scholarly journals Development evaluation of nature reserves under China’s forestry department: A spatiotemporal empirical study at the province level

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Projection Pursuit ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Differential Construction

It is important to evaluate the development level of nature reserves. In this study, we aimed to assess the development level of nature reserves under the administration of China’s forestry department in 31 provincial-level regions from 2005 to 2017 (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province). For this purpose, we analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of nature reserve development in different regions using projection pursuit and spatial econometric methods. In terms of temporal distribution, the development level of nature reserves has been steadily improving, and the growth rate showed the trend of “strong fast” and “weak slow”. However, the development gap among different provinces is large. In terms of spatial distribution, the development of nature reserves presented the characteristics of “high in the west and low in the east” and “high in the north and south and low in the middle.” The endowment of natural resources, scientific research, and investment has a considerable effect on the development level of nature reserves. This study provides suggestions for the differential construction and sustainable development of nature reserves in China.

Assessment of Turbulent Processes in Lake Kinneret by the Two-Dimensional Reservoir Water Quality Model “Better”

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Oziransky ◽  
B. Shteinman
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
The North ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients

Data of high spatial and temporal resolution, and a special sampling program are essential for successful application of mathematical models designed to reproduce observed seasonal patterns of temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, pH, and algal biomass for both vertical and longitudinal gradients in a water body. Lake Kinneret suspended solids are of great potential value for estimating transport, exposure to water body elements, and fate of many toxic substances. Therefore the distribution of admixtures in two longitudinal and five vertical segmentation schemes were examined with the two-dimensional water body quality box model “BETTER” (Bender et al, 1990). The transects were taken in the north-western part of Lake Kinneret close to the Jordan River mouth and the National Water Carrier (NWC) head pumping station. The outflow volumes were given according to regular sampling of natural speed of water outflow from different lake layers under calm conditions. Temporal distribution of mixing concentrations as well as turbulent diffusion horizontal coefficients due to the spatial distribution of turbulent scale were obtained during the model's run with the December 1991 data.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Distribution Variation of Ground-Level Ozone in China’s Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
An Zhang ◽  
Jinhuang Lin ◽  
Wenhui Chen ◽  
Mingshui Lin ◽  
Chengcheng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
The North

Long-term exposure to ozone pollution will cause severe threats to residents’ physical and mental health. Ground-level ozone is the most severe air pollutant in China’s Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (PRD). It is of great significance to accurately reveal the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of ozone pollution exposure patterns. We used the daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration data from PRD’s 55 air quality monitoring stations in 2015 as input data. We used six models of STK and ordinary kriging (OK) for the simulation of ozone concentration. Then we chose a better ozone pollution prediction model to reveal the ozone exposure characteristics of the PRD in 2015. The results show that the Bilonick model (BM) model had the highest simulation precision for ozone in the six models for spatial–temporal kriging (STK) interpolation, and the STK model’s simulation prediction results are significantly better than the OK model. The annual average ozone concentrations in the PRD during 2015 showed a high spatial variation in the north and east and low in the south and west. Ozone concentrations were relatively high in summer and autumn and low in winter and spring. The center of gravity of ozone concentrations tended to migrate to the north and west before moving to the south and then finally migrating to the east. The ozone’s spatial autocorrelation was significant and showed a significant positive correlation, mainly showing high-high clustering and low-low clustering. The type of clustering undergoes temporal migration and conversion over the four seasons, with spatial autocorrelation during winter the most significant.

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Simon N.M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
National Security ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Law

The Law of the People's Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (NSL) was passed on June 30, 2020 by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC). It did not have immediate direct effect in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). After consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR (BLC) and the Government of the HKSAR (HKSARG), the NPCSC added the NSL to Annex III of The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (Basic Law) before the Chief Executive of the HKSAR (Chief Executive) promulgated the NSL for local application. All this happened on June 30, enabling the NSL to enter into force at 11 p.m., just ahead of the twenty-third anniversary of the establishment of the HKSAR on July 1, 2020.

Political radicalization and fragmentation of the democratic blocs and the legislative council elections in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-384
Author(s):  
Chung Fun Steven Hung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legislative Council ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Country Two Systems ◽  
Historical Comparative

Purpose After direct elections were instituted in Hong Kong and the sovereignty was transferred from Britain to China, politicization inevitably followed democratization. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the pro-democratic political parties’ politics in Hong Kong in recent history. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted through a historical comparative analysis, within the context of Hong Kong after the sovereignty handover and the interim period of crucial democratization. Findings With the implementation of “One country, Two systems,” political democratization was hindered in Hong Kong’s transformation. The democratic forces have no alternative but to seek more radicalized politics, which has caused a decisive and ineluctable fragmentation of the local political parties. Originality/value This paper explores and evaluates the political history of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under “One country, Two systems” and the ways in which the limited democratization hinders the progress of Hong Kong’s transformation.

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