scholarly journals Ypsolopha chicoi sp. n., the second representative of the widespread micromoth genus Ypsolopha Latreille (Lepidoptera, Ypsolophidae) from the Andes of northern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Morphological Differences

The largest number of species of the widespread and highly diverse micromoth genus Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796 (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea, Ypsolophidae) is known from the Northern Hemisphere. Only seven species have been described from the Neotropical Region, two of which occur in Chile. The adult stage of Ypsolopha chicoi sp. n. from the arid highlands of the western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile is described and illustrated. Its larvae feed on the native shrub Muehlenbeckia fruticulosa (Walp.) Standl. (Polygonaceae). The morphology of the genitalia of Y. chicoi sp. n. resembles that of the only congeneric known to occur in the same geographic area, Y. moltenii Vargas, 2018, whose larvae feed on Adesmia verrucosa Meyen (Fabaceae). Besides using different host plants, the two species can be accurately separated, based on morphological differences in female and male genitalia.

scholarly journals Adaina jobimi sp. nov., a plume moth (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) associated with Baccharis alnifolia (Asteraceae) in the Andes of northern Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Morphological Differences

The adult stage of the plume moth Adaina jobimisp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae: Pterophorinae: Oidaematophorini) from the arid highlands of the western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile is described and illustrated. The wing pattern and genitalia of A. jobimi resemble those of A. excreta Meyrick, 1930, from Argentina, Ecuador and Peru and A. coquimboae Gielis, 2012, the only representative of the genus previously known from Chile. Morphological differences of A. jobimi with these two congenerics are discussed. Larval feeding and pupation of A. jobimi occur on inflorescences of the native shrub Baccharis alnifolia Meyen & Walp. (Asteraceae). The discovery of A. jobimi provides the first record of the genus in a long distribution gap in mainland South America west of the Andes Range, suggesting that the taxonomic diversity of Adaina in this area deserves further attention.

scholarly journals Iridopsis socoromaensis sp. n., a geometrid moth (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from the Andes of northern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Vargas
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Geometrid Moth ◽  
Morphological Differences

Iridopsis Warren, 1894 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) is a New World moth genus mainly diversified in the Neotropical Region. It is represented in Chile by two described species, both from the Atacama Desert. Iridopsis socoromaensis sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) is described and illustrated from the western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile. Its larvae were found feeding on leaves of the Chilean endemic shrub Dalea pennellii (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr. var. chilensis Barneby (Fabaceae). Morphological differences of I. socoromaensis sp. n. with the two species of the genus previously known from Chile are discussed. A DNA barcode fragment of I. socoromaensis sp. n. showed 93.7-94.3% similarity with the Nearctic I. sanctissima (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917). However, the morphology of the genitalia suggests that these two species are distantly related. The discovery of I. socoromaensis sp. n. highlights the need for additional surveys in underexplored areas to understand better the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary relationships of the mainly Neotropical moth genus Iridopsis.

scholarly journals Apu, a new genus of Euchromiina (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini), and a new species from the montane forests of southeastern Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-648
Author(s):  
Juan Grados
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Andes ◽  
A New Species

Based on external morphological characters and the structure of the male genitalia, a new genus of Euchromiina from the Neotropical region, Apu gen. nov. is described. A new species is described, Apu mooreorum sp. nov. and the species Apu flavicornis (Druce) comb. nov. is redescribed. The genus occurs in the montane forests of the Andes. Diagnostic characters are provided for the genus and the two species which comprise it. Photographs of the adults of both species are provided, as well as the morphological characters of the male genitalia.

scholarly journals Systematics of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) from the Andes of Northern Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Analysis ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Likelihood Analysis

The adult stage of Helioandesia tarregai gen. et sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea: Heliodinidae) is described and illustrated from the arid western slopes of the Andes of northern Chile. The larvae of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. feed as leaf skeletonizers on Mirabilis acuta (Reiche) Heimerl (Nyctaginaceae). The mostly gray forewing of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov., ornamented with strongly bulging metallic spots, resembles that of the representatives of the mainly Nearctic Lithariapteryx Chambers, 1876. However, the latter lacks CuP in the forewing, has a single bristle in the female frenulum, and lacks a well-developed cornutus. Helioandesia gen. nov. clustered as sister to Neoheliodines Hsu, 2004 in a cladistic analysis, although no synapomorphies were found for this cluster, while Lithariapteryx was sister to Helioandesia gen. nov. + Neoheliodines based on two synapomorphies. The genetic distance between a DNA barcode sequence of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. and representatives of other genera of Heliodinidae Heinemann, 1877 was 9.0–12.5% (K2P), and a maximum likelihood analysis based on this molecular marker confirmed the placement of H. tarregai gen. et sp. nov. as a member of this micromoth family. This contribution represents the first confirmed record of Heliodinidae for Chile.

Andreaea barbarae (Andreaeaceae, Bryophytina), a new moss species from Lesotho

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS CERREJÓN ◽  
ENRIQUE MAGUILLA ◽  
DIETMAR QUANDT ◽  
JESÚS MUÑOZ ◽  
MODESTO LUCEÑO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Spore Size ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

Specimens of Andreaea sect. Andreaea collected in Lesotho show morphological differences from the remaining Sub-Saharan Africa species in the group. Particularly, Lesotho specimens have much larger spores, a character diagnostic in the genus. Spore size also separates the Lesotho specimens from typical A. rupestris from the Northern Hemisphere. Consequently, we describe a new species from the highlands of Lesotho (Andreaea barbarae). Additionally, we present a taxonomic key to all accepted species of Andreaea sect. Andreaea in sub-Saharan Africa.

The Paleoepidemiology of American Trypasonomiasis (Chagas disease)

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmar Salo ◽  
William C. Auferheide ◽  
Michael Madden ◽  
John Streitz ◽  
Jane Buikstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Ancient DNA methodology was applied to extract and amplify a segment of kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma cruzi in soft tissue specimens from about 300 spontaneously mummified human bodies from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile and southern Peru. A DNA probe was then employed to hybridize with the amplicon. Results indicate that about 41% of the population in that geographic area were infected with the trypanosome over the past 9000 years. The epidemiological implications of these findings are discussed. It is also emphasized that this and several other paleoepidemiological studies in progress have established that population-study cohorts of mummies now can generate statistically valid paleoepidemiological investigations capable of testing hypotheses. These reflect the maturation of the academic discipline of the scientific study of mummies.

A new species of the enigmatic genus Oressinoma Doubleday from the Andes of central Peru (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4999 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
KLAUDIA FLORCZYK ◽  
CHRISTER FÅHRAEUS ◽  
PIERRE BOYER ◽  
ANNA ZUBEK ◽  
TOMASZ W. PYRCZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Andes ◽  
A New Species

A new, and only the third known species of the Neotropical montane genus Oressinoma Doubleday is described—O. sorina n. sp., from the Andes of central Peru. It is distinguishable immediately from the other two congeners by the shape of the hindwing underside submarginal orange band, and by the male genitalia. The systematics of Oressinoma are reviewed. A preliminary analysis is carried out based on COI barcode confirming the separate specific status of O. sorina n. sp. in relation to other two congeners. Both barcode and genital morphology data suggest that the widespread O. typhla Doubleday may be a complex of allopatric or, locally parapatric species. The genus Oressinoma is the only neotropical member of the predominantly Australian subtribe Coenonymphina, represented in the entire Holarctic by one genus only—Coenonympha Hübner, considered as the putative sister-genus of Oressinoma. Their origins and relationships are briefly discussed.

Review of Gibberifera Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from China, with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5039 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
AIHUAN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
A New Species

Chinese species of the genus Gibberifera Obraztsov are reviewed. G. tetracornata sp. nov. is described as new to science with illustrations of adult and genitalia. Other species are summarized with detailed references cited and information about host-plants and distribution. A key to Chinese species of Gibberifera based on characters of male genitalia is given.  

scholarly journals Phenological relationships between two insect galls and their host plants: Aspidosperma australe and A. spruceanum (Apocynaceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Tolentino Campos ◽  
Maria Cecília Dias Costa ◽  
Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias ◽  
Ana Sílvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira ◽  
Denis Coelho de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Phenological Synchrony ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gall Induction

Although gall diversity in the Neotropical region is immense, comparative studies on the phenology of host plants and their galls are scarce. Gall systems generally require high levels of phenological synchrony between the associated organisms. The relationships between the phenology of two leaf galls induced by an unidentified Cecidomyiidae in Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. ex Müell. Arg. and by Pseudophacopteron sp. in A. australe Müell. Arg. were investigated. The investigation was performed on ten individuals per species in 15-day intervals taking into consideration the percentage of galled leaves. In a one-year study, three distinct phenophases for the leaf galls and four phenophases for host plants were observed. The maximum percentage of leaf galls (80%) on A. australe occurred just after the peak of leaf sprouting. In A. spruceanum, the percentage of leaf galls was always over 50%, which can be related to continuous leaf production and gall induction in this species. In both species, developing galls were observed over the entire year, indicating multivoltinism. The ability to induce galls at young and mature sites seems to be a good strategy for galling species survivorship.

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