scholarly journals Comparative acute toxicity of the pharmaceutical compound Diclofenac on groundwater and surface water crustaceans

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Castaño Sánchez ◽  
Joana Pereira ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Ana Sofia Reboleira
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compound ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Groundwater Ecosystems ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Comparative Acute Toxicity ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Pharmaceutical compounds have been extensively used in medicine and currently detected in trace concentrations (ranging from ng/L to mg/L) in both surface and groundwater bodies worldwide in the last decades. Despite being mostly found in low concentrations, these are persistent compounds that are continuously discharged into aquatic ecosystems. Pharmaceutical compounds are also present in complex mixtures and the actual absence of appropriate wastewater treatment specifically targeting their elimination, renders them emerging contaminants with high risk for surface and groundwater ecosystems. None of these compounds is included in the European Water Framework Directive as a priority substance and comprehensive data are still being built regarding pharmaceuticals toxicity on standard surface aquatic taxa and almost none concerning groundwater-dweller species. However, the current Directive 2008/105/EC has included some antibiotics, steroids, phenolic-antioxidants and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac in the established watch list for monitoring substances regarding water quality policy. Assessing the toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds in a large spectrum of aquatic environments is needed to assist a realistic environmental risk assessment. Hence, including subterranean species is a priority for establishing conservation measures in groundwater ecosystems. Copepod crustaceans are widely represented in freshwater bodies and dominant in groundwater ecosystems. We have selected the cosmopolitan (freshwater and groundwater) crustacean species Diacyclops crassicaudis crassicaudis Sars, 1863 and the freshwater model species Daphnia magna Müller, 1785 to estimate their response to acute exposures to the pharmaceutical compound diclofenac. Our preliminary results indicate that diclofenac was more toxic to the copepodites C1-C2 than to the neonates of D. magna (half maximal effective concentration: 63 mg/L and 111.3 mg/L at 48 h respectively) (See Suppl. material 1). However, further long-term toxicity testing at more environmentally relevant concentrations and the use of species with similar ecological features and more closely related are required for a better understanding of the potential of pharmaceutical compounds to harm the groundwater biota.

A Review of Emerging Contaminants in Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis ◽  
Julie A. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Analytical Instrumentation ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Contaminants of emerging concern or, simply, emerging contaminants represent a newly discovered group of chemicals present in surface and groundwater. It was only the improvements in analytical instrumentation that allowed for the detection of these contaminants even at trace levels. The continuous detection of new chemicals with time raises questions concerning their source pathways, their fate, transport, transformations and impact on aquatic environments. The scope of this chapter is to present an overview of the contaminants classified as “emerging”, their sources and introduction pathways to the environment and the related risks to human health and aquatic life.

A Review of Emerging Contaminants in Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros I. Stefanakis ◽  
Julie A. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Introduction Pathways ◽  
Analytical Instrumentation ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Contaminants of emerging concern or, simply, emerging contaminants represent a newly discovered group of chemicals present in surface and groundwater. It was only the improvements in analytical instrumentation that allowed for the detection of these contaminants even at trace levels. The continuous detection of new chemicals with time raises questions concerning their source pathways, their fate, transport, transformations and impact on aquatic environments. The scope of this chapter is to present an overview of the contaminants classified as “emerging”, their sources and introduction pathways to the environment and the related risks to human health and aquatic life.

scholarly journals A combined experimental and density functional theory study of metformin oxy-cracking for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 13403-13413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Badran ◽  
Abdallah D. Manasrah ◽  
Nashaat N. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Density Functional Theory Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The World

Pharmaceutical compounds are emerging contaminants that have been detected in surface water across the world.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Characterization of 76 Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites in Wastewater by LC-MS/MS

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Cristian Gómez-Canela ◽  
Sílvia Edo ◽  
Natalia Rodríguez ◽  
Gemma Gotor ◽  
Sílvia Lacorte
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Wastewaters are considered one of the main sources of pollution in the aquatic environment as release a large number of contaminants every day. Emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals have special interest due to the high levels of consumption by the global population, their bioactive properties and because actual directives do not include the monitoring of pharmaceuticals. Moreover, it is well-known that pharmaceuticals can be degraded to metabolites or transformation products (TPs), which could be more toxic than the parental compound. In this study, we have developed an analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to determine 76 highly consumed pharmaceuticals, including metabolites and TPs in wastewater effluents. In the 10 wastewaters analysed, the mean concentrations were in the µg L−1 levels, being mycophenolic acid, levodopa, ibuprofen, 4-aminoantypirine, losartan, amylmetacresol, amoxicillin, fluticasone, tramadol, budesonide, chlorpheniramine and diclofenac the pharmaceuticals with the highest concentrations. This study provides a comprehensive optimization on the MS conditions to determine pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites and provides a spectral characterization to be used for the identification of these compounds in water.

A Review of the Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds as Emerging Contaminants in Treated Wastewater and Aquatic Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Silori ◽  
Syed Mohammad Tauseef
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Information

: In recent years, pharmaceutical compounds have emerged as potential contaminants in the aquatic matrices of the environment. High production, consumption, and limited removal through conventional treatment processes/wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the major causes for the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and aquatic environments worldwide. A number of studies report adverse health effects and risks to aquatic life and the ecosystem because of the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the aquatic environment. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in treated wastewater from various WWTPs, surface water and groundwater bodies. Additionally, this review provides comprehensive information and pointers for research in wastewater treatment and waterbodies management.

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Emerging Contaminants: Kinetics and Pathways for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Pharmaceutical Compounds

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruthai Tungudomwongsa ◽  
James Leckie ◽  
Theodore Mill
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Clofibric Acid

AbstractThe rates and products of photooxidation of ibuprofen, clofibric acid, diclofenac and naproxen, pharmaceuticals emerging as contaminants in wastewater, were examined in UV-irradiated TiO

scholarly journals Total and Metabolically Active Microbial Community of Aerobic Granular Sludge Systems Operated in Sequential Batch Reactors: Effect of Pharmaceutical Compounds

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Barbara Muñoz-Palazon ◽  
Aurora Rosa-Masegosa ◽  
Miguel Hurtado-Martinez ◽  
Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
Alexander Link ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
System Operating

Two aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sequential batch reactors were operated at a mild (15 °C) temperature for 180 days. One of those bioreactors was exposed to a mixture of diclofenac, naproxen, trimethoprim, and carbamazepine. The AGS system, operating under pressure from emerging contaminants, showed a decrease in COD, BOD5, and TN removal capacity, mainly observed during the first 100 days, in comparison with the removal ratios detected in the control bioreactor. After an acclimatisation period, the removal reached high-quality effluent for COD and TN, close to 95% and 90%, respectively. In the steady-state period, trimethoprim and diclofenac were successfully removed with values around 50%, while carbamazepine and naproxen were more recalcitrant. The dominant bacterial OTUs were affected by the presence of a mixture of pharmaceutical compounds, under which the dominant phylotypes changed to OTUs classified among the Pseudomonas, Gemmobacter, and Comamonadaceae. The RT-qPCR and qPCR results showed the deep effects of pharmaceutical compounds on the number of copies of target genes. Statistical analyses allowed for linking the total and active microbial communities with the physico-chemical performance, describing the effects of pharmaceutical compounds in pollution degradation, as well as the successful adaptation of the system to treat wastewater in the presence of toxic compounds.

scholarly journals Copper Electropolishing in Phosphoric Acid under Normal and Forced Convection Conditions in Presence of Some Pharmaceutical Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-922
Author(s):  
Fatma M. Abouzeid ◽  
Sultanah Alshammery
Keyword(s):  
Forced Convection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Copper Dissolution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compound ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Some pharmaceutical drugs namely valsartan, hydrocholorothiazide, erythromycin thiocynate and diclofenac potassium were studied as chemical additions for enhancing the finished copper surface attained. Anode potential-limiting current relationship was measured and comparing of gradually increasing pharmaceutical compound concentrations (from 1 × 10-4 to 7 × 10-4 M). Copper dissolution behaviour in presence of pharmaceutical compounds was studied under natural convection [rotating cylinder (RCE) and rotating disc electrode (RDE)] as forced convection. The limiting current was found to diminish with enlarging additives concentration and increase with increasing temperature (293-313 K). Activation energies values confirm that reaction rate was diffusion controlled. The results showed that the improvement produced in electropolishing in presence of pharmaceutical compounds occurs through adsorption of their molecules above metal surface. All the pharmaceutical compounds adsorption process obey kinetic-thermodynamic model. The data under different conditions were controlled by dimensionless correlations viz. Sherwood, Schmidt and Reynolds numbers. Surface morphology also confirmed that an addition of pharmaceutical compound to copper dissolution bath enhance surface appearance and its texture quality to great extent.

Pharmaceutical residues in the Danube River Basin in Serbia – a two-year survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Radović ◽  
Svetlana Grujić ◽  
Nikolina Dujaković ◽  
Marina Radišić ◽  
Tatjana Vasiljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Pharmaceutical Contamination ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Danube River Basin

Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants with damaging effects to the environment and human health. Their presence in surface and especially groundwaters is regarded as detrimental, as they can ultimately reach drinking water. The aim of this work was to monitor pharmaceutical contamination of the Danube River and its tributaries in Serbia, and to assess the potential of their passing through all natural filtrations and reaching the groundwater. A total of 70 surface and groundwater samples was collected at 38 sampling sites at the Danube in Serbia. They were taken in five sampling campaigns performed in summer and autumn of 2009 and winter, spring and autumn of 2010. Samples were analyzed using a previously developed method which includes solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

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