scholarly journals Genetic confirmation of Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) in the Czech Republic, its conservation significance and biogeographic context

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
Alena Sucháčková Bartoňová ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Zdeněk Faltýnek Fric ◽  
Martin Konvička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
South Bohemia

We report here the first molecular evidence for the occurrence of Aricia artaxerxes (Fabricius, 1793) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in the Czech Republic. In Central Europe, this species may co-occur with its more common sibling, Aricia agestis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775). We sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 of darkly-coloured, putative A. artaxerxes specimens in the Czech Republic. We confirmed A. artaxerxes only from a limestone area in South Bohemia (Vyšenské kopce National Nature Reserve), which is probably the only locality of the species in the Czech Republic. This area is located at ca. 550 m A.S.L., showing that the elevation overlap with A. agestis could be high in Central Europe. Other surveyed individuals were confirmed as A. agestis, with a minimum p-distance of 1.98% between the two species. The South Bohemian area of occurrence is probably highly isolated (approx. 190 km) from localities of the species in neighbouring countries, highlighting the conservation importance of the A. artaxerxes population and of the insular calcareous areas in the Šumava Mountains foothills. We used database sequences of A. artaxerxes to place the Czech population into a wider phylogeographic context. The Czech population is monomorphic, consisting of a single haplotype, which is present from Scandinavia through Germany to Central Asia.

scholarly journals Cinara splendens (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae)—First Record in Palaearctic Region

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Jan Havelka ◽  
Jekaterina Havelka ◽  
Petr Starý
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
South Bohemia

Nearctic aphid Cinara splendens (Gillette and Palmer, 1924) was collected on ornamental Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in South Bohemia in 2009. It was the first record of this species in the Palaearctic region. The aim of this research was to study the bionomy of this species in Central Europe and to make descriptions of all available morphs, as previous morphological descriptions of C. splendens appeared to be incomplete. Six monitoring sites of this species were established in South Bohemia and were then regularly attended in the period of 2009–2019. The colonies of C. splendens were observed; its natural enemies and honeydew users were also registered. Aphids were collected for the microscope slide preparation, followed by the evaluation of thirty of the basic quantitative and seven qualitative morphological characteristics. Partial sequences of mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α were used to confirm morphology-based identification and to compare samples from the Czech Republic with those of North American origin. Cinarasplendens survived successfully under new ecological conditions, but its population density remained quite low, except for 2009 and 2019, due to a synergistic effect of the dry weather and very high population density of the adelgid Gilletteella coweni (Gillette, 1907), which is a key pest of Douglas fir in the Czech Republic. The principle predators were coccinellid beetles, while the aphidophagous hover flies were less abundant. Together with a weak ability to migrate due to a low number of alate viviparous females in population, C. splendens cannot be a potential pest of P. menziesii in Central Europe.

scholarly journals Records of Brown spot needle blight related to Lecanosticta acicola in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Palovčíková ◽  
M. Dvořák ◽  
M. Tomšovský
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lecanosticta Acicola ◽  
Needle Blight ◽  
South Bohemia ◽  
Brown Spot Needle Blight

There are two records of brown spot needle blight caused by <I>L. acicola</I> in the Czech Republic up to date. Disease was first reported on June 2007 in National Nature Reserve (NNR) Červená Blata, South Bohemia. A more recent discovery of <I>L. acicola</I> took place on August 2008 in the NNR Borkovická Blata. The disease was observed on 10-60 year old <I>Pinus rotundata</I>. Both locations with infected trees are situated inside nature conservation sites under strict protection regimes that are located approximately 50 km apart. In both sites, <I>L. acicola</I> occurred simultaneously with <I>Dothistroma septospora</I>, the red band needle blight causal agent on Scots pine (<I>Pinus sylvestris</I>), bog pine (<I>P. rotundata</I>) and their hybrid (<I>P. × digenea</I>). However, infections of both diseases on the same tree have not yet been observed.

Transitional Justice and Changing Memories of the Past in Central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Roman David
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Memories of wrongdoings are often viewed as an obstacle to reconciliation in divided societies. Is it due to the past or the present politics of the past? To examine the dilemma of essentialism versus presentism, this article investigates the impact of transitional justice on memories of wrongdoing. It theorizes that using different transitional justice strategies to deal with the same wrongdoing shapes memories in different ways. The theory is tested via vignette-based surveys in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, which adopted distinct lustration laws. The results show that wrongdoing is viewed through lustration laws, reflecting present power constellations, not history.

scholarly journals The impact of the air temperature on measuring the zenith angle during the year in the ground layer of the atmosphere for the needs of engineering surveying

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-488
Author(s):  
Tomáš Suk ◽  
Martin Štroner
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the results of over a year-long experiment dealing with a temperature measurement to calculate the theoretical effect of the atmosphere on the measured zenith angle in engineering surveying. The measurements were performed to determine the accurate and specific temperatures (temperature gradients), which can be recorded in different seasons in the low level of the atmosphere (up to 2 m above the ground, where most Engineering Surveying measurements take place) for the geographical area of Central Europe - specifically the Czech Republic. A numerical model was then applied to the resulting determined temperature gradients to calculate the path of the beam passing through an inhomogeneous atmosphere. From these values, the apparent vertical shifts caused by refraction in a given environment and time were finally determined.

scholarly journals A new specimen of Araucaria fricii from the early Coniacian of the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Jiří Kvaček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Bohemian Massif ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Bohemian Cretaceous Basin ◽  
Cone Scale

A specimen of Araucaria fricii is described from the upper part of the Teplice Formation in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. It extends the first occurrence of A. fricii from the mid-Coniacian back to the early Coniacian. Found in the Radovesice locality near Kučlín in the northern part of the Czech Republic, it is characterised by a deltoid cone scale complex with a centrally placed seed. It is compared to the type material of A. fricii from the mid-Coniacian Březno Formation and other European Cretaceous species of Araucaria. The taphonomy and palaeoecology of A. fricii is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Predicted climate change will increase the truffle cultivation potential in central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Čejka ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
Paul J. Krusic ◽  
Ulrich Stobbe ◽  
Daniel Oliach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Warming

AbstractClimate change affects the distribution of many species, including Burgundy and Périgord truffles in central and southern Europe, respectively. The cultivation potential of these high-prized cash crops under future warming, however, remains highly uncertain. Here we perform a literature review to define the ecological requirements for the growth of both truffle species. This information is used to develop niche models, and to estimate their cultivation potential in the Czech Republic under current (2020) and future (2050) climate conditions. The Burgundy truffle is already highly suitable for cultivation on ~ 14% of agricultural land in the Czech Republic (8486 km2), whereas only ~ 8% of the warmest part of southern Moravia are currently characterised by a low suitability for Périgord truffles (6418 km2). Though rising temperatures under RCP8.5 will reduce the highly suitable cultivation areas by 7%, the 250 km2 (3%) expansion under low-emission scenarios will stimulate Burgundy truffles to benefit from future warming. Doubling the moderate and expanding the highly suitable land by 352 km2 in 2050, the overall cultivation potential for Périgord truffles will rise substantially. Our findings suggest that Burgundy and Périgord truffles could become important high-value crops for many regions in central Europe with alkaline soils. Although associated with uncertainty, long-term investments in truffle cultivation could generate a wide range of ecological and economic benefits.

Calcium and strontium isotope dynamics in three polluted forest ecosystems of the Czech Republic, Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 536 ◽  
pp. 119472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Novak ◽  
Chris Holmden ◽  
Juraj Farkaš ◽  
Pavel Kram ◽  
Jakub Hruska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
The Czech Republic

scholarly journals Relation of genetic phylogeny and geographical distance of tick-borne encephalitis virus in central Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1906-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weidmann ◽  
D. Růžek ◽  
K. Křivanec ◽  
G. Zöller ◽  
S. Essbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the most important arboviral agent causing disease of the central nervous system in central Europe. In this study, 61 TBEV E gene sequences derived from 48 isolates from the Czech Republic, and four isolates and nine TBEV strains detected in ticks from Germany, covering more than half a century from 1954 to 2009, were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and Bayesian phylodynamic analysis to determine the phylogeography of TBEV in central Europe. The general Eurasian continental east-to-west pattern of the spread of TBEV was confirmed at the regional level but is interlaced with spreading that arises because of local geography and anthropogenic influence. This spread is reflected by the disease pattern in the Czech Republic that has been observed since 1991. The overall evolutionary rate was estimated to be approximately 8×10−4 substitutions per nucleotide per year. The analysis of the TBEV E genes of 11 strains isolated at one natural focus in Žďár Kaplice proved for the first time that TBEV is indeed subject to local evolution.

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