scholarly journals Progress in Construction of Animal Trait Ontologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangning Wang ◽  
Congtian Lin ◽  
Yan Han ◽  
Xiongwei Huang ◽  
TianYu Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Trait Ontology ◽  
Biodiversity Databases

Extracting and formulating an animal trait ontology is the basis of building a trait database. The character selection from existing traditional biodiversity databases is limited and biased by the information already in a collection. With the increasing amount of character data and the advance of character information acquisition projects, the success of making animal trait ontologies or specifications of terms is imminent. According to the general workflow of our ontology project, after investigating a large number of biodiversity databases, we extracted relatively complete character terms from dictionaries, training handbooks, journals and classical textbooks, and then constructed relationships according to some rules to form a preliminary animal trait ontology. When formulating the domain ontology/specification, our process is as follows: Select the group and related materials; select the "specification" as the starting point of work; and then supplement with the teaching materials, journal citations and dictionaries of the relevant group for reference; Extract terms from multiple sources, so only a few additions and modifications are needed after the second time; Make structural adjustments to all terms according to the specification of description sequence; Invite experts to examine and approve the project and repeat steps 2 and 3 (sometimes beginning from step 1) according to their opinions until they are approved. Select the group and related materials; select the "specification" as the starting point of work; and then supplement with the teaching materials, journal citations and dictionaries of the relevant group for reference; Extract terms from multiple sources, so only a few additions and modifications are needed after the second time; Make structural adjustments to all terms according to the specification of description sequence; Invite experts to examine and approve the project and repeat steps 2 and 3 (sometimes beginning from step 1) according to their opinions until they are approved. At present, we have completed the construction of terms and their relationships for a morphological description of feature ontologies in birds, mammals, insects (only Lepidoptera), amphibians and reptiles. While constructing such morphology / taxonomy-based ontologies, we also formulated their attributes, which are supplemented by ontologies in various fields. All these terms are undergoing the second review by domain experts. Although the existing work is only one small tip of the iceberg of the whole zoological trait ontology project, it is of great public interest. Compared with existing ontologies such as OBA (ontology of biological attributes, for development researchers) and UBERON (for surgeons), our ontologies are more suitable for taxonomists and biodiversity researchers.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen Clusters Detected in Azores Archipelago, Portugal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Silveira ◽  
Miguel Pinto ◽  
Joana Isidro ◽  
Ângela Pista ◽  
Patrícia Themudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Analysis

Gastrointestinal infections caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) remain one of the main causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Within the multiple existing Salmonella enterica serovars, the serovar Rissen is rarely reported, particularly as a cause of human salmonellosis. Between 2015 and 2017, the Portuguese National Reference Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Infections observed an increase in the number of clinical cases caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica serovar Rissen, particularly from the Azores archipelago. In the present study, we analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) all clinical, animal, food, and environmental isolates received up to 2017 in the Portuguese Reference Laboratories. As such, through a wgMLST-based gene-by-gene analysis, we aimed to identify potential epidemiological clusters linking clinical and samples from multiple sources, while gaining insight into the genetic diversity of S. enterica serovar Rissen. We also investigated the genetic basis driving the observed multidrug resistance. By integrating 60 novel genomes with all publicly available serovar Rissen genomes, we observed a low degree of genetic diversity within this serovar. Nevertheless, the majority of Portuguese isolates showed high degree of genetic relatedness and a potential link to pork production. An in-depth analysis of these isolates revealed the existence of two major clusters from the Azores archipelago composed of MDR isolates, most of which were resistant to at least five antimicrobials. Considering the well-known spread of MDR between gastrointestinal bacteria, the identification of MDR circulating clones should constitute an alert to public health authorities. Finally, this study constitutes the starting point for the implementation of the “One Health” approach for Salmonella surveillance in Portugal.

scholarly journals A Comparative Process Mining Analysis of Road Trauma Patient Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3426
Author(s):  
Robert Andrews ◽  
Moe T. Wynn ◽  
Kirsten Vallmuur ◽  
Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede ◽  
Emma Bosley
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Process Modelling ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Patient Pathways ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Automated Process

In this paper we report on key findings and lessons from a process mining case study conducted to analyse transport pathways discovered across the time-critical phase of pre-hospital care for persons involved in road traffic crashes in Queensland (Australia). In this study, a case is defined as being an individual patient’s journey from roadside to definitive care. We describe challenges in constructing an event log from source data provided by emergency services and hospitals, including record linkage (no standard patient identifier), and constructing a unified view of response, retrieval, transport and pre-hospital care from interleaving processes of the individual service providers. We analyse three separate cohorts of patients according to their degree of interaction with Queensland Health’s hospital system (C1: no transport required, C2: transported but no Queensland Health hospital, C3: transported and hospitalisation). Variant analysis and subsequent process modelling show high levels of variance in each cohort resulting from a combination of data collection, data linkage and actual differences in process execution. For Cohort 3, automated process modelling generated ’spaghetti’ models. Expert-guided editing resulted in readable models with acceptable fitness, which were used for process analysis. We also conduct a comparative performance analysis of transport segment based on hospital ‘remoteness’. With regard to the field of process mining, we reach various conclusions including (i) in a complex domain, the current crop of automated process algorithms do not generate readable models, however, (ii) such models provide a starting point for expert-guided editing of models (where the tool allows) which can yield models that have acceptable quality and are readable by domain experts, (iii) process improvement opportunities were largely suggested by domain experts (after reviewing analysis results) rather than being directly derived by process mining tools, meaning that the field needs to become more prescriptive (automated derivation of improvement opportunities).

CO2 and CH4 observations surrounding Beijing to to distinguish possible emission processes and locations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. William Munger ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Chris Nielsen ◽  
Michael B. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The North ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Starting Point

<p>CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> are radiatively important trace gases closely associated with human activity particularly in urban emission hotspots. Through rapid development and economic growth China has become a major source of CO<sub>2</sub>. CO<sub>2</sub> emission inventories for China are becoming increasingly accurate. CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in China are not as well characterized, though for various reasons, including; Chinese policies mandating conversion from coal to natural gas for district heating, intensification of agriculture, and the large volumes of urban waste that must be managed, it is likely CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from Chinese urban centers could be significant. As part of an ongoing Tsinghua – Harvard collaboration we have set up a pair of atmospheric observatories to the north and south of Beijing. The northern site (Miyun) is 75km NNE and the southern site, Dashiwo, is 63 km SSW of the center of Beijing. Miyun has been in semi continuous operation since 2005. Miyun was located to sample Beijing urban outflow as well as clean airmasses depending on wind direction. Dashiwo is located primarily to capture the polluted air coming into Beijing from Hebei province, though it will also be influenced at times by cleaner airmasses coming over the mountains on the western edge of the basin. The high accuracy and precision measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> that are the focus of this presentation started in May 2018. Observations at Dahsiwo started in November 2019.For this presentation we focus on quantifying the magnitudes of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in urban-influenced air masses and their enhancements relative to clean background air. The correlations between CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> and their relationships to other air pollutant tracers including SO2, NOx/NOy, and CO provide constraints on potential sources for these gases. Through back trajectory analysis the source regions can be distinguished. As expected, both sites have enhanced mixing ratios of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>. Median CO<sub>2</sub> during the overlapping period Nov. Dec. 2019 is 430, and 459 ppm at Miyun and Dashiwo. Median CH<sub>4</sub> is 2036 and 2228 ppb. Outside the growing season when CO<sub>2</sub> is influenced by vegetation uptake the CH<sub>4</sub>:CO<sub>2</sub> ratio is 6.1 ppb:ppm. The Dashiwo data are bounded by the same slope, but have more scatter due to periods with elevated CH<sub>4</sub> but not CO<sub>2</sub>. A tight correlation for CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4 </sub>at Miyun suggests a single predominant combustion or respiration source type, while variability in the Dashiwo observations suggests multiple sources including some rich in CH<sub>4</sub> that are not combustion or respiration. Identification of major CH<sub>4</sub> sources is a starting point for choosing mitigation options.</p>

scholarly journals La evaluación continuada como instrumento para el ajuste de la ayuda pedagógica y la enseñanza de competencias de autorregulación

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
César Coll, et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Credit Transfer ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Accumulation System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Psychology Course ◽  
The University

En este trabajo se presenta y discute un sistema de evaluación que permite al profesor obtener múltiples evidencias de las habilidades y conocimientos de los alumnos y optimizar la tutorización, el seguimiento y el apoyo al aprendizaje. La experiencia de innovación ha tenido lugar durante el curso 2005-06 en tres grupos experimentales de la asignatura de Psicología de la Educación, una asignatura troncal de la Licenciatura de Psicología diseñada en coherencia con European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) en la Universidad de Barcelona. La presentación del sistema de evaluación se utiliza como punto de partida para una reflexión más amplia sobre algunos criterios que deberían contemplarse, a juicio de los autores, en el diseño de sistemas de evaluación vinculados a la construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.AbstractThis article presents and discusses an evaluation system that enables the teacher to obtain data of the students’ abilities and knowledge from multiple sources, in order to optimize the tutoring, the follow-up and the learning support. This innovative experience took place during the academic year 2005-2006. Three groups from the Educational Psychology course took part in the study. Educational Psychology is a key subject in the curriculum for the Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology, designed at the University of Barcelona in compliance with the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). The presentation of this evaluation system intends to be the starting point toward a deeper reflection regarding the criterion that, according to the authors, should be taken into account when designing evaluation systems in connection with the creation of the European Space of Higher Education.

Desain Lembar Kerja Siswa Materi Sistem Persamaan Dua Variabel Berorientasi Etnomatematika

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Drajat Friansyah ◽  
Maria Luthfiana
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Two Stages

This study aims to explain the steps in designing teaching materials in the form of LKS oriented Etnomatematics on SPLDV material using the first two stages of the ADDIE development model. The method used by the writer in designing teaching materials is a part or the first two stages of the ADDIE development model which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis stage aims to identify the curriculum, student characteristics, the need for instructional materials, while the design stage is to design the LKS framework and research instruments. The results of the study are ethnomatematics concepts that can be integrated into learning by presenting in LKS, namely, the unit of calculation in buying and selling transactions in traditional markets in the form of "secanting and setembuk ", besides that  Lubuklinggau's typical batik motif is durian motif. The ethnomatematics context becomes the starting point in the learning process presented in the LKS on SPLDV material, so that mathematics learning can be more meaningful. In Conclusion, a good quality of Mathematics learning must be supported by various aspects, one of the main aspects is professional teacher who is able to utilize various learning resources and develop teaching materials (LKS) by utilizing the daily cultural context (ethnomatematics) experienced by students, thus the  process of meaningful mathematics learning occurs and grows awareness of students to appreciate local wisdom and culture in this case the culture of Lubuklinggau.  Keyword: etnomatematika, SPLDV

scholarly journals Impact of Information on Food Stocking during Early Period of COVID-19 Outbreak: Survey Exploration between Canada and US Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yuanfang Lin ◽  
Xuezhu Wang ◽  
Tirtha Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Situation Assessment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Media Source

We summarize the exploration results from a survey study that asks Canada and U.S. consumers questions related to their acquisition and processing of information related to the COVID-19 pandemic, situation assessment at the beginning of outbreak, as well as food shopping and stocking behavior during the lockdown. Our analyses identified unique factors influencing consumers’ situation assessment and stockpiling decisions that are going along with the emerging social and cultural trends over the past two decades. These include the wide reach of internet-based media, multiple sources of information in terms of different media types, media languages as well as communication across country borders towards an individual’s immigration and other ethnicity background. Information obtained from social media sources is found to have statistically different impact on the initial situation assessment between Canada and U.S. customers. But learning COVID-19 news from non-English media source significantly increases the seriousness perception of consumers from both countries. Information acquisition from multiple language sources also makes a Canadian customer more likely to stockpiling food items. Consumers’ food stocking behavior from both countries are under the influence of societal and economic factors such as job security. Findings from our research contribute to the ongoing global efforts in mitigating COVID-19’s negative impact by generating effective policy and strategic recommendations for government and business communities to implement collaborative and constructive actions under the global pandemic.

Web Portal Gateways

2011 ◽  
pp. 1217-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Tatnall
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Base Site ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
E Mail ◽  
The Web

The term Web portal is overused and takes on a different meaning depending on the view of the author. This article will investigate the concept of a portal, the various types of portal, and how portals are currently being used. A Yahoo search of the Web in February 2004 revealed 85 million entries for the word portal, and even allowing for a considerable degree of overuse and overlap, portals are seen everywhere and span a bewildering range of topics and interest areas. It would be difficult to make any use of the Web without encountering one. In general terms, unrelated to the World Wide Web, the Macquarie Dictionary defines a portal as “a door, gate or entrance” (Macquarie Library, 1981, p. 1346). More specifically, a Web portal is seen as a special Internet (or intranet) site designed to act as a gateway to give access to other sites (Tatnall 2005a). A portal aggregates information from multiple sources and makes that information available to various users. In other words a portal is an all-in-one Web site whose prime purpose is to find, and to gain access to other sites, but also one that provides the services of a guide that can help to protect the user from the chaos of the Internet and direct them towards an eventual goal. More generally, however, a portal should be seen as providing a gateway, not just to sites on the Web, but to all network-accessible resources, whether involving intranets, extranets, or the Internet. In other words a portal offers centralised access to all relevant content and applications (Tatnall 2005b). Historically, the Web-portal concept probably developed out of search engine sites such as Yahoo!, Excite, and Lycos, which can now be classified as first-generation portals. These sites, however, quickly evolved into sites providing additional services such as e-mail, stock quotes, news, and community building rather than just search capabilities (Rao 2001). Eckerson (1999) outlines four generations of portals whose focus, in each case, is: generic, personalised, application, and role. The success of a portal depends on its ability to provide a base-site that users will keep returning to after accessing other related sites. As an entranceway onto the Web (or an intranet) it should be a preferred starting point for many of the things that a particular user wants to do there. A useful goal for those setting up a portal is to have it designated by many users as their browser start-up page.

Problem-based Learning in Pedagogic Tertiary Education: European Context Through Denmark Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s071-s084
Author(s):  
Anhelina Roliak ◽  
Hanna Dutka ◽  
Kostyantyn Mylytsya ◽  
Olena Matiienko ◽  
Natalia Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
College Programs

Nowadays every European knowledge-based society demands a highly qualified, competent workforce being able to adjust to modern innovative production. To educate such specialists is the aim of contemporary teachers. So efficient and innovative pedagogic education becomes an integral part of the European education system. The article deals with the analysis of problem-based technology in the modern system of Danish teacher training in pedagogical higher educational institutions. Analyzing works of European scientists and problem-based model of teacher education in Denmark, working with university and college programs and documents we came to the conclusion that principles of problem-based technology in professional teacher training are similar in the whole European educational environment and in general they may be described as an approach to learning and instruction that has the following characteristics: 1) the use of problems as the starting point for learning, 2) small-group collaboration, 3) flexible guidance of a tutor, 4) student-initiated learning, 5) time availability for self-study. The findings imply that well-designed problem-based learning may lead to better educational results. Multiple sources in Ukrainian, European, and Danish educational environments at various time points from 1990 till 2020 have been used in data collection for this study. Pedagogic education in Ukraine requires a substantial adjustment at the legislative, structural, and technological levels. European experience in this sphere of teacher education modernization can become a valuable asset of the comparative pedagogic science. This practice will lead to effective technological change in teacher professional training in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Functional morphology of the raptorial forelegs in Mantispa styriaca (Insecta: Neuroptera)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Büsse ◽  
Fabian Bäumler ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Predatory Strike ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Multifunctional Device ◽  
Biomechanical Investigation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Intrinsic Musculature ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

AbstractThe insect leg is a multifunctional device, varying tremendously in form and function within Insecta: from a common walking leg, to burrowing, swimming or jumping devices, up to spinning apparatuses or tools for prey capturing. Raptorial forelegs, as predatory striking and grasping devices, represent a prominent example for convergent evolution within insects showing strong morphological and behavioural adaptations for a lifestyle as an ambush predator. However, apart from praying mantises (Mantodea)—the most prominent example of this lifestyle—the knowledge on morphology, anatomy, and the functionality of insect raptorial forelegs, in general, is scarce. Here, we show a detailed morphological description of raptorial forelegs ofMantispa styriaca(Neuroptera), including musculature and the material composition in their cuticle; further, we will discuss the mechanism of the predatory strike. We could confirm all 15 muscles previously described for mantis lacewings, regarding extrinsic and intrinsic musculature, expanding it for one important new muscle—M24c. Combining the information from all of our results, we were able to identify a possible catapult mechanism (latch-mediated spring actuation system) as a driving force of the predatory strike, never proposed for mantis lacewings before. Our results lead to a better understanding of the biomechanical aspects of the predatory strike in Mantispidae. This study further represents a starting point for a comprehensive biomechanical investigation of the convergently evolved raptorial forelegs in insects.

Multimodal and alternative perception for the visually impaired: a survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Lun Khoo ◽  
Zhigang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Health Organization

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of navigational assistive technologies with various sensor modalities and alternative perception approaches for visually impaired people. It also examines the input and output of each technology, and provides a comparison between systems. Design/methodology/approach – The contributing authors along with their students thoroughly read and reviewed the referenced papers while under the guidance of domain experts and users evaluating each paper/technology based on a set of metrics adapted from universal and system design. Findings – After analyzing 13 multimodal assistive technologies, the authors found that the most popular sensors are optical, infrared, and ultrasonic. Similarly, the most popular actuators are audio and haptic. Furthermore, most systems use a combination of these sensors and actuators. Some systems are niche, while others strive to be universal. Research limitations/implications – This paper serves as a starting point for further research in benchmarking multimodal assistive technologies for the visually impaired and to eventually cultivate better assistive technologies for all. Social implications – Based on 2012 World Health Organization, there are 39 million blind people. This paper will have an insight of what kind of assistive technologies are available to the visually impaired people, whether in market or research lab. Originality/value – This paper provides a comparison across diverse visual assistive technologies. This is valuable to those who are developing assistive technologies and want to be aware of what is available as well their pros and cons, and the study of human-computer interfaces.

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