scholarly journals Dancing Tables: Digitizing 11,000 Film-based Slides in Ten Days

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e28093
Author(s):  
Lisa Palmer
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Data Staging ◽  
Image Conversion ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Remote Island

How long does it take to digitize 11,000 film-based slides? Converting film to a raster graphic may take a relatively short period of time, but what is needed to prepare for the process, and then once images are digitized, what work is required to push data out for public access? And how much does the entire conversion process cost? A case study of a rapid-capture digitization project at the Smithsonian Institution will be reviewed. In early 2016, the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) Division of Fishes acquired 10,559 film-based slides from world-renown ichthyologist John (Jack) Randall. The first-generation slides contain images of color patterns of hundreds of fish species with locality information for each specimen written on the cardboard slide mount. When Jack began his photography in the 1960’s, his images were at the forefront of color photography for fishes. He also collected specimens in remote island archipelagos in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, thus many localities were, and continue to be, rare. The species represented on the slide are important to the scientific community, and the collection event data written on the slide mount makes the image and its metadata an invaluable package of information. Upon receipt of Jack’s significant donation, the Division of Fishes received multiple requests from ichthyologists for digital access to the slides. The Division of Fishes immediately implemented a plan to digitally capture data. With many rapid-capture projects at the Smithsonian, the objects and specimens are digitized, and then at some later point, any associated data is transcribed. The Division approached this project differently in that the Randall collection was relatively small, and Smithsonian staff, primarily interns, were available to transcribe data before image conversion. Post-production work included hiring two contractors to import images and associated metadata into NMNH’s collections management system. This presentation will review our processes before, during, and after data conversion. Workflows include transcribing handwritten data, staging and digitizing film, and importing data into the EMu client as well as using redundancies to ensure quality of data.

scholarly journals Ongoing production of low-fitness hybrids limits range overlap between divergent cryptic species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Else K. Mikkelsen ◽  
Darren Irwin
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Female Specific

AbstractContact zones between recently-diverged taxa provide opportunities to examine the causes of reproductive isolation and to examine the processes that determine whether two species can coexist over a broad region. The Pacific Wren (Troglodytes pacificus) and the Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) are two morphologically similar songbird species that started diverging about 4 million years ago, older than most sister species pairs. The ranges of these species come into narrow contact in western Canada, where the two species remain distinct in sympatry. To assess evidence for differentiation, hybridization, and introgression in this system, we examined variation in over 250,000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed across the genomes of the two species. The two species formed highly divergent genetic clusters, consistent with long-term differentiation. In a set of 75 individuals from allopatry and sympatry, two first-generation hybrids (i.e., F1’s) were detected, indicating only moderate levels of assortative mating between these taxa. We found no recent backcrosses or F2’s or other evidence of recent breeding success of F1 hybrids, indicating very low or zero fitness of F1 hybrids. Examination of genomic variation shows evidence for only a single backcrossing event in the distant past. The sizeable rate of hybridization combined with very low fitness of F1 hybrids is expected to result in a population sink in the contact zone, largely explaining the narrow overlap of the two species. If such dynamics are common in nature, they could explain the narrow range overlap often observed between pairs of closely related species. Additionally, we present evidence for a rare duplication of a large chromosomal segment from an autosome to the W chromosome, the female-specific sex chromosome in birds.

First-Generation Women in Short Films

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-102
Author(s):  
Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
Potential Channels

This chapter examines key short films featuring Maghrebi migrant women in France through an analysis of objects such as letters, a play script, food, photographs, and clothing items. It highlights the extent to which such objects are crucial to giving expression to the experiences of Maghrebi women through this particular medium, where meaning must necessarily be communicated in a short period of time. These objects have multi-layered meanings and serve as potential channels for communication and understanding between first-generation women and people who are different from them, most notably because they have not shared the women’s experience of migration and exile and in many cases do not speak the women’s mother tongue. This analysis highlights the ways in which the women negotiate, navigate, and cross various cultural, linguistic, psychological, and spatial boundaries or barriers that exist in their lives. The cultural productions discussed in this chapter include films directed by Fejria Deliba, Ismaël Ferroukhi, Faïza Guène, and Catherine Bernstein.

Okinawa, 1972–1995: Life That Matters

Alegal ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
Annmaria M. Shimabuku
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Global World

This chapter examines the post-reversion era from 1972 to 1995. Along with reversion came the enforcement of the anti-prostitution law and the demise of Okinawa’s large-scale sex industry. The first generation of mixed-race individuals came of age and started speaking for themselves instead of allowing themselves to be spoken for. This was also a time when Okinawans started to look past the unfulfilled promises of the Japanese state for liberation and to conceptualize different forms of autonomy in the global world. This chapter reconsiders self-determination as a philosophical concept. In place of the imperative for a unified self and unified nation as the precondition for entry into selfhood and nationhood (i.e., the capacity for “self-determination”), this chapter revisits Matsushima Chōgi’s concept of the “Okinawan proletariat” to rethink the theoretical implications of Okinawa, as a borderland of the Pacific, where humans and non-human objects circulate. It appeals to Tosaka’s anti-idealist attempt to assign a different kind of agency to morphing matter and reads Tanaka Midori’s mixed-race memoir, My Distant Specter of a Father, for an example of a life that fails to unify before the state, but nonetheless continues to matter or be significant in the quality of its mutability.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Crawford Gribben
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Reconstruction ◽  
Christian Influence ◽  
Northern Idaho

The Introduction describes the revitalization of one of the most controversial religious and political movements in recent American history. During a period of significant demographic and cultural change, a large number of religious and political conservatives have migrated into the Pacific Northwest. Many of these migrants are influenced by the claims of Christian Reconstruction, or “theonomy.” From their base in northern Idaho, these latter-day theonomists are developing the work of R. J. Rushdoony, Gary North, and others of the first generation of the writers of Christian Reconstruction, reiterating their optimistic view of the future, an eschatological position known as postmillennialism, as well as their expectation that the expansion of Christian influence around the world will be marked by changes in government and by a widespread return to the demands of Old Testament law.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-150
Author(s):  
Crawford Gribben
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Marketplace Of Ideas ◽  
Moral Majority ◽  
Religious Conservatism ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Over Time

Paradoxically, the failure of the first generation of Christian Reconstructionists to cohere, either personally or ideologically, has worked in the movement’s favor, creating an internal marketplace of ideas by means of which competing groupings within political and religious conservatism have been able to appropriate and adopt their central arguments. Recognizing that a “moral majority” does not exist, and therefore abandoning the top-down political strategies of earlier evangelicals, the believers who participate in the migration to the Pacific Northwest work to build communities that will expand organically and over time to renew America and to replace the supposed neutrality of its legislative base. The project is working. But it is not clear whether the integrity of these ideas will continue as their audience base grows. Mass culture routinizes what was once regarded as radical, with effects that may not easily be predicted at the “end of white, Christian America.”

A new species of Axiopsis (Axiopsis) (Thalassinidea, Axiidae) from the Pacific coast of Colombia

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1885-1891
Author(s):  
H. J. Squires
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Female Paratypes ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
A New Species

Axiopsis (Axiopsis) baronai is a new species of Thalassinidea (family Axiidae) from the Pacific coast of Colombia in depths of 5–9 m with soft mud substrate. A male holotype and three female paratypes are deposited in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. D.C. Compared with other species of the genus it is large, reaching 94 mm total length (35 mm cl (measurement from the orbit to the posterior edge of the carapace in the midline dorsally)) in six specimens examined. It resembles A. (A.) consabrina but major differences include the similarity in size of first chelae. more spines on carinae of gastric region and only two or three spines laterally on the telson.

Removal of Systematic Model Bias on a Model Grid

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford F. Mass ◽  
Jeffrey Baars ◽  
Garrett Wedam ◽  
Eric Grimit ◽  
Richard Steed
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Grid Points

Abstract Virtually all numerical forecast models possess systematic biases. Although attempts to reduce such biases at individual stations using simple statistical corrections have met with some success, there is an acute need for bias reduction on the entire model grid. Such a method should be viable in complex terrain, for locations where gridded high-resolution analyses are not available, and where long climatological records or long-term model forecast grid archives do not exist. This paper describes a systematic bias removal scheme for forecast grids at the surface that is applicable to a wide range of regions and parameters. Using observational data and model forecasts over the Pacific Northwest, a method was developed to reduce the biases in gridded 2-m temperature, 2-m dewpoint temperature, and 12-h precipitation forecasts. The method first estimates bias at observing locations using errors from forecasts that are similar to the current forecast. These observed biases are then used to estimate bias on the model grid by pairing model grid points with stations that have similar elevation and/or land-use characteristics. Results show that this approach reduces bias substantially, particularly for periods when biases are large. Adaptations to weather regime changes are made within a short period, and the method essentially “shuts off” when model biases are small. With modest modifications, this approach can be extended to additional variables.

scholarly journals Data Preprocessing: The Techniques for Preparing Clean and Quality Data for Data Analytics Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (0203) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Ashish P. Joshi ◽  
Biraj V. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Preprocessing ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Data Conversion ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Integration Data

The model and pattern for real time data mining have an important role for decision making. The meaningful real time data mining is basically depends on the quality of data while row or rough data available at warehouse. The data available at warehouse can be in any format, it may huge or it may unstructured. These kinds of data require some process to enhance the efficiency of data analysis. The process to make it ready to use is called data preprocessing. There can be many activities for data preprocessing such as data transformation, data cleaning, data integration, data optimization and data conversion which are use to converting the rough data to quality data. The data preprocessing techniques are the vital step for the data mining. The analyzed result will be good as far as data quality is good. This paper is about the different data preprocessing techniques which can be use for preparing the quality data for the data analysis for the available rough data.

Discussion of “Proposed use of the T phase in tsunami warning systems”*

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
L. Don Leet
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
T Phase

Abstract Ewing, Tolstoy, and Press of Columbia University reported that “a striking correlation between the occurrence of a short-period earthquake phase (T phase) traveling through the ocean with the speed of sound in sea water and the occurrence of tsunamis has been observed.” Their statements about the characteristics of T are incorrect in every essential detail. For the Pacific Ocean, they list five tsunami between 1933 and 1946, of which the largest, on April 1, 1946, was generated by an earthquake for which no T was recorded. They neglect to mention the earthquake of January 23, 1938, near Hawaii, which produced the largest T recorded on the Pacific coast to date, but no tsunami. The importance of these outstanding exceptions, errors in reporting the data, and uncertainty concerning the actual number of T phases recorded on the Pacific coast combine to make the evidence for any value of T as a tsunami warning decidedly inconclusive. In the Atlantic, the proposal that T be used as a tsunami warning reduces to an absurdity. Ewing, Tolstoy, and Press state that between 1939 and 1948 “20 Dominican Republic shocks produced T phases,” and that one of them was followed by a definite tsunami. Actually, more than 200 Dominican Republic shocks produced T within that span of years, and many in other Atlantic regions. With one minor tsunami among 200 to 250 T phases, the correlation is not impressive.

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