Metamorphosis of the steroid deviation profile from the pro-cervical cancer type to the pro-breast cancer type, as detected in the course of aging of cervical cancer patients

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kodama ◽  
T Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Breast Cancer Type

Attention to diet, exercise, and weight in the oncology clinic: Results of a national patient survey.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10549-10549
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Ligibel ◽  
Lori J. Pierce ◽  
Catherine M. Bender ◽  
Tracy E Crane ◽  
Christina Marie Dieli-Conwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
To Receive

10549 Background: Obesity and related factors are increasingly associated with increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conducted a survey of cancer patients to assess their experience in receiving recommendations and referrals related to weight, diet and exercise as a part of their cancer care. Methods: An online survey was distributed to potential participants between March and June 2020 via ASCO channels and patient advocacy organizations, with an estimated reach of over 25,000 individuals. Eligibility criteria included being 18 years, living in the US, and having been diagnosed with cancer. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with recommendation and referral patterns. Results: In total, 2419 individuals responded to the survey. Most respondents were female (75.5%), 61.8% had an early-stage malignancy, 38.2% had advanced disease, and 49.0% were currently receiving treatment. Breast cancer was the most common cancer type (36.0%). Average BMI was 25.8 kg/m2. The majority of respondents consumed £2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day (50.9%) and exercised £2 times per week (50.4%). Exercise was addressed at most or some oncology visits in 57.5% of respondents, diet in 50.7%, and weight in 28.4%. Referrals were less common: 14.9% of respondents were referred to an exercise program, 25.6% to a dietitian and 4.5% to a weight management program. In multiple regression analyses, racial and ethnicity minority respondents were more likely to receive advice about diet (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.56-2.38) and weight (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.23-2.17) compared to non-Hispanic whites, individuals diagnosed with cancer in the past 5 yrs (vs > 5 yrs) were more likely to receive advice about exercise (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.23-1.79), and breast cancer patients were more likely to receive advice about exercise (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.68) and weight (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03-2.07) than other cancer patients. Overall, 74% of survey respondents had changed their diet or exercise after cancer diagnosis. Respondents reporting that their oncologist spoke to them about increasing exercise or eating healthier foods were more likely to report a change in behavior than those whose oncologists did not (exercise: 79.6% vs 69.0%, P < 0.001; diet 81.1% vs 71.4%, P < 0.001). Respondents whose oncologist had spoken to them about exercise were more likely to exercise > 2 times per week compared to respondents whose oncologists did not address exercise (53.5% vs 44.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In a national survey of oncology patients, slightly more than half of respondents reported attention to diet and exercise during oncology visits. Provider recommendations for diet and exercise were associated with positive changes in these behaviors. Additional attention to diet and exercise as part of oncology visits is needed to help support healthy lifestyle change in cancer patients.

Genetic polymorphism of miR-218-2 (rs11134527) in cervical cancer: a case-control study in the Bangladeshi women

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Nazneen ◽  
Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽  
Md. Abdul Barek ◽  
Md. Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mohammad Sarowar Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Healthy Females

Background: The prevalence of Cervical Cancer (CC) is disproportionately higher in developing countries. It is the second most frequent cancer type among Bangladeshi women and the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. However, no previous data reported the association of miR-218-2 gene polymorphisms in Bangladeshi cervical cancer patients. Aim: This case-control study was designed to find the link between the rs11134527 polymorphism in miR-218-2 and CC. Methods: A total of 488 subjects were recruited, comprising 256 cervical cancer patients and 232 healthy females. Genotyping was conducted with the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique to detect the association. Results: The results of genotype data showed that rs11134527 obeyed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both CC cases and controls (P >0.05). Overall, the polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer with AG genotype (AG vs. GG: OR = 2.26, 95% Cl = 1.40-3.66, P = 0.0008), AA genotype (AA vs. GG: OR = 3.64, 95% Cl = 2.17-6.10, P <0.0001), dominant model (AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 2.75, 95% Cl = 1.75-4.31, P <0.0001), recessive model (AA vs. GG+AG: OR = 2.08, 95% Cl = 1.41-3.08, P = 0.0002), and A allele (A vs. G: OR = 1.94, 95% Cl = 1.51-2.51, P <0.0001). All of these correlations remained statistically significant after performing Bonferroni correction (P <0.008). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the rs11134527 polymorphism in the miR-218-2 gene contributes to the susceptibility of CC in Bangladeshi women.

scholarly journals Prominent Prognostic Factors in Aggressive Breast Cancer: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Nejati ◽  
Sedigheh Fekri Aval ◽  
Mohammadreza Alivand ◽  
Abolfazl Akbarzadeh ◽  
AmirAhmad Arabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aggressive Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Type

Context: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Hereditary susceptibility created by mutations in autosomal dominant genes is responsible for 5 to 10% of all BC cases in women. Recent studies have identified genes associated with increased risk for aggressive BC, providing the basis for better risk management. Evidence Acquisition: The latest information in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were the main databases for finding articles. A combination of keywords of ‘metastasis’, ‘invasion’, ‘aggressive breast cancer’, ‘prognostic factor’, ‘mutation’, and ‘cancer treatment’ was searched in the databases to identify related articles. Titles and abstracts of the articles were studied to choose the right articles. Results: Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) genes are two central players related to the high risk of BC. Mutation in tumor protein p53 (TP53) is another important mutation that leads to triple-negative BC. Although the majority of BC types are not associated with high-throughput mutant genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53, they are associated with low-throughput genes, including DNA repair protein Rad50 (RAD50), Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1), checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), BRCA1-interacting protein 1 (BRIP1), E-cadherin gene (CDH1) and PALB2, UCHL1, aldehydedehydrogenase1A3 (ALDH1A3), androgen receptor (AR), 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA), phosphatidylinositol-4, and luminal gene expression that are generally mutated in the global population. High tumor mutational burden (TMB) was associated with improved progression-free survival. Conclusions: The lymph node status, early tumor size, ER, PR, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and Ki-67 are conventional prognostic factors for BC. However, these factors cannot exactly predict the aggressive behavior of BC. Hence, in this review, we discussed new prognostic factors of aggressive BCs that are useful for the treatment of patients with BC.

scholarly journals Structural basis of homologous recombination

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueru Sun ◽  
Thomas J. McCorvie ◽  
Luke A. Yates ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Breast Cancer Type

AbstractHomologous recombination (HR) is a pathway to faithfully repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). At the core of this pathway is a DNA recombinase, which, as a nucleoprotein filament on ssDNA, pairs with homologous DNA as a template to repair the damaged site. In eukaryotes Rad51 is the recombinase capable of carrying out essential steps including strand invasion, homology search on the sister chromatid and strand exchange. Importantly, a tightly regulated process involving many protein factors has evolved to ensure proper localisation of this DNA repair machinery and its correct timing within the cell cycle. Dysregulation of any of the proteins involved can result in unchecked DNA damage, leading to uncontrolled cell division and cancer. Indeed, many are tumour suppressors and are key targets in the development of new cancer therapies. Over the past 40 years, our structural and mechanistic understanding of homologous recombination has steadily increased with notable recent advancements due to the advances in single particle cryo electron microscopy. These have resulted in higher resolution structural models of the signalling proteins ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein), along with various structures of Rad51. However, structural information of the other major players involved, such as BRCA1 (breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein) and BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein), has been limited to crystal structures of isolated domains and low-resolution electron microscopy reconstructions of the full-length proteins. Here we summarise the current structural understanding of homologous recombination, focusing on key proteins in recruitment and signalling events as well as the mediators for the Rad51 recombinase.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment after cytotoxic chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Huehnchen ◽  
Antonia van Kampen ◽  
Wolfgang Boehmerle ◽  
Matthias Endres
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy ◽  
Cytotoxic Drugs ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Neurotoxicity is a frequent side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy and affects a large number of patients. Despite the high medical need, few research efforts have addressed the impact of cytotoxic agents on cognition (ie, postchemotherapy cognitive impairment; PCCI). One unsolved question is whether individual cytotoxic drugs have differential effects on cognition. We thus examine the current state of research regarding PCCI. Neurological symptoms after targeted therapies and immunotherapies are not part of this review. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, and 1215 articles were reviewed for predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty articles were included in the systematic review. Results Twenty-five of the included studies report significant cognitive impairment. Of these, 21 studies investigated patients with breast cancer. Patients mainly received combinations of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and taxanes (FEC/FEC-T). Five studies found no significant cognitive impairment in chemotherapy patients. Of these, 2 studies investigated patients with colon cancer receiving 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX). Independent risk factors for PCCI were patient age, mood alterations, cognitive reserve, and the presence of apolipoprotein E e4 alleles. Conclusions There is evidence that certain chemotherapy regimens cause PCCI more frequently than others as evidenced by 21 out of 23 studies in breast cancer patients (mainly FEC-T), whereas 2 out of 3 studies with colon cancer patients (FOLFOX) did not observe significant changes. Further studies are needed defining patient cohorts by treatment protocol in addition to cancer type to elucidate the effects of individual cytotoxic drugs on cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemistry for the detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in patients with ovarian cancer: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Alves Teixeira ◽  
Francisco Jose Candido dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Brca1 Protein ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Breast Cancer Type

BackgroundLoss of function in either breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) or breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a major risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development. BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiencies are associated with short-term prognosis and might have importance for the treatment of women with the disease. However, the screening of all possible mechanisms of dysfunction is expensive, time-consuming and difficult to apply in clinical practice. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a simple and reliable method to access the expression of several proteins in tumour tissues.Materials and methodsThis systematic review aims to evaluate the current usage of IHC to detect BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficiencies in EOC. We searched and evaluated all primary literature on the use of IHC for evaluating BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins expression in EOC. The main concepts for the search were: ovarian neoplasms, IHC, BRCA1 and BRCA2.ResultsForty-four studies from 925 unique titles were included. A total of 4206 tumour samples were evaluated for BRCA1 and 1041 for BRCA2 expression. Twelve BRCA1 primary antibodies were used in 41 studies, and the most common was the MS110 clone (75.6%). Seven BRCA2 primary antibodies were used in ten studies. Using the cut-off of 10%, 47.0% of EOCs are associated with loss of BRCA1 and 34.5% with the loss of BRCA2 expression.ConclusionIHC was effective to detect loss of BRCA1 protein expression in EOC; however, data on BRCA2 expression were heterogeneous and difficult to interpret.

Associations between Demodex species infestation and various types of cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Sönmez ◽  
Zeliha Yalçın ◽  
Engin Karakeçe ◽  
İhsan Çiftci ◽  
Teoman Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Urogenital System ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Demodex Folliculorum ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Group ◽  
Group 5

AbstractTumor-associated immune system cells secrete protease and cytokines that can inhibit the immune response. In particular, T-cell effector functions could be inhibited, potentially causing an increase in parasitic infestations. Demodex species are common inhabitants of normal hair follicles. Humans are the specific host for two species Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and infestation of D. folliculorum and D. brevis in patients with cancer. In the present study, 101 patients with cancer were selected from among patients who were diagnosed and treated for cancer. The cancer patients were divided into four groups according to cancer type. Slides were examined for parasites using light microscopy at magnifications of ×40 and ×100. Infestation was defined as having at least five living parasites/cm2 of skin. The ages of the patients with cancer ranged between 38 and 82 years, with a mean of 65.5±10.1 years. It was determined that 77 of the 101 (76.2%) cancer patients were positive for Demodex species. Infestation was positive in 18 (47.4%) of the 38 cases in the breast cancer group, 7 (29.2%) of the 24 cases in the lung cancer group, 5 (18.5%) of the 27 cases in the gastrointestinal system cancer group, and 2 (16.7%) of the 12 cases in the urogenital system cancer group. Results showed that the rate of Demodex species infestation was higher in patients with breast cancer. Thus, cancer — and particularly breast cancer — is a risk factor for Demodex species infestation.

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