scholarly journals Marine invertebrate and seaweed biodiversity of continental coastal Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Cárdenas-Calle ◽  
Elba Mora ◽  
Genoveva Torres ◽  
Julián Pérez-Correa ◽  
Gregorio Bigatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
The Status

This study summarises the diversity of living macroinvertebrates and seaweeds from the intertidal and subtidal rocky shores along Ecuadorian continental coast. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities and seaweeds were quantified over quadrants (50 × 50 cm) randomly placed on transects of 50 m length. A checklist of 612 species was generated: 479 species of macroinvertebrates and 133 species of seaweeds. Groups recorded were Mollusca (184 species), Cnidaria (70), Arthropoda (68), Annelida (60), Echinodermata (42), Chordata (18), Bryozoa (13), Porifera (22), Sipuncula (2), Brachiopoda and Platyhelminthes (only identified as morphotypes). The seaweeds were represented by Rhodophyta (78), Chlorophyta (37), Ochrophyta (13), Cyanobacteria (5) and 19 biotic complexes. Furthermore, 22 new taxa and six alien species were recorded from the intertidal zone. This study provides the first large scale report of benthic communities in different marine coastal ecosystems in mainland Ecuador, covering 1,478 km2 of protected areas and 382 km2 of non-protected areas. The highest benthic diversity was registered in the protected areas and rocky shores from the intertidal zone. The biological data, herein reported, are useful for a long-term monitoring programme to evaluate the status of conservation and to detect rapid changes in the benthic biodiversity from coastal areas.

(A review) Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg / Ed. in chief V. N. Khramtsov, T. V. Kovaleva, N. Yu. Natsvaladze. St. Petersburg, 2013. 176 p.

2014 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Z. V. Karamysheva
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Original Illustrations ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

The review contains detailed description of the «Atlas of especially protected natural areas of Saint Petersburg» published in 2013. This publication presents the results of long-term studies of 12 natural protected areas made by a large research team in the years from 2002 to 2013 (see References). The Atlas contains a large number of the historical maps, new satellite images, the original illustrations, detailed texts on the nature of protected areas, summary tables of rare species of vascular plants, fungi and vertebrates recorded in these areas. Special attention is paid to the principles of thematic large-scale mapping. The landscape maps, the vegetation maps as well as the maps of natural processes in landscapes are included. Reviewed Atlas deserves the highest praise.

Depauperate seed banks in urban tropical seagrass meadows

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Glendon Hong Ming Ong ◽  
Samantha Lai ◽  
Siti Maryam Yaakub ◽  
Peter Todd
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Dormant Seed ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

Seagrasses need to be resilient if they are to persist in the long term. Being able to build up a dormant seed bank in sediments is a key strategy that some species employ to regenerate from large-scale degradation. Much of the research on seed banks has focussed on temperate species, and little is known regarding the status of seed banks in tropical meadows. In the present study, we examined the seed bank status of three common seagrass species at six sites in Singapore and attempted to identify potential drivers of seed abundance. Our results indicated depauperate seed banks with few species setting viable seed and low seed densities. Halophila ovalis seeds were found at four sites and Halodule uninervis seeds at two sites, but Cymodocea rotundata seeds were absent from all six sites. Whereas H. ovalis seed viability ranged from 20% to 68.8%, none of the H. uninervis seeds was viable. Halophila ovalis seed densities (33–334m–2) were much higher than those of H. uninervis (9–21m–2). Of the variables examined, only H. ovalis cover was positively correlated with the number of seeds. Our study has highlighted the vulnerability of seagrass meadows in Singapore’s urban waters to future disturbances.

Long-term and seasonal large-scale disturbances of a small lowland stream

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA O'Connor ◽  
PS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Lowland Stream ◽  
System A ◽  
Stream System ◽  
Press Disturbance

The Pranjip-Creightons Creek system, a lowland stream system in north-central Victoria, contains large amounts of sand derived from agricultural activities in the upper catchment. The sand has caused long-term changes to the morphology of the upper and middle sections of the stream system-a press disturbance. During predictable winter and spring spates, sand substrata underwent regular scouring, causing large seasonal declines in macroinvertebrate species richness and numbers of individuals and marked changes in community structure. These regular short-term seasonal disturbances may be termed pulse disturbances, and their effects were most severe at mid-reach sites where sand deposits were most recent. At these sites, the press disturbance of increased sand storage also rendered the stream bed more susceptible to pulse disturbances. When winter and spring scouring spates ceased, stable communities of macroinvertebrates developed. At sampling sites on lower reaches, where the sand had yet to reach, there was little seasonal change in macroinvertebrate community structure or numbers of individuals. Seasonal variation in benthic species richness at these structurally heterogeneous sites was due to changes in the numbers of less abundant species associated with macrophytes. Current stream restoration works aimed at stemming the input of sediment should increase the seasonal stability of macroinvertebrate communities by decreasing the extent and intensity of substratum scour during winter and spring spates.

Robust inference on large-scale species habitat use with interview data: The status of jaguars outside protected areas in Central America

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne S. Petracca ◽  
Jacqueline L. Frair ◽  
Jonathan B. Cohen ◽  
Ana Patricia Calderón ◽  
Javier Carazo-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Central America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Robust Inference ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals Pathological Findings in Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra) Found Dead between 2015−2020 in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Simon Rohner ◽  
Peter Wohlsein ◽  
Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff ◽  
Christa Ewers ◽  
Patrick Waindok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Sample Bias ◽  
The Status

In times of massive biodiversity loss and ongoing environmental crises, it is extremely important to ensure long-term conservation efforts of threatened species like Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). To gain insights into the status of Northern Germany’s otter population, 92 otters found dead in Schleswig-Holstein between 2015−2020 were collected and underwent detailed dissection with the aim to establish a monitoring program for this population. Examinations followed a protocol especially designed for otters, including various biological data assessments and extended sampling. The finding sites showed a clear concentration in the Continental region. Seasonal concentration differed among the years, yet peaks were seen from fall to winter. Overall, more males than females were found, although this differed among the years. The majority of otters that could be aged were between 1–3 years. Placental scars and pregnancy were recorded in only few females. Nutritional status was good in most cases. Infectious diseases found included Vagococcus lutrae, Toxoplasma gondii, and Emmonsia spp. A major cause of death was roadkill. Known sample bias in studies focusing on roadkill was considered in the finding interpretation. Continuation of the population health investigations is mandatory to analyze potential trends and to establish an actual monitoring program for Eurasian otters in Schleswig-Holstein.

The Role of Community Science in Entomology

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Gardiner ◽  
Helen E. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pest Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Community Science

Community (or citizen) science, the involvement of volunteers in scientific endeavors, has a long history. Over the past few centuries, the contributions of volunteers to our understanding of patterns and processes in entomology has been inspiring. From the collation of large-scale and long-term data sets, which have been instrumental in underpinning our knowledge of the status and trends of many insect groups, to action, including species management, whether for conservation or control, community scientists have played pivotal roles. Contributions, such as pest monitoring by farmers and species discoveries by amateur naturalists, set foundations for the research engaging entomologists today. The next decades will undoubtedly bring new approaches, tools, and technologies to underpin community science. The potential to increase inclusion within community science is providing exciting opportunities within entomology. An increase in the diversity of community scientists, alongside increasing taxonomic and geographic breadth of initiatives, will bring enormous benefits globally for people and nature. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Large-scale assessment of benthic communities across multiple marine protected areas using an autonomous underwater vehicle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0193711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Ferrari ◽  
Ezequiel M. Marzinelli ◽  
Camila Rezende Ayroza ◽  
Alan Jordan ◽  
Will F. Figueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment

scholarly journals Marine Heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero L. F. Mazzini ◽  
Cassia Pianca
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Modes Of Variability ◽  
The Us ◽  
Temperature Records

Prolonged events of anomalously warm sea water temperature, or marine heatwaves (MHWs), have major detrimental effects to marine ecosystems and the world's economy. While frequency, duration and intensity of MHWs have been observed to increase in the global oceans, little is known about their potential occurrence and variability in estuarine systems due to limited data in these environments. In the present study we analyzed a novel data set with over three decades of continuous in situ temperature records to investigate MHWs in the largest and most productive estuary in the US: the Chesapeake Bay. MHWs occurred on average twice per year and lasted 11 days, resulting in 22 MHW days per year in the bay. Average intensities of MHWs were 3°C, with maximum peaks varying between 6 and 8°C, and yearly cumulative intensities of 72°C × days on average. Large co-occurrence of MHW events was observed between different regions of the bay (50–65%), and also between Chesapeake Bay and the Mid-Atlantic Bight (40–50%). These large co-occurrences, with relatively short lags (2–5 days), suggest that coherent large-scale air-sea heat flux is the dominant driver of MHWs in this region. MHWs were also linked to large-scale climate modes of variability: enhancement of MHW days in the Upper Bay were associated with the positive phase of Niño 1+2, while enhancement and suppression of MHW days in both the Mid and Lower Bay were associated with positive and negative phases of North Atlantic Oscillation, respectively. Finally, as a result of long-term warming of the Chesapeake Bay, significant trends were detected for MHW frequency, MHW days and yearly cumulative intensity. If these trends persist, by the end of the century the Chesapeake Bay will reach a semi-permanent MHW state, when extreme temperatures will be present over half of the year, and thus could have devastating impacts to the bay ecosystem, exacerbating eutrophication, increasing the severity of hypoxic events, killing benthic communities, causing shifts in species composition and decline in important commercial fishery species. Improving our basic understanding of MHWs in estuarine regions is necessary for their future predictability and to guide management decisions in these valuable environments.

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