected wild plants and developed landraces. Early in 20th century, the theory of Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants was proposed by Vavilov. He also warned the world about the loss of plant genetic diversity due to the dominance of a small number of genetically similar crops, a fact that help starting a movement for the conservation of plant genetic resources. From this time, several strategies and institutions were established around the world to act in plant genetic resources (PGR) conservation. In Brazil, a remarkable player in PGR conservation, some institutions conserve several crop species as well as their wild relatives and other socio-economically valuable plant species. In this paper we present the status of PGR conservation in Brazil as well as initiatives and laws aiming at respecting, preserving and maintaining associated indigenous and local knowledge, in the context of the target 9 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation.

scholarly journals The e-Flora of South Africa – restructuring data to comply with Darwin Core standards for inclusion into the World Flora Online

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fhatani Ranwashe ◽  
Marianne Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Data Standards ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Darwin Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Botanical Research

The e-Flora of South Africa project was initiated in 2013 by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) in support of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC, 2011-2020). South Africa's flora consists of ca. 21,000 taxa of which more than half are endemic. South Africa will contribute a national Flora towards Target 1 of the GSPC ("To create an online flora of all known plants by 2020"). South Africa's contribution is ca. 6% of the world’s flora of which ca. 3% are endemic and therefore unique. South Africa’s electronic Flora is comprised of previously published descriptions. South Africa’s e-Flora data forms part of the Botanical Dataset of Southern Africa (BODATSA) that is currently managed through the Botanical Research And Herbarium Management System (BRAHMS). To date, South Africa’s e-Flora data (http://ipt.sanbi.org.za/iptsanbi/resource?r=flora_descriptions) represents 19,539 indigenous taxa, 79,139 descriptions of distribution, morphological, habitat and diagnostic data, and 27,799 bibliographic records. The e-Flora data was recently published online using the Integrated Publishing Toolkit and henceforth harvested by the World Flora Online (WFO) into the portal. A series of challenges were encountered while manipulating descriptive data from BRAHMS to be ingested by the WFO portal; from taxonomic issues to data quality issues not excluding compliance to data standards. To contribute to the WFO portal, the taxa in BODATSA has to match with the taxa in the WFO taxonomic backbone. Once there is a match, a unique WFO taxon identifier is assigned to the taxa in BODATSA. This process presented various challenges because the WFO taxonomic backbone and the taxonomic classification system that is used by South Africa (South African National Plant Checklist) does not fully correlate. The schema used to store taxonomic data also does not agree between BRAHMS and WFO and had to be addressed. To enable consistency for future, a detailed guideline document was created providing all the steps and actions that should be taken when publishing an e-Flora, managed in BRAHMS, to the WFO portal. The presentation will focus on matching taxonomic classifications between BRAHMS and WFO; dealing with character encoding issues and manipulating data to meet Darwin Core standards.

scholarly journals Endemic Vascular Plants of Marble and Serpentine Parent Materials in Semiarid Grassland

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melda Dölarslan ◽  
Ebru Gül ◽  
Sabit Erşahin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Plant Sampling ◽  
Endemic Plant Species ◽  
Plant Endemism

Endemism is an important criterion for identification of floristic regions and determination of floristic properties of these regions. Turkey is one of the world’s major countries in terms of endemism over 3.000 endemic plant species. This study was carried out in order to determine the floristic composition and endemic plant species on the serpentine and marble (metamorphic rocks) parent material in semi-arid garssland in Çankırı-Eldivan. For this reason plant samples were collected in different growing season in 2014 (month of between April- September), approximately 4ha (Marble, 3.88 ha; Serpentine, 0.08 ha) area in Çankırı-Eldivan. Study area is located A4 square according to the grid system of P.H. Davis (1965-1988) and Irano-Turanian region in phytogeographic respect. As a result of the plant sampling carried out in the area; 16 families, 27 genera, 31 species determined in serpentine parent material. Among of these plants 9 of them are endemic plant. Endemism rate of the serpentine area is 29%. In addition, 20 families, 58 genera, 72 species of plants have been identified in marble parent material and 14 plant taxa of these species endemic. Endemism ratio is 19%. Results of this study showed that parent material effects of plant diversity and endemism ratio.

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