scholarly journals Morphological evolution in Hyles Hübner, 1819 hawkmoths (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae): reconstructing the ancestral Hyles habitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 181-210
Author(s):  
Anna K. Hundsdoerfer ◽  
Ian J. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Ancestral States ◽  
Body Patterns ◽  
Hyles Euphorbiae ◽  
Different Parts

Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that similar wing and body patterns in the hawkmoth genus Hyles Hübner, [1819] do not necessarily reflect a close phylogenetic relationship. To improve our understanding of morphological evolution in these organisms, 75 characters derived from the external adult morphology are explicitly coded and analysed in a maximum parsimony cladistic framework. The results corroborate the hypothesis that wing and body patterns have indeed reappeared in different parts of the phylogeny but the underlying genetic mechanism remains to be determined. By reconstructing the suite of ancestral states of the morphological characters using Bayesian inference, we derived an approximation of the appearance of the proto-Hyles species. The overall habitus of this moth does not display a combination of characters found in any extant Hyles species. Rather, the forewings are most like those of members of the Hyles euphorbiae-complex but with better developed antemedial and postmedial lines, the hindwings are typical Hyles, and the abdominal pattern most closely resembles that of Hyles euphorbiarum (Guérin-Méneville & Percheron, 1835), but with one fewer pairs of black subdorsal patches. Within the context of the subtribe Choerocampina and Sphingidae more generally, the proto-Hyles reconstruction does not resemble any other species apart from Rhodafra opheltes (Cramer, 1780), but this appears to be another instance of convergent pattern expression.

Transfer of the Kobresia taxa of the flora of Russia and adjacent countries to the genus Carex (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
D. G. Melnikov ◽  
L. I. Krupkina
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
New Nomenclatural Combinations

Based on the published data of molecular phylogenetic studies of the tribe Cariceae Dumort. genera (Cyperaceae), obtained by an international collaboration (The Global Carex Group, 2016; et al.), and morphological characters of the genera (Kukkonen, 1990; and others), new nomenclatural combinations and replacement names in the genus Carex L. are published for 11 species, one subspecies and two sections previously included in the genus Kobresia Willd.

scholarly journals Marrying molecules and morphology: first steps towards a reevaluation of solariellid genera (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) in the light of molecular phylogenetic studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
S T Williams ◽  
Y Kano ◽  
A Warén ◽  
D G Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Clade B ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Anatomical Characters

ABSTRACT The assignment of species to the vetigastropod genus Solariella Wood, 1842, and therefore the family Solariellidae Powell, 1951, is complicated by the fact that the type species (Solariella maculata Wood, 1842) is a fossil described from the Upper Pliocene. Assignment of species to genera has proved difficult in the past, and the type genus has sometimes acted as a ‘wastebasket’ for species that cannot easily be referred to another genus. In the light of a new systematic framework provided by two recent publications presenting the first molecular phylogenetic data for the group, we reassess the shell characters that are most useful for delimiting genera. Shell characters were previously thought to be of limited taxonomic value above the species level, but this is far from the case. Although overall shell shape is not a reliable character, our work shows that shell characters, along with radular and anatomical characters, are useful for assigning species to genera. Sculpture of the early teleoconch (the region immediately following the protoconch) and the columella are particularly useful characters that have not been used regularly in the past to distinguish genera. However, even with the combination of all morphological characters used in this study (shell, radular and eye), a few species are still difficult to assign to genera and in such cases molecular systematic data are essential. In the present study, we discuss 13 genera—12 of which were recovered as well-supported clades in recent molecular systematic studies—and provide morphological characters to distinguish them. We describe several new taxa: Chonospeira n. gen. (referred to as ‘clade B’ in previous molecular systematic studies), Phragmomphalina n. gen. (Bathymophila in part in molecular systematic studies) and Phragmomphalina vilvensi n. sp. (type species of Phragmomphalina n. gen.). We synonymize Hazuregyra Shikama, 1962 with Minolia A. Adams, 1860, Minolia subangulata Kuroda & Habe, 1952 with Minolia punctata A. Adams, 1860 and M. gemmulata Kuroda & Habe, 1971 with M. shimajiriensis (MacNeil, 1960). We also present the following new combinations: Bathymophila bairdii (Dall, 1889), B. dawsoni (Marshall, 1979), B. regalis (Marshall, 1999), B. wanganellica (Marshall, 1999), B. ziczac (Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971), Chonospeira nuda (Dall, 1896), C. iridescens (Habe, 1961), C. ostreion (Vilvens, 2009), C. strobilos (Vilvens, 2009), Elaphriella corona (Lee & Wu, 2001), E. diplax (Marshall, 1999), E. meridiana (Marshall, 1999), E. olivaceostrigata (Schepman, 1908), E. opalina (Shikama & Hayashi, 1977), Ilanga norfolkensis (Marshall, 1999), I. ptykte (Vilvens, 2009), I. zaccaloides (Vilvens, 2009), Minolia shimajiriensis (MacNeil, 1960), M. watanabei (Shikama, 1962), Phragmomphalina alabida (Marshall, 1979), P. diadema (Marshall, 1999), P. tenuiseptum (Marshall, 1999), Spectamen euteium (Vilvens, 2009), S. basilicum (Marshall, 1999), S. exiguum (Marshall, 1999) and S. flavidum (Marshall, 1999).

scholarly journals Phylogeny, morphology and the role of hybridization as driving force of evolution in grass tribes Aveneae and Poeae (Poaceae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Tkach ◽  
Julia Schneider ◽  
Elke Döring ◽  
Alexandra Wölk ◽  
Anne Hochbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

ABSTRACTTo investigate the evolutionary diversification and morphological evolution of grass supertribe Poodae (subfam. Pooideae, Poaceae) we conducted a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis including representatives from most of their accepted genera. We focused on generating a DNA sequence dataset of plastid matK gene–3’trnK exon and trnL– trnF regions and nuclear ribosomal ITS1–5.8S gene–ITS2 and ETS that was taxonomically overlapping as completely as possible (altogether 257 species). The idea was to infer whether phylogenetic trees or certain clades based on plastid and nuclear DNA data correspond with each other or discord, revealing signatures of past hybridization. The datasets were analysed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Instances of severe conflicts between the phylogenetic trees derived from both datasets, some of which have been noted earlier, unambiguously point to hybrid origin of several lineages (subtribes, groups of genera, sometimes genera) such as Phalaridinae, Scolochloinae, Sesleriinae, Torreyochloinae; Arctopoa, Castellia, Graphephorum, Hyalopodium, Lagurus, Macrobriza, Puccinellia plus Sclerochloa, Sesleria, Tricholemma, American Trisetum, etc. and presumably Airinae, Holcinae and Phleinae. ‘Calamagrostis’ flavens appears to be an intergeneric hybrid between Agrostis and Calamagrostis. Most frequently there is good agreement of other regions of the trees, apart from intrinsic different phylogenetic resolution of the respective DNA markers. To explore the to date rather unclear morphological evolution of our study group a data matrix encompassing finally 188 characters was analysed for ancestral state reconstructions (ASR) using the tree from the combined molecular dataset as presumably best approximation to the species phylogeny. For 74 characters ASRs were feasible and yielded partly surprising results for the study group as a whole but also for some of their subdivisions. Considering taxonomy and classification it became evident, that many morphological characters show a very high degree of homoplasy and are seemingly able to change within comparatively short timespans in the evolution of our grasses. Most of the taxonomic units distinguished within our study group, e.g. as subtribes, are defined less by consistent morphological characters or character combinations and should be rather understood as clades revealed by molecular phylogenetic analysis. One reason for this extreme homoplasy concerning traditionally highly rated characters of inflorescences or spikelets and their components might be that they have little to do with pollination (always wind) or adaptation to pollinators as in other angiosperms but rather with dispersal and diaspores. Easily changing structure of spikelet disarticulation, of glume, lemma or awn characters might be advantageous in the rapid adaptation to different habitats and micro-habitats, which was evidently most successfully accomplished by these grasses. A partly revised classification of Poodae is presented, including a re-instatement of tribes Aveneae and Poeae s.str. Following a comparatively narrow delineation of preferably monophyletic subtribes, Antinoriinae, Avenulinae, Brizochloinae, Helictochloinae, Hypseochloinae are described as new. New genera are Arctohyalopoa and Hyalopodium. New combinations are Arctohyalopoa lanatiflora, A. lanatiflora subsp. ivanoviae, A. lanatiflora subsp. momica, Colpodium biebersteinianum, C. kochii, C. trichopodum, C. verticillatum, Deschampsia micrathera, Dupontia fulva, Festuca masafuerana, Hyalopodium araraticum, Paracolpodium baltistanicum, Parapholis cylindrica, P. ×pauneroi. Festuca masatierrae is a new name.Supporting Information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.

Disentangling the taxonomy of the Galactia-Camptosema- Collaea complex with new generic circumscriptions in the Galactia clade (Leguminosae, Diocleae)

Neodiversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-94
Author(s):  
Luciano P. Queiroz ◽  
◽  
Ana C.S. Oliveira ◽  
Cristiane Snak
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The Galactia clade is one of three major lineages of the papilionoid legume tribe Diocleae. It comprises eight genera and approximately 140 species almost entirely restricted to the Americas. Establishing stable generic boundaries within this clade has been a challenge because of its tortuous taxonomic history and the broad polyphyly of the genera of the so-called Galactia-Camptosema-Collaea complex. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies revealed some well-supported lineages, but did not advance towards any new taxonomic arrangements. We carried out maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset including our previously published multilocus molecular data (nrITS and ETS and plastid trnK/matK and trnT-Y regions) and 82 morphological characters. The resulting topologies largely concur with those previously reported based on molecular data only, where Camptosema and Galactia appear as broadly polyphyletic, with species scattered among five (Camptosema) and seven (Galactia) of the twelve lineages that are newly recognized here at genus level. We are therefore proposing the following new taxonomic rearrangements within the Galactia clade: descriptions of the new genera Caetangil, Cerradicola, Mantiqueira, and Nanogalactia; resurrection of Betencourtia; and the subsuming of Neorudolphia into Rhodopis and of Camptosema sect. Macropetalum into Cratylia.

scholarly journals The Phalangopsidae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea) of the Seychelles Archipelago: Taxonomy of an ecological radiation

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5047 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-246
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN HUGEL ◽  
BEN H. WARREN ◽  
LAURE DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Ecological Radiation ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The Phalangopsidae crickets (Grylloidea) of the Seychelles are examined following extensive field sampling on several main islands of the archipelago (Mahé, Silhouette, Praslin, La Digue). Despite the small area of these islands, six genera (12 species) are documented, including one new genus and five new species. The type species of the genus Seychellesia Bolivar, 1912 is transferred to the genus Paragryllodes Karny, 1909 as Paragryllodes nitidula (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. The other species described in Seychellesia are transferred to the genus Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., as Seselia longicercata (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. and Seselia patellifera (Bolivar, 1912) n. comb. Two new species are also described in the genus Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., Seselia coccofessei Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. (type species of the genus) and Seselia matyoti Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. The genera Phaeogryllus Bolivar, 1912 and Phalangacris Bolivar, 1895 are redescribed, including Phalangacris ferlegro Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. and Phalangacris sotsote Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. that are new to science. The genus Gryllapterus Bolivar, 1912 is redescribed and transferred from the Landrevinae (Gryllidae) to the Cachoplistinae (Phalangopsidae). New tribes are defined for the genus Paragryllodes (Paragryllodini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribe) on the one hand, and for Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., Phalangacris, Phaeogryllus and Gryllapterus (Seselini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribe) on the other, using morphological characters and the results of molecular phylogenetic studies (Warren et al. 2019). Phaloria (Papuloria) insularis (Bolivar, 1912) (Phaloriinae) is redescribed and restricted to Mahé, and its calling song is documented for the first time, while Phaloria (Papuloria) bolivari Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. is newly described from Silhouette. Identification keys are proposed for the genera of Seselini Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. tribe, and for the species of Seselia Hugel & Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen. and Phalangacris. The confusion between the Mogoplistidae Ornebius succineus Bolivar, 1912 and the Phalangopsidae Heterotrypus succineus Bolivar, 1910 is discussed, and the name Subtiloria succineus (Bolivar, 1912) considered a nomen nudum.  

scholarly journals The occurrence of three species of the genus Oscheius Andrássy, 1976 (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Valizadeh ◽  
Shila Goldasteh ◽  
Zahra Rafiei-Karahroodi ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Bayesian Posterior Probability ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

AbstractDue to importance and effectiveness of some entomopathogenic or insect parasitic nematodes in controlling of agricultural pests, or pests of non-agricultural plants, a study was conducted in order to identify the species of this group of nematodes in city of Tehran. As the result, three species belonging to the genusOscheiuswere recovered in association with bark samples having the bark beetle galleries. Morphological and molecular data were provided for two recently recovered species of the genus, namelyO. necromenusandO. onirici. Molecular data were also provided for a recently recovered isolate ofO. tipulae. All three species were recovered in association with bark samples collected from dead trees in the city of Tehran. Morphological characters and morphometric data of the two aforementioned species are in accordance with the data given in their original descriptions. One recovered individual from a small bark sample characterized by its short body length was sequenced for its 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA loci, and the results of BLAST search using the newly obtained partial sequences revealed that it belonged toO. tipulae. Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed recently sequenced Iranian populations ofO. oniriciandO. tipulaeforming a clade with other isolates/populations of these species in ITS tree with maximal Bayesian posterior probability (BPP), and presently sequenced isolates ofO. tipulaeandO. necromenusform a clade with other isolates of these species in 28S tree. The two speciesO. oniriciandO. necromenuswere reported in Iran for the first time.

scholarly journals Advances in the phylogeny of the South American cool-season grass genus Chascolytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae): a new infrageneric classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Nogueira Da Silva ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
João Ricardo Vieira Iganci ◽  
Tatiana Teixeira De Souza-Chies
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Chascolytrum, as currently circumscribed, includes 22–23 South American species that were previously included in nine different genera (Chascolytrum, Briza, Poidium, Calotheca, Microbriza, Gymnachne, Rhombolytrum, Lombardochloa and Erianthecium). Due to the remarkable morphological diversity, the relationships in Chascolytrum s.l. have remained poorly understood, and no infrageneric classification could be proposed based on the latest molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, we combined molecular (GBSSI, trnL-trnL-trnF and rps16 intron) and morphological characters to investigate the phylogenetic relationships in Chascolytrum s.l. Based on this, morphologically diagnosable clades were recognized as eight sections (Calotheca, Chascolytrum, Hildaea, Lombardochloa, Microbriza, Obovatae, Poidium and Tricholemma), of which three are new and three are monospecific. We describe each section and discuss the new infrageneric classification in comparison with the previous infrageneric classification proposed for the group under the genus Briza. A taxonomic key and images for most of the species in each section are provided. Last, the use of single-copy nuclear genes and morphological data for future phylogenetic reconstructions encompassing Chascolytrum is highlighted.

Phylogenetic studies in the South American tribe Dichroplini (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae): is the Paranaense-Pampeano informal genus group a natural clade?

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2174 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. DINGHI ◽  
V. CONFALONIERI ◽  
M. M. CIGLIANO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Group A

The Dichroplini genera Scotussa, Leiotettix, Ronderosia, Atrachelacris, Chlorus, Eurotettix and Dichromatos have been grouped into the “Paranaense-Pampeano” informal genus group, based on characters of the male genitalia. However, recent molecular phylogenetic analyses showed weak support values or no support at all for this group. In this study, we used molecular and morphological characters to test the monophyly of this informal genus group. Morphological characters included aspects of the general morphology, and male and female genitalia as well. Whereas the molecular data was based on one mitochondrial gene: cytochrome oxidase I. Independent and combined phylogenetic analyses of the data were performed under both unweighted and implied weighting parsimony. Our results showed that, when only molecular data is considered, the “Paranaense-Pampeano” informal genus group is not recovered. However, the group is monophyletic according to morphological and combined analyses. The “Paranaense-Pampeano” informal genus group is considered to be a natural clade; therefore, we propose the genus group name Scotussae. As a final remark, the molecular data provided in most cases the same evidence of relationships as morphology.

Molecular phylogenetic studies of Turkish boletes with emphasis on some recently described species

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuat Bozok ◽  
Boris Assyov ◽  
Hatıra TaşKın ◽  
Hasan Hüseyin Doğan ◽  
Saadet Büyükalaca
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Area

The paper presents the results of the first molecular phylogenetic assessment of ITS rDNA sequences of members of the family Boletaceae in Turkey. The still little-known species Neoboletus xanthopus and Rubroboletus demonensis are discussed based on Turkish records, which are second after their original description. Data suggest that N. xanthopus may be much more vari- able than currently known, especially what concerns the perceived distinguishing characters from N. erythropus. In addition, first collections of Rubroboletus lupinus s. l. in Turkey are also studied, showing some genetic distinction, seemingly related to the recently communicated from adjacent countries in the Eastern Mediterranean area. An updated key for identification of Turkish and extra-limital European boletes from the former Boletus s. l. is included, based on macroscopic and micro-morphological characters.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny, morphology and their implications for the taxonomy of Eriocaulaceae

Rodriguésia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Giulietti ◽  
Maria José G. Andrade ◽  
Vera L. Scatena ◽  
Marcelo Trovó ◽  
Alessandra I. Coan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
New World ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Anatomical Characters

The pantropical family Eriocaulaceae includes ten genera and c. 1,400 species, with diversity concentrated in the New World. The last complete revision of the family was published more than 100 years ago, and until recently the generic and infrageneric relationships were poorly resolved. However, a multi-disciplinary approach over the last 30 years, using morphological and anatomical characters, has been supplemented with additional data from palynology, chemistry, embryology, population genetics, cytology and, more recently, molecular phylogenetic studies. This led to a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships within the family. In this paper we present new data for the ITS and trnL-F regions, analysed separately and in combination, using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The data confirm previous results, and show that many characters traditionally used for differentiating and circumscribing the genera within the family are homoplasious. A new generic key with characters from various sources and reflecting the current taxonomic changes is presented.

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