scholarly journals The spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) community of an agroecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino Dentici ◽  
Tommaso La Mantia
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Great Species ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Great Species Richness

The agricultural areas, especialy the orchards, of more ancient cultivation, are characterized by having plant and animal communities of great interest. Plant and vertebrate communities are well studied in theese agroecosystems, but the same cannot be said for invertebrates. Among these are generally known taxonomic groups of agricultural interest, including also beetles (Coleoptera) and moths (Lepidoptera). Little known are other arthropods such as those belonging to the Arachnida. In a historic orchard of the Conca d'Oro, the plain around Palermo city, systematic observations and catches of Arachnidae have been conducted, with particular interest in spiders (Araneae) but also involving other orders such as Opiliones and Pseudoscorpionida. The surveys showed a great species richness. It is in fact a historic orchard characterized by the presence of numerous species of fruit trees (Citrus spp., Loquat Eriobotrya japonica, etc.) interspersed with small vegetable garden surfaces. Many of the individuals found are in the process of being determined, but it is so far the community is exceeding sixty species. The research is ongoing and will further aim to clarify the ecological relationships between the different species and the other components of the agro-ecosystem.

Habitat utilization by the arboreal boa Corallus grenadensis in two ecologically disparate habitats on Grenada

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Allan Winstel ◽  
Richard A. Sajdak ◽  
Robert W. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
West Indian ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Ontogenetic Shift ◽  
The West ◽  
Size Classes

AbstractHabitat utilization by the arboreal boid Corallus grenadensis was studied at two ecologically disparate sites on the West Indian island of Grenada: one devoted largely to agriculture, the other largely devoid of agricultural activity. Small snakes (< 600 mm SVL) were most often encountered in uncultivated scrub woodland at both sites; large snakes (>1100 mm SVL) were encountered most often in fruit trees at one site and in mangroves at the other. Snakes of medium size (600-1100 mm SVL) occurred in both kinds of habitat. These size classes correspond to an ontogenetic shift in diet (lizards to mammals), and this is associated with a corresponding shift in habitat utilization.

Monilinia fructicola. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Distribution Map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey. Ascomycota: Helotiales. Hosts: Rosaceous stone fruit trees (Prunus, Malus, Pyrus spp.), especially peach (Prunus persica). Also grape (Vitis spp.), flowering quinces (Chaenomeles spp.), hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK), Asia (China, Hebei, Shandong, India, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Yemen), Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Central America and Caribbean (Guatemala, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand).

scholarly journals Cryphalus eriobotryae sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a New Insect Pest of Loquat Eriobotrya japonica in China

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhu Zheng ◽  
Andrew J. Johnson ◽  
You Li ◽  
Chunrong Chu ◽  
Jiri Hulcr
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Ornamental Trees

A previously unknown bark beetle species, Cryphalus eriobotryae sp. nov. Johnson, 2019 has emerged as a lethal pest of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) in China. The description of new species has been provided. The new species is distinguished from the other Cryphalus by the weakly aciculate frons, by the antennae, with unevenly spaced procurved sutures, by the short pronotal disc, with hair-like setae, and by the widely spaced mesocoxae. The survey of plantation records from around Suzhou suggests that this beetle was introduced from another area not long before 2017. In the surveyed loquat plantation in 2018, 20–90% of trees showed signs of infestation, and 5% were killed in 2018, resulting in the death of over 1000 trees. Outbreaks of the apparently loquat-specific Cryphalus eriobotryae can be diagnosed by hundreds of cankers on the trunk, and wilted foliage. This pest is of concern as a loquat plantation pest and as a pest of fruit production and ornamental trees within Suzhou, and globally.

I.—New Trilobites from the Bala Beds of Co. Waterford

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Cowper Reed
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
A New Species

Amongst the numerous species of Trilobites which occur in the impure limestones of Bala age in Co. Waterford, two new and undescribed forms were recently found by me in the course of a preliminary examination of that area. At present the exact horizon of the beds has not been determined, but they may undoubtedly be referred to the Bala series. One of the new species belongs to the genus Cybele, and is a most bizarre form, with a long, snout-like projection of the anterior margin. The other is a new species of Trinucleus, bearing some resemblance to Angelin's T. bucculentus, which occurs in beds of “regio Ba” in Norway.

scholarly journals The rediscovery of the Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae in south-eastern Madagascar with notes on the natural history of the genus Newtonia

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Goodman ◽  
Thomas S. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
The South ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological Differences

SummaryThe Red-tailed Newtonia Newtonia fanovanae, previously known from a single specimen from the eastern rainforest of central Madagascar, was rediscovered in October 1989 in the Marosohy Forest in the south-east of the island. In the study area, N. fanovanae occurs in the middle and upper section of the canopy of humid forest between 300 and 1,300 m. Ecological relationships with the other two sympatric Newtonia, amphichroa and brunneicauda, are discussed. The main morphological differences between fanovanae and the other two sympatric species are that the former has relatively long wings and short tarsi. The song of fanovanae is described and compared to other members of the genus. Our observations on the morphology, behaviour and vocalisations of N. fanovanae confirm its validity as a species.Le Newtonie à queue rouge Newtonia fanovanae jusqu'à presént uniquement connu d'un seul spécimen provenant de la partie orientale de la forêt tropicale du Madagascar central, fût redécouvert en octobre 1989 dans la forêt de Marosohy au sud-est de l'île. N. fanovanae fût rencontré dans les parties moyennes et supérieures du feuillage de la forêt humide entre 300 et 1,300 m d'altitude. Les relations écologiques avec les deux espèces sympatriques de Newtonia, amphichroa et brunneicauda sont discutées. Les différences morphologiques principales entre fanovanae et les deux espéces sympatriques sont que celle-ci a des ailes relativement longues et des tarses courts. Le chant de fanovanae est decrit et comparé avec celui d'autres membres du genre. Nos observations sur la morphologie, le comportement et les vocalizations de N. fanovanae confirment sa validité comme bonne espéce.

Five decades of research on phytoplasma-induced witches' broom diseases.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (002) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chamran Hemmati
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Broom Disease

Abstract Phytoplasmas, prokaryotic wall-less microorganisms, are important pathogens of several plant species in most parts of the world. Phytoplasmas have been reported associated with various symptoms on hundreds of plant species. Witches' broom disease (WBD) is one of the most common disease symptoms, which is caused by phytoplasma strains belonging to different phytoplasma groups. Symptoms of the disease differ from one host to the other as well as from one phytoplasma strain to the other. However, WBD symptoms are usually characterized by the production of a large number of small leaves, accompanied in some host plants by the production of several branches/shoots. Phytoplasma strains belonging to more than 13 groups and 39 subgroups have been reported associated with WBD in more than 116 plant species. Most of the phytoplasma strains causing WBD symptoms in plant species belong to the 16SrII and 16SrI groups, mainly 16SrII-D and 16SrI-B subgroups. The current review provides information on the different types of phytoplasma strains associated with WBD symptoms in ornamental plants, medicinal plants, forest trees, weeds, vegetable crops, field crops, and fruit trees. Emphasis is on WBD on acid limes, almonds, peanuts, jujube, and cassava that have resulted in significant economic losses in different countries. Description of the symptoms, phytoplasma groups, and management options is also provided for some of the diseases.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Characterization Reveals Pronounced Seasonality in the Diversity and Structure of the Phyllosphere Bacterial Community in a Mediterranean Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Vokou ◽  
Savvas Genitsaris ◽  
Katerina Karamanoli ◽  
Katerina Vareli ◽  
Marina Zachari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Seasonal Environment ◽  
Habitat Specialists ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

We explore how the phyllosphere microbial community responds to a very seasonal environment such as the Mediterranean. For this, we studied the epiphytic bacterial community of a Mediterranean ecosystem in summer and winter, expecting to detect seasonal differences at their maximum. With high-throughput sequencing (HTS), we detected the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) present in the phyllosphere and also in the surrounding air. The epiphytic community is approximately five orders of magnitude denser than the airborne one and is made almost exclusively by habitat specialists. The two communities differ considerably but Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are dominant in both. Of the five most abundant phyllosphere OTUs, two were closely related to Sphingomonas strains, one to Methylobacterium and the other two to Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales. We found the epiphytic community to become much richer, more distinct, even and diverse, denser and more connected in summer. In contrast, there was no difference in the level of bacterial colonization of the phyllosphere between the two seasons, although there were seasonal differences for individual taxonomic groups: Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes and Chlroroflexi had a higher participation in summer, whereas the major Proteobacteria classes presented reverse patterns, with Betaproteobacteria increasing in summer at the expense of the prominent Alphaproteobacteria.

scholarly journals Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys Ståhl (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamba Gyeltshen ◽  
Gary Bernon ◽  
Amanda Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Southern Green Stink Bug ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Ståhl), is a recently introduced pest to the western hemisphere and was first officially reported from Allentown, Pennsylvania in 2001 (Hoebeke and Carter 2003). This stink bug may become a major agricultural pest in North America, similar to the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). Both species are polyphagous pests of various crops, but the exact potential impact of BMSB is currently unknown until it is detected in agricultural areas. However, in eastern Asia where the BMSB is native or indigenous, it is a pest on fruit trees and soybeans. This document is EENY-346, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: April 2005. EENY346/IN623: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Evaluation of pregerminative treatments in gulupa seeds (P. edulis f. edulis Sims).

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Antonia Martínez Camargo ◽  
Ana Cruz Morillo Coronado ◽  
Edilberto Cepeda Mora ◽  
Sandra Yaneth Mesa Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Water Imbibition

Abstract The genus Passiflora, commonly known as fruits of passion, includes numerous species, including gulupa (Passiflora edulis f. edulis), of nutracetic and economic importance, both for consumption in nature and for its agro-industrial applicability. This research was developed to evaluate the effects of various pre-germinative treatments on the germination of gulupa seeds from the municipality of Ramiriquí (Boyacá), such as: exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorite of sodium (NaOCl), gibberellic acid (GA3), distilled water imbibition and stratification at 4 °C, in varying concentrations and exposure times (24 and 48 hours), using an experimental design completely random, with three repetitions of 50 seed each one. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between treatments, with H2O2 being 15% the most effective, with a germination percentage (PG) of 88% in exposed seeds for 48 hours. In the presence of NaOCl the percentages were lower 36 - 40%. GA3 at 100 ppm for 24 hours recorded 51% PG, at the other concentrations of this growth regulator and exposure times this value was lower. The use of H2O2 has not been reported as a treatment to induce germination in the genus Passiflora. These results can be applied for the treatment of seeds in plant species can be a viable, effective, economical and easily applicable alternative.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Change Alters Ecological Relationships via Interactive Changes in Stress Physiology and Behavior within and among Organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talisin T Hammond ◽  
Chelsea A Ortiz-Jimenez ◽  
Jennifer E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Anthropogenic Change ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Downstream Impacts

Synopsis Anthropogenic change has well-documented impacts on stress physiology and behavior across diverse taxonomic groups. Within individual organisms, physiological and behavioral traits often covary at proximate and ultimate timescales. In the context of global change, this means that impacts on physiology can have downstream impacts on behavior, and vice versa. Because all organisms interact with members of their own species and other species within their communities, the effects of humans on one organism can impose indirect effects on one or more other organisms, resulting in cascading effects across interaction networks. Human-induced changes in the stress physiology of one species and the downstream impacts on behavior can therefore interact with the physiological and behavioral responses of other organisms to alter emergent ecological phenomena. Here, we highlight three scenarios in which the stress physiology and behavior of individuals on different sides of an ecological relationship are interactively impacted by anthropogenic change. We discuss host–parasite/pathogen dynamics, predator–prey relationships, and beneficial partnerships (mutualisms and cooperation) in this framework, considering cases in which the effect of stressors on each type of network may be attenuated or enhanced by interactive changes in behavior and physiology. These examples shed light on the ways that stressors imposed at the level of one individual can impact ecological relationships to trigger downstream consequences for behavioral and ecological dynamics. Ultimately, changes in stress physiology on one or both sides of an ecological interaction can mediate higher-level population and community changes due in part to their cascading impacts on behavior. This framework may prove useful for anticipating and potentially mitigating previously underappreciated ecological responses to anthropogenic perturbations in a rapidly changing world.

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