scholarly journals An integrative taxonomic and phylogenetic approach reveals a new Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp, Pseudopolybia cryptica sp. n. (Vespidae: Polistinae: Epiponini)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Alexandre Somavilla ◽  
Paulo C. S. Barroso ◽  
Marcos Aragão ◽  
Sidnei Mateus ◽  
Rodolpho S. T. Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Intraspecific Polymorphism ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Different Sources

Phenotypic characters are traditionally the main information for species discrimination in taxonomic studies of invertebrates. However, the presence of inter- and intraspecific polymorphism makes it difficult to identify species in many groups such as Neotropical social wasps. Herein, we examined different sources of biological information such as adult morphology, male genitalia, nest architecture, and genetic data applying an integrative taxonomic approach to study pinned museum specimens belonging to the social wasp genus Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863. Based on multiple independent lines of evidence, we described a new Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp, Pseudopolybia cryptica sp. n. Moreover, we proposed a phylogenetic hypothesis for Pseudopolybia including this new species. Our taxonomic findings applying an integrative approach reinforce that the social wasp diversity in the Neotropics may be underestimated due to morphological similarity.

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

scholarly journals In search of a Goldilocks zone for credible AI

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Allan ◽  
Nir Oren ◽  
Jacqui Hutchison ◽  
Douglas Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Scene Content ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Source Accuracy

AbstractIf artificial intelligence (AI) is to help solve individual, societal and global problems, humans should neither underestimate nor overestimate its trustworthiness. Situated in-between these two extremes is an ideal ‘Goldilocks’ zone of credibility. But what will keep trust in this zone? We hypothesise that this role ultimately falls to the social cognition mechanisms which adaptively regulate conformity between humans. This novel hypothesis predicts that human-like functional biases in conformity should occur during interactions with AI. We examined multiple tests of this prediction using a collaborative remembering paradigm, where participants viewed household scenes for 30 s vs. 2 min, then saw 2-alternative forced-choice decisions about scene content originating either from AI- or human-sources. We manipulated the credibility of different sources (Experiment 1) and, from a single source, the estimated-likelihood (Experiment 2) and objective accuracy (Experiment 3) of specific decisions. As predicted, each manipulation produced functional biases for AI-sources mirroring those found for human-sources. Participants conformed more to higher credibility sources, and higher-likelihood or more objectively accurate decisions, becoming increasingly sensitive to source accuracy when their own capability was reduced. These findings support the hypothesised role of social cognition in regulating AI’s influence, raising important implications and new directions for research on human–AI interaction.

Soluble proteins of chemical communication in the social wasp Polistes dominulus

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1933-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calvello ◽  
N. Guerra ◽  
A. Brandazza ◽  
C. D'Ambrosio ◽  
A. Scaloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Polistes Dominulus ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Protonectin (1–6): A novel chemotactic peptide from the venom of the social wasp Agelaia pallipes pallipes

Toxicon ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoli B. Baptista-Saidemberg ◽  
Daniel M. Saidemberg ◽  
Bibiana M. de Souza ◽  
Lilian M.M. César-Tognoli ◽  
Virgínia M.R. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
The Social

Intraspecific variability of morphological characters in the species-rich deep-sea genus Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 (Nematoda: Chromadoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Miljutin ◽  
Maria A. Miljutina
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Acantholaimusis a species-rich genus of deep-sea nematodes, often with dozens of species found at the same locality but each represented by single or few individuals. Species discrimination by morphological characters in this genus is therefore often difficult due to transitional forms that may be referred to several species because of lack of data on intraspecific variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraspecific variability of morphological characters that are most often used inAcantholaimustaxonomy, in order to distinguish those which are most informative for species differentiation. A reverse taxonomic approach was applied for initial species discrimination. Two loci, one each from small and large subunits of rRNA, were sequenced for 59Acantholaimusspecimens from two deep-sea locations. Twenty-seven Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTU) were identified, of which 12 were represented by more than one individual. These were then analysed for intraspecific variability in morphological characters. Some of the examined characters showed high intraspecific variability; specifically: length of cephalic setae; distance from anterior end to amphid; shape of anterior setae; position and arrangement of cervical setae. In the absence of genetic data, these characters should be used with caution for differential diagnoses or species discrimination. Other characters were more conservative within the same MOTU: body proportions; length of outer labial setae; amphidial diam.; appearance of lateral field; general arrangement of cervical setae; and shape of tail. These characters may be successfully used for species discrimination in the absence of molecular data.

scholarly journals Hyaluronidase from the venom of the social wasp Polybia paulista (Hymenoptera, Vespidae): Cloning, structural modeling, purification, and immunological analysis

Toxicon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Laís Justo Jacomini ◽  
Franco Dani Campos Pereira ◽  
José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos Pinto ◽  
Lucilene Delazari dos Santos ◽  
Antonio Joaquim da Silva Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Immunological Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polybia Paulista

scholarly journals Colouration, chaetotaxy and molecular data provide species-level resolution in a species complex of Dicranocentrus (Collembola : Entomobryidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Daoyuan Yu ◽  
Mark I. Stevens ◽  
Yinhuan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Colour Patterns

Integrative taxonomic approaches are increasingly providing species-level resolution to ‘cryptic’ diversity. In the absence of an integrative taxonomic approach, formal species validation is often lacking because of inadequate morphological diagnoses. Colouration and chaetotaxy are the most commonly used characters in collembolan taxonomy but can cause confusion in species diagnoses because these characters often have large intraspecific variation. Here, we take an integrative approach to the genus Dicranocentrus in China where four species have been previously recognised, but several members of the genus have been morphologically grouped as a species complex based on having paired outer teeth on unguis and seven colour patterns. Molecular delimitations based on distance- and evolutionary models recovered four candidate lineages from three gene markers and revealed that speciation events likely occurred during the late Neogene (4–13million years ago). Comparison of intact dorsal chaetotaxy, whose homologies were erected on the basis of first instar larva, further validated these candidates as formal species: D. gaoligongensis, sp. nov., D. similis, sp. nov., D. pallidus, sp. nov. and D. varicolor, sp. nov., and increase the number of Dicranocentrus species from China to eight. Our study further highlights the importance of adequate taxonomy in linking morphological and molecular characters within integrative taxonomy.

The timing of conflict and cooperation among cofoundresses of the social wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Gamboa ◽  
Katherine A. Stump
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Polistes Fuscatus ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Colony Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Ecological Pressure ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Field observations were made on 37 preworker, multiple-foundress colonies of the social wasp Polistes fuscatus. In total, 401.9 h of behavioural observations of cofoundresses were conducted at three different periods prior to the emergence of workers. Cofoundresses displayed a marked, significant increase in aggression at about the time in the colony cycle when reproductive-destined eggs began to be laid. Both queens and their subordinates became increasingly aggressive at this time. These empirical results support theoretical predictions that conflict among cofoundresses would intensify over the production of reproductive-destined (but not worker-destined) eggs. Cooperation in foraging to minimize nest inattendance as well as synchronicity (temporal overlap) in activity also increased significantly at the onset of the production of reproductive-destined eggs. Thus, conflict and cooperation are not necessarily antagonistic in P. fuscatus. Foundresses minimized the time that nests are unattended at a time in the colony cycle when most conspecific usurpations occur. This suggests that the ecological pressure of conspecific usurpation has favoured increased coordination in foraging to minimize the time nests are unattended. The adaptive significance, if any, of an increase in synchronicity of activity among cofoundresses at the onset of the production of reproductives is not obvious.

The Cost of Queen Loss in the Social Wasp Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Strassmann ◽  
Angelo Fortunato ◽  
Rita Cervo ◽  
Stefano Turillazzi ◽  
Jesse M. Damon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Polistes Dominulus ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost
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